大学四六级英语词汇讲解.pdf

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1、第 二 部 分 词 汇第一章英语单词记忆方法在英语学习的过程中，“词汇是基础，阅读是关键”。单词量越大，学习者的各种技能就提高地越快。单词的掌握理解程度直接关系到其它能力的提高。没有一定的词汇量,就无法进行阅读、写作等活动。而词汇的学习和记忆又是英语学习中最令人头疼的事情,特别对于刚刚开始大学学习生活的同学们来说，在很短的时间内（大约两年的时间）要掌握大约相当于中学阶段（六年）两倍的词汇量，达到大纲要求的词汇量4,220（其中包括中学阶段应掌握的1,800个词），确实有很大的困难。另外，如何对大纲中的单词加以区分，什么样的单词应重点记忆，不但要掌握其词义，而且要知道其具体用法，包括和其它同义词

2、、近义词的区别以及它的搭配等；什么样的单词只记住常用词义就可以，这也是同学们很迷惑的地方。“联系是记忆的桥梁”。孤立的东西就好比一盘散沙，很难抓住：有联系的东西就好比一根链子，抓住一个环节就能带动其它环节。据统计，使用频率最高的英语单词约2000个左右。以这些单词为基础来推测由此衍生出的未知词的结构，找出和未知词的内在联系,就能发挥出比已知单词多出数倍的词汇能力。而在这2000个词汇当中又有500个单词最为重要，由其关联着约5000个常用词汇。在记忆单词的过程中，如果能时刻将要记的新单词和自己已经掌握的旧单词联系在一起，找出它们之间在拼写、发音、意义、搭配、用法等方面的联系，用旧单词带动新单词

3、的学习，就会达到事半功倍的记忆效果。为帮助广大同学尽快熟悉常用的一些重要单词，编者本着“以旧带新”的原则，根据多年的教学经验，编选了如下一些单词记忆方法和练习，将许多单词用不同的方式联系在一起，大家在记忆和练习的过程当中可以举一反三，迅速掌握大量新单词。第 一 节“词根+词缀”记忆法英语单词虽然难学难记，但它本身却有内在规律可寻。一个单词不管有多么复杂，但终究是山词素（词根，词缀）构成的，而每个词素都有确定的意义。单词的数量虽然极大，但词素的数量却很有限。如果掌握了词素，懂得了基本的构词方法，就能很容易地突破记忆单词的难关。单词的核心是词根，认识一个词根，认识一个词根就可以认识一群单词。词根是

4、-个单词的根本部分，是一个单词的核心，它表示一个单词的基本意义。单词的意义是由词根的意义所产生，根据词根的意义就可以理解单词的意义。从下表中就可以看出词根与单词之间的关系：词 根单 词vis看visible看得见的diet 说predict 预言lingu语言bilingual两种语M的po rt搬运porter脚夫，搬运工pend悬挂suspend 悬挂d u e引导introduce引进，介绍i t走ex it离开m ot推promote推 动，促进paci和平pacific太平的，平静的上 例 表 明，词根的意义代表了单词的中心意义，它在单词中占主导地位。词根的意义 结 合 词 缀（前、

5、后 缀）的意义，即产生了一个单词的意义。因此，只要记住词根的意义，只要能从单词中辨认出词根的形体，就能理解并记住这个单词的意义，而且记得牢,不 易 忘 记。该部分精选和大学英语词汇相关的一些常用词根，配以单词实例分析，使读者了解单词是如何构成的，词义是如何产生的。读者一旦掌握了分析单词的能力以后，便可掌握 大 量 单 词。另 外，对于卷个词根所讲到的单词，作者选编了大量练习，供读者练习和巩固所学单词。audi（t）=hearaudience n.听众，观众auditorium n.观众席，听众席（in）audible a.听（不）见 得（低得难以听到的声音）audio-a.听觉的，声音的aud

6、io-visual a.视觉听觉的，视听的1.The were enthusiastic on the opening night of the play.2.Her voice was scarcely above the noise of the wind.3.The American president,Lincoln,was killed in.ced/ceed/cess=walk access n.（接近或进入某地的）方法，通路；机会，权利have access to有的权利（机会）,可以利用（in）accessible（不）可接近的，（不）可进入的；（不）可使用的proceed v

7、.继续前进，前进；继续进行，继续下去；（against）起诉某人process n.步骤，过 程v.对进行加工，处理；审查，审阅，处理文件procession n.队伍，行 歹ijprocedure n.程序；手续，步骤proceeding n.进行；进程，行动；意向；诉讼；会议记录exceed v.超 过（尤指数量）;超出的界限excess n.过度：过分：过量：过 多a.额外的；附加的excessive a.过分的：过度的；极度的exceedingly adv.极端地；非常；极其necessary=ne+cess+ary（有性质的）necessarily adv.必然；必定necessit

8、y n.迫使某人做某事的情况；必要性，需要：必需品堂ceedv.成功，做成，达到目的；接 替（某人/某事）：继任，继承f rsuccess n.成功；成就1.J（un）successful a.（没有）取得成功的；达到目的的success n.成功者；成功的事情succession n.一连串的事物：一系列 in succession相继地，连续地2.J successor n.后继者；继任者；继承人Successive a.连续不断的；接连的；连串的precedent n.先例 unprecedented a.（没）有先例的precede v.在前面-y predecessor n.（被取代

9、的）原有事物，前身；前任，前辈preceding=previous adj.（时间和顺序上的）先前的concede v.承认某事属实、合理、有效等；让出；承认concession n.让步，认可；让与物；特许权intercede v.调解，说情recede v.退回，后退，变得模糊；退还，归还 f recess n.凹处，幽深处一 recession n.（经济）萧条1.He was fined for the speed limit.2.It has been raining for five days.3.Strange things took place in.4.They were i

10、n launching a communication satellite.5.Several earthquakes the eruption of the volcano.6.After the applause died down,the pianist to play.7.This is an high mountain.8.There has been rainfall in this area.9.Memories of childhood are g r a d u a l l y.10.That happened in a mo u n t a i n.11.There was

11、 a and depression in this country in 1935.12.What do you follow when getting a drivers license?13.He didnt approve my.14.Governments support of rapid economic growth offers scope for small and medium-sizedenterprises.15.AU the students registered have to the library and other facilities on the campu

12、s.cid/cis=cutconcise a.（指语言或文字）用少数词语传达大量信息的：简明的：言简意赅的precise a.叙述清楚而准确的；精确的；精 细 的precision n.准确性：明确性；精确性：精密度（accurate a.准确的；accuracy n.希确；准确）decide=de（divide）+cid+e,v.决定；卜.决心；解决，对某事作出判断（in）decisive a.（不）果断的；（不）决断的 f （in）decision n.决定；决心decidable a.可决定的undecided a.未解决的；未确定的；尚未拿定主意的suicide=sui（oneself

13、）+cid+e,n.自杀；自杀者commit suicide v.自杀suicidal a.自杀的；可能导致自杀的；有自杀倾向的insecticide n.杀虫剂bactericide n.灭菌剂Incise v.切入，切开；雕 刻f incision n.切,切开，切割；切 口（尤指外科手术）型cise（excide）v.切除，割去excision n.切除,删除1.He gave a report of the experiment within three minutes without any myor points missing.2.is achieved when sentenc

14、es are so corrected.3.Can you be more in your answer?4.The doctor made a tiny into her brain.5.The surgeon the cancer with great skill.clud=close,shutexclude v.把某人排除之外；防止某物进入；排除某事的可能性exclusive（of）a.排除在外的；罕见的,高级的;独有的，排他的exclusion n.排斥，排除在外；排除include v.包括，包含inclusive a.包括或包含某事物的；包括所述的限度inclusion n.包括/

15、包含conclude v.（使某事物）结束；（经推理）相信某事物；决定conclusive a.令人信服的；确凿的：conclusion n.结束，结尾；决定，协议，达成，缔结1.Women are often from positions of authority.2.The price of the holiday is of accommodation.3.The price is$1000,of tax.4.The story with the heros death.cur=care curgv.治愈某人，治 好 n.治疗 f （in）curable a.（不）可治愈的；无可救药的；

16、患不治之症的（in）secure a.（不）保险的；不安全的；不牢固的；不可靠的f（in）security n.（不）安全curious a.富丁好奇心的：有求知欲的f curiosity n.好奇心；稀物；珍品1.The doctors her of cancer.2.Many children are about the origin of mankind.3.Tom feels about his future.cur,curs,cour,cours=run 建cur v.发生；想到；想起 f occuirence n.事情；事件；发生的事 sih occurs to sb/sbs mi

17、nd=sb remembers sthcuirent a.现在的；现行的；口前的f currency n il；货币；流通；流行excurse-*excursion n.短途旅行：远足course n.进程；过程；课程理cur v.再发生；复发；（想法或事情）在头脑中再现在current a.经常发生的：周期性的recurrence n.复发；反复：重现1.When did the a c c i d e n t?2.It never to her to ask anyone.3.Tom wants to go on a（n）to the country.4.The symptoms tend

18、 to.dens（稠密，凝结）】densg a.密度大的；不易看透的；浓的；稠密的；密 集 的 e.g.dense fog dense crowddensely adv.稠密的 e.g.densely populateddensity n.浓度：密度condense（compress）v.使某物变稠或变浓condensable a.可压缩的；可简约的condensation n.浓缩；凝结；缩写1.High of buildings is a serious problem in the city.2.Mercury has a much greater than water.3.The pa

19、per has been to half its original length.4.This is the version（缩写本）of the novel.5.1 want a（缩写本）of the novel.die,diet=tell,speakdiet选v.口授；读出；强行规定；指令；指定dictation n.口授；听写；命令dictat21n.独裁者，霸道的人；爱发号施令者dictatorship n.独裁政府/国家,专政：独裁者的职位diction n.说话的方式；语言风格；词语的选择：遣词用字f dictionary n.（指导人们说话用词的工具）词典contradict v

20、.反驳;批驳；相反；相矛盾contradiction=contra（contrary）+dictioncontradictory a.互相矛盾的，互相对立的*dictv.预言；预报；预告（un）predictablea.（不）可预言的；（不）可预报的prediction n.预言；预报indicate v.指示:指出；象征；表明或暗示的可能性indicative a.称述的；表示或暗示某事物的 be indicative o f 表明indication n.指示；指标；象征；预示indicator n.指示者；指小器;指针；指不牌dedicate v.将奉献给dedicated a.献身于某

21、事物的：专心致志的；专用的dedication（solemn,often formal commitment）n.对某事 业或目的的忠诚：奉献：献词devote v.为某人（某事）付 出（时间，精力等）；向某人奉献；献身于某事物devoted a.热爱的；非常忠实的；全心全意的devotion（faithfulness and loyalty）挚爱：献身：忠心：虔诚：祈祷：宗教仪式jurisdiction n.司法,司法权：管辖权，权限1.He a letter to the typist.2.French dress designers have long been the in the w

22、orld of fashion.3.The sentence construction basic grammar.4.His statements with the acts.5.The study found many of earthquake.6.We need a speed.7.A headache is sometimes of eyestrain.8.The author the book to his mother.9.He his life to the service of his mother land.due,duct=leadconductLn.行为：举止；为人：表

23、现Your children conduct themselves well.你的孩子们表现甚佳。2.v.处理；经营；引导；实施My aunt conducts her business very successfully.我的婶婶把企业经营得很成功。3.v.引导；导游The headmaster conducted us round the school.校长带我们在学校里参观了一圈。The guide conducted us on a tour of the oldest museum in the country.导游带我们游览了这个国家最老的博物馆。4.V.指 挥（乐队）5.v.导电

24、：导热Metal conducts electricity.金属导电。conduction n.（电、热）传导：（水）输送conductor n.导体；售票员；指挥semi-conductor n.半导体educate=e（ex）+due+ate v.教育education n.教育educator n.教育者educational a.教育的produce（一直向前引导直至产生结果）v.生产，制造；造成，引起；出示，拿 出 n.农产品product n.（工业）产品production n.制造：生 产（尤指大批量）：产量：推出的作品productive a.生产的；有生产能力的；多产的；富

25、有成效的；有益的productivity n.生产力；多产性；生产率reproduce v.复 制;繁 殖-reproduction n.复制；繁殖；重现；繁殖过程；复制品introduce=intro（inter）+due+e v.介绍：引见；提出introduction n.（正式的）介绍：引见 入门introductory a.引导的；预言的；曾luce v.缩减；减少；降低；降职；-reduction n.缩减；降低；简化：还原；缩版；缩图deduce=d e I+d u c e v.演绎；推断 f deduction n.推演；推理；演绎induce=i n +d u c e v.劝

26、诱或促使（某人）做某事；引起或诱发（某事）f inducement n.弓I诱：鼓励：刺激；诱因丝duce v.引 诱（尤指年轻或无经验的人）做坏事；唆使某人做坏事（尤提供某种好处）seductive a.诱人的;有魅力的;有吸引力的seduction n.弘诱:勾引；诱惑力：吸引力1.Milk is a kind of but sour milk is a kind of.2.He is able to a logical result from the various problems.3.The teacher ten marks for bad handwriting.4.What y

27、ou to do such a foolish thing?5.The of foreign investment is important.6.You can make a from the facts.7.It was due to a offer of high pay.8.His doctrines the children into error.9.It was caused by the of school children into using narcotics.（麻醉品）e q u =e q u a l equal v.与相等；b e e q u a l t o i n 在方

28、面与 相等equalize v.ffi（某事物在大小数量上）相等equality n.平等adequate a.足够的:充分的inadequate a.不充分的；不足的；不够好的adequacy n.充足inadequacy n.不足；不充分；不胜任；毛病；弱点；缺点equivalent&相 同 的（价值，数量，意义重要性等）n.相 等 物 equivalence n.均等；等量equator n.赤道1.Some American words have no Br i t i s h.2.Women demand pay fbr work.3.They are fighting fbr th

29、e of women.4.The citys water supply is no longer owing to the serious water pollution.f e r,f e rt,l a t =b ri n g,c a rryconfer v.讨论;探讨；商谈协商；授予某人 conferon 将 授予 conference（把大家带到一起来讨论问题）查ffer二d i f（d i s）+f e r（把事物分门别类带开，区别，不同）differ from-in-,在方面和不同different a.不同的difference。.差别；差异differentiate v.看出或指

30、出（两者）不同；辨别；区别；区分迫different a.不感兴趣；漠不关心；满不在乎的也fer（把思想带入一个未知领域）v.推理；推 断f inference n.推论；推理：推断；结论在 1*=但（他0 1 1 7 1）+?1*（带回事物的源头）乂提到，谈到；参考，查阅；涉及，关于 refer to*as-,把称为/叫做references提到：说到；涉及referee v.当裁判 n.裁判relate（带回某事物上去）n.叙 述,讲（故事等）；联 系 relate to relation n.联系；关联；关系亲戚；亲戚关系；关系；交往relationship n.关系；关联；血缘关系re

31、lative a.相对的；比较的related a.有关的；相关的prefer（拿到面前，优先拿取）v.宁愿；更喜欢preferable a.更好的，更可取的preferences喜爱；偏爱；特别爱好的事物：优待；优惠；优先权preferential a.优先的，优惠的suffer（被带到重压的底下）v.感到疼痛，遭受痛苦；遭受困难，吃苦头f suffering n.（肉体或内心的）痛苦；苦恼；折磨translate v.翻 译-translation n.翻译；认为；解释；译文transfer v.（将某物从一处转移到另一处）v.转让；调动interfere（in/with）v.干涉；介入f

32、 non-interference n.不干涉（尤指国际事物）琏fer=of（towards）+fer（把某物带给某人）v.提供 f offering n.提供：给予fert辿 a.肥沃的；富饶的；能结果实的；能生育的；受精的fertilize v.使受精，使多产；施肥于，使肥沃fertilizers受孕；受精；受粉；使（土地）肥沃circumference n.圆周，周围辿ferv.推迟，拖延1.This is the man to as a specialist.2.1 from his attitude that he doesnt like her.3.The girl the red

33、 skirt to the blue one.4.1 have to with him before I talk to you again.5.The university an honorary degree upon the scholar.6.The farmer can his land with manure.7.You shouldnt with our freedom./in the internal affairs of a country8.The first choice is to the second one.9.The hotel gave us treatment

34、.10.She her success to her efforts.11.The speaker often to his notes.12.The minister is still with his advisers.fleet,flex=bend flesh n.肉；果肉；蔬菜的可食部分；肉体；肉欲(in)flexible a.易弯曲的；柔韧的；有弹性的；可变的；灵活的-flexibility n.灵活，灵活性匹fleet v.反射；反 映f reflection n.倒影,影像；仔细思考;反映韭fleet二de(away from)+flect v.使偏斜，使转向：转移，引开逗fle

35、et v.使弯曲：使曲折变化f inflection n.词尾变化：抑扬顿挫(说话声)inflectional a.词尾变化的；曲折变化的1.The newspaper public opinions.2.He is simply a of his father.=He is an exact version of his father.3.He want to their attention from the political crisis.4.It is an language.flu=flowfhient a.语言流利的;文字流畅的；动作准确的 f fluency n.流利：通顺：灵活

36、而准确influence n.影响力;作用；支 配（力）；有影响力的人或事物；支配力；控制力权利；势力f influential a.有影响的；有说服力的；有地位、财富的influenza（abbreviated as flu）n.流行性感冒；流感fluid a.流动的：流体的：不坚硬的：不固定的：可改变的1.He is in five languages.2.Weve only just begun to plan the work,and our ideas on the subject are still.gress=go,walkprogress v.前进；进行；进步；进 展f pro

37、gressive a.前进的；进步的；有进展的；逐步增加的congress n.代表大会；国会f congressional a.代表大会的；国会的；最高立法机关的congressman n.美国国会议员aggress v.侵略；挑衅：攻击f aggressive a.侵略的；好攻击的：好争吵的攻击性的；强有力的：坚持己见的aggression n.侵略；攻击行动aggressor n.侵略者；侵略国1.This term,she made in English.2.There will be an international next week.3.A good salesman must

38、be if he wants to succeed.4.Her condition is showing a improvement.habit,hibit=dwell,catch,maintainhabit n.（长期保持下来的）爱好，习性，行为habitual a.贯常的；通常的；习以为常的habitat n.（动物或植物的）自然环境；栖息地cohabit v.同 居-cohabitant n.同居者exhibit t v.（放到外面去）展出，展 览-*exhibition n.展览逅habit v.居住于（某处）；占据；栖居于f mhabitants居民；住户；栖息的动物prohibit

39、 v.（正式用语，指制定正式章程或发布命令，以法律或官方命令）禁止，强制执行prohibit-from-*prohibition n.禁止；阻止；禁令Inhibit v.约 束,抑 制,禁止1.The picture was once at a world fair.2.In this city,smoking on public transport is by law.3.The chemical can oxidation.（氧化作用）4.Before the arrival of the white man,Australia was solely by aborigines（土著）.5

40、.1 prefer to see animals in their natural rather than in zoos.6.He is a coffee drinker-he gets through about ten cups a day.it=go 型itn.离别；离开；退场；出口；太平房mitj里 a.开始的：最初的：第一个的n.首字母v.用首字母签名或作标记transit n.搬运；载运；运输f transitory a.短暂的：片刻的：转瞬即逝的transition n.过度；转变；变迁circuit s圈:电路；巡回审判；联赛f circular a.原形的；环绕的；循环的c

41、irculate v循环；流通；传播circulation n.血液循环；流传；传播；流通；发行量；销售量1.The letter of the first word of a sentence in English should be capitalized.2.The country has experienced a peaceful from colonial rule to self-government.3.The goods are damaged in.4.There is a camp in Vienna for Jews who leave the Former Sovie

42、t Union to settle in Israel.5.The news of the enemys defeat quickly around the town.6.A break in the caused the lights to go out.jac,ject,jet=throw,haulobject n.物体；对象；客体；目标；意向；目 的 v.不赞成；反对；抗议 object to（doing）反对做objective a.客观的：不受个人的感情或意见影响的；无偏见的：真实的objection n.厌恶；不赞成；反对；异议reject=re（again）+ject v.拒 绝

43、（接受）：拒 绝（雇佣，录取等）；（因质量不好）废弃；抛 弃（观念）f rejection（reject=meet a flat refusal）n.拒绝：抛弃inject v.注射；引进；注 如（生机，活力）一坦jectionn.注射；注入运ject迎 n.注射者：注射器project n.项目;工程；计划；规划；课题，研究项目v.突出；放映，投射；计划，预定f projections设计：计划；投掷：发射：投影放映；推断：规划：设想projector n.放映机汕ject n.主题；对象；学科；科目；主语；主 题 v.使服 从 或 臣 服 a.受人支配的；政治上不独立的f subjecti

44、ve a.主观的；subjection n.征服；制伏；臣服；顺从subject to使遭受/蒙受；使屈服于be subject to受支配；易受影响eject v.逐出；喷射，吐出ad jective n.（投放在名词旁边的词）形容词interject v.突然插入，插入f interjection n.插入，插话；感叹词1.The country wanted to its neighboring countries to its rule.2.1 proposed to her but she me.3.The members of the club to holding a match

45、 without adequate preparations.4.He was from the country.5.The government has begun a at the airport.6.Two nails from the wall.7.Japan is exceedingly to earthquake.8.The new president vigor in the department.9.The arrangements are to change(=may be changed)at short notice.1().The of the film is the

46、Battle of Waterloo.lect,leg,lig=choose,gatherElect v.选举某人；选择或决定f elector n.有选举权的人；选民election n.选举(尤指从政)阻ectv.选择；挑选；选拔；f selection v.选择；挑选；选拔；挑选出的事项或人；可供挑选的事项collect v.收 集 搜 集；聚集一 collective a.集体的；共同的：共有的collectivism n.集体主义collection 系列搜集物；收藏品：募捐intellect n.(选优择善的)智力，理解能力，思维能力-intellectual a.智力的：理智的；

47、善于思考的intelligent a.聪明的;有才智的；有头脑的intelligence n.智力；脑力；学习和推理的能力elegant a.(挑选出来的,众里挑一的)高雅的，优美的f elegance n.优雅;文雅neglect v.疏忽：忽略f neglectful a.疏忽的；忽视的；不留心的neglig”fa.疏忽的；忽视的；粗心大意的negligence n.粗心大意;忽略，忽视1.The report says that the doctor had been in not giving the woman a through examination.2.Dont to lock

48、/locking the door when you leave.3.He is a father who is of his children(=does not give them enough attention and care).4.The fulfillment of the project needs our efforts.5.The lady is a typical Western beauty.6.The argument is too for me;I couldnt follow a word of it.7.Human beings are much more th

49、an animals.lev=raiseev迪v.将某人/某物举起；提到更高的地位elevator n.皮带输送机；升降舵；电梯elevation n.提高：高度；高贵：尊贵lev红 V.撬 动 n.杠杆；杠杆装置：控制杆f n.手段；方法relieve v.（把压在上面的东西举起）减轻，缓 和f relief n.（痛苦或忧虑的）减轻或解除(in)relevant=re+lev+ant(处于状态的)adj.(不)相关的 f relevance n.ftJSS；有关系1.Wc have our living standards.2.The center is located at an of

50、5,0(X)feet.3.Let us examine the matters to the subject.4.His part-time job greatly the burden of his family.5.What you say has no to what we are talking about.manu,man=handmanual a.手的；手工的；手制的manuscript n.手稿;原稿：草稿manufacture n.制造;编造；制造品；产品 f manufacturer n.制造商；工厂主；制造厂manage v,负责；管理：经营 f manager n.经理：