高考英语语法精要讲解.pdf

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1、高考英语语法精要讲解诩诩诩诩落诩诩名数冠代形副介基本句型.IT 句型.There Be 句型主谓一致.时态.时态的综合问凫一般现在时现在进行时一般将来时现在完成时一般过去时过去进行时 过去将来时过去完成时语态.情态动词.虚拟语气.句子结构.从特殊疑问句反意疑问句否定句.倒装句.感叹句.祈使句.省略与替代句.3561016162022-2425263131313132333435363637435255555659606162626666主语从句.66表语从句.66宾语从句.67同位语从句.67名词性从句的综合问题.67What-clause.68状语从句.68定语从句.75非谓语动词.78动词

2、不定式.78分词.81动名词.832008年高考英语单项填空分类汇编.86名词、数词、冠词一、名词1、在句子里使用名词应注意的问题：名词的数：单数、复数和不可数；名词的格：通格和属格（S）名词的限定：特指、泛指、数量和习惯用法，即名词前加冠词或其它限定词，例如：some,many,this,m y等2、名词的数和单位词：1）复型名词+复数动词The trousers are too big for me.Please show me the smaller pair.备用词：shoes,stockings,glasses,socksNOTICE:A pair of glasses costs

3、quite a lot.2）复型名词+单数动词A.The news on TV is seldom satisfying.备用词：mathematics,physics,politics,means,works,the United StatesB.Twenty miles is a long way to walk.备用词：five pound*two feet,six weeks3）集合名词+复数名词The police have surrounded the building.Cattle are selling for record price（仓 41己录）.备用 词：the ene

4、my,（the）peopleNOTICE:表示由若干人组成的集合体的单数词常可作复数用，但若把这个集合体看作整体就用作单数：My family are wonderful.They do all they can for me.The family which now consists of four members at most issmaller than it used to be.4）不可数名词作可数的情况A.部分不可数名词可以有下列情况a（an）+adj.+n.It looks like rain.a thirsty for 左 ow/edge（求知欲）a heavy rain H

5、e has a good knowledge of politics.备用词：snow,breakfast wine,oil,educationB.口语特例（特定场合）A（One）beer,please.Two teas and four coffees,please.5）既是可数又是不可数的名词I broke a glass this morning.（杯子）Glass is made from sand.（玻璃）备用词：paper/a paper,light（光）/a light（灯”ice（冰）/an ice（冰激凌）,chicken（鸡肉）/a chicken（雏鸡）6）单位词A.个数

6、a piece of information（furniture,advice.）B.以形状表示个数a grain of rice,a flight of stairsC.容量a box of matches,a cup of teaD.计量a metre of cloth,a ton of coalE淇它a（new）set of tools（wires,teeth,rules）3、名词的格：1）s 的用法A.与时间有关的名词a night s sleep ten minutes walkNOTICE:a twQ-hour walk=two hours walkB.和e k e连用book c

7、an this be?A.Who else s B.Whose elseC.Who s else D.Whose else*s（A）C.飞修饰的词,如果前面提到,可省略This is Jack s book,not Tom s.This book is Jack s not Tom s.D.表示店、铺、家、诊所等,飞后面的名词省略at the Green s（house）,at the doctor s（office）2）O F 结构表示所有关系A.无生命的名词用ofthe price of the successB.有生命的名词被一个短语或从句修饰而表示所有关系时用ofCan t you l

8、ook at the book of the boy behind you?3）双重所有格飞与of结构并用，此时of结构所修饰的名词前通常有a,an,two,some,that等Miss Smith is a friend of Mary s mother s.that brother of the girl4)名 词+名 词(名 词 用作形容词)A.单数名词+名词 a shoe(flower)shop ticket officeNOTICE:the tailor?s(shop)B.复 数 名 词+名词sports meet clothes shop women pilots二、数词1、数词在

9、使用时应注意的问题：易错数词：年月日及介词 计算用词 和数字相关的词2、综合1)数字表达：123,856,709one hundred and twenty-three million,eight hundred andfifty-six thousand,seven hundred and nine2)年月曰 in the morning;on the morning of September 1;in September;in 1988;on September 1 (on the first of September)3、计算+Six and five is(are)eleven.Six

10、 hundred plus forty is(equals)six hundred and forty.Four from seven is(leaves)three.Six hundred minus one hundred equals five hundred.X 16x 11=176Sixteen times eleven is(makes)one hundred and seventy-six.-r 9+3=3Nine divided by three equals three.4 dozen,scoreA.three dozen eggs;three dozen of these

11、eggs;dozens of eggsB.three score years;a(three)score of people;scores o/*times5、小数，分数，百分比引导的短语作主语时的主谓一致问题.分数和百分数引导的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数应根据分数和百分数后面的名词来确定.如果是可数名词的复数，其谓语动词用复数形式；如果是不可数名词或单数可数名词其谓语动词用单数形式.More than 40 percent of the students wear glasses.70 percent od the fund(资金)was supplied by the Government

12、.6、”一个半.”的表达法.one pound and a half,one and a half years三、冠词1、冠词应注意的问题 习惯用法 同一名词前不同名词的比较2、不定冠词1)成对的名词(此类名词间常有一种自然的联系)a knife and fork2)a most+n.非常 This is a most beautiful country.3)a(an)与 one之区别A.数字对比用 one It was one coffee we ordered,not two.B.对比 A knife is no good.(刀子不行)One knife is no g o o d.(一把

13、刀子不行)C.通用 a(one)million,a(one)quarter4)a(an)与 every 之比较：three times a year,twice every three years5)惯用法 A.What a surprise!What a lovely dress!quite a nice day rather a good ideasuch a funny expressionB.too cold a day How lovely a dress!so strange a person as good a map as3、定冠词1)普通名词组成的专有名词 the Great

14、 Wall the Summer Palace2)江河、海洋、山脉、群岛、海峡、海湾 the Pacific(Ocean)3)the+adj.(-ing;-ed)A.指一类人，谓语用复数The old are being taken good care of.B.指一类事，谓语用单数The beautiful is not always the same as the good.4)用在radio,piano,telephone,方位、次序、自然现象(rain)、身体部位前 He hates the telephone.5)被定语从句、介词短语、副词短语、不定式短语等修饰的名词前The boy

15、 who you are looking for(in blue,there,standing there,dressed in blue)is a student.4、零冠词1）街道、广场、节假日、季节、月份、星期、棋类、球类等National Day2）职位充当补语、同位语时Nanjing R oadHe was elected headmaster of the school.3）成对出现的成语arm in arm（手挽手）,side by side（肩并肩）,from door to door,hand in hand（手牵手）,day and night,from morning t

16、ill night,face to face,young and old,from beginning to end5、冠词比较1）go to school（hospital,church）;in prison（强调用途）go to the school.visit the prison（强调建筑物本身）2）r 1 1 go there next Friday.（以说话时间为准）In 1989,he was 28,and the next year,he was 2 9.（以所给时间为准）3）by air（plane,boat*-）in a spaceship（on the bike,on t

17、he bus）4）Open the window to let m fresh air.（泛指）The air in the room is not fresh.（特指）5）be at table be at the table6）a cup of coffee 7W coffees、please.I like white coffee.This is a-y good coffee.The coffee on the table is Tom s.7）Mz:White is waiting to see you.4 Afz WAife is waiting to see you.The Mr

18、.you are looking for is waiting to see you.8）A horse is a useful animal.The horse is a useful animal.Horses are useful animals.9）the best season of the yew the best time of yewEXERCISES 1（单选）1.-r d like information about the management of your hotel,please.一Well,you could have word with the manager.

19、He might be helpful.A.some,a B.an,some C.some,some D.an,a2.If by any chance someone comes to see me,ask them to have a.A.message B.letter C.sentence D.notice3.He dropped theB.coffee s cup_and broke it.C.cup for coffeeA.cup of coffeeD.coffee cup4.There are only twelve_ in the hospital.A.woman doctors

20、B.women doctorsC.women doctorD.woman doctor5.-How many_does a cow have?-Four.A.stomachesB.stomach C.stomachs D.stomachines6.The of the building are covered with lots of（AADBCA）A.roofs,leavesB.rooves,leafs C.roof,leaf D.roofs,leafs7.That was a fifty engine.A.horse powerB.horses power C.horse powers D

21、.horses powers8.-How far away is it from here to your school?-It s aboutA.half an hour,s drive B.half hours drivesC.half an hour drives D.half an hour drive9.Last week I called at my.A.aunt B.auntsC .aunts D.auntss10.You 1 1 find this map of great in helping you to get round London.A.price B.cost C.

22、usefulness D.value11.Alexander Graham Bell invented telephone in 1876.A.不填 B.a C.the D.one12.-Where s Jack?-I think he s still in bed but he might justbe in bathroom.A.不填，不填 B.the,theC.the,不填 D.不 填,the（AACDCD）13.Many people are still in habit of writing silly things inpublic places.A.the,the B.不填，不填

23、C.the,不填 D.不填，the14.She is newcomer to chemistry bust she has already made someimportant discoveries.A.the,the B.the,不填 C.a,不填 D.a,the15.Have you seen pen?I left it here this morning.一Is it black one?I think I saw it somewhere.A.a,the B.the,the C.a,a D.the,a16.Paper money was in use in China when Ma

24、rco Polo visited thecountry in thirteenth centry.A.the,不填 B.不填,the C.the,the D.不填，不填17.The warmth of sweater will of course be determined by the sort ofwool used.A.the,the B.the,不填 C.不填,the D.不填，不填18.Summers in south of France are for most part dry and sunny.A.不填，a B.the,不填 C.不填，不填 D.the,the（CCCBBD）

25、19.A rough estimate,Nigeria is Great Britain.（05 上海卷）（D）A.three times the size as B.the size three times ofC.three times as the size of D.three times the size of20.He proved himself a true gentleman and the beauty of his was seenat its best when he worked with others.（05 上海卷）（D）A.temper B.appearance

26、 C.talent D.character21.I am sure David will be able to find the library he has a pretty goodof direction.（05 浙江卷）（D）A.idea B.feeling C.experience D.sense22.Bill was doing a lot of physical exercise to build up his.（05天津卷）（C）A.ability B.force C.strength D.mind23.My of this weekends activity is going

27、 out with some good friends.（05安徽卷）（A）A.idea B.opinion C.mind D.thought24.The head office of the bank is in Beijing,but it has all over the country.（05辽 宁 卷）（B）A.companiesB.branches C.organizations D.businesses25.It took us quite a long time to get here.It was journey.（05 匕京春）（C）A.three-hour B.a thr

28、ee hour C.a three-hour D.three hours26.Students should be encouraged to use_ Internet as resource.（08 山 东）A.不 填；a B.不 填；the C.the;the D.the;aD the internet表示一类事物，a resource表示是资源的一种。EXERCISES 2（改错，每 句 一 个 错）1.After one year hard work,the Senior Three students have already prepared themselves for the

29、entrance exam.（year s）2.More and more middle-aged people in the West have heartJ s trouble,which results from high-fat food they like to eat.（heart）3.You can get your library card in the teacher reading-room,which is on thesecond floor.（teachers?）4.His hairs looked disordered,with some gray hair on

30、his forehead.（hairs-第二个）5.Now I eat more fruits and vegetables than I used to.My favorite fruits areapples,bananas and grapes.（fruit-第一个）6.The lady entered a room,opened windows to let the fresh air in,andsat down in an armchair to have a rest.（the windows）7.Miss Nora is young,nice,kind and active.S

31、he is the teacher youngstudents like.（a teacher）8.They elected him the captain of the school football team for a secondtime.（captain,去掉 the）9.He is fond of playing chess while his sister is fond of playing piano.（the piano）10.No human being can change the law of the nature,though they canchange thei

32、r own lives.（nature,去掉 the）代词一、人称代词1、多个人称代词的排列顺序：you and I he and I you and heyou,he and I you,they and we(情况多)2、I t 的用法 代替this,thatThat s a book,isn t it?做某动作的人或婴儿 一-Someone is coming.Who can 工be?-It may be Jack.Its a lovely baby.Is2 a boy or a girl?表示时而：距离、自然现象一Its 20 miles to(from)Paris.3、简略回答中用s

33、o,not,i t 的情况：肯定答语中，下列动词后面常用s。：think,hope,believe,T m afraid,It seems(appears),etc.-Is it true that he had a heart attack?-r m afraid so./I believe%/It seems%否定答语中用藐：-Has Anne got into university?1 m afraid not./I think not./It seems not.协力动词中也可以用not NO：believe,think,suppose,expect,etcI don t believ

34、e 丝./I don t think so.do代替上下文动就 并且表示一个已完成而动作时,do后常用so/it:一Please lay the table.-r ve just done so(it).二、指示代词that,one,it 的区别o n e代替可数名词，表示泛指;the o n e表示特指;that代替不可数名词，表示特指；它们都可以代替前面提到的同一类事物;it指前面提到的同一事物。There is an old engineer and a yo 痛 one here.His attitude to me is that of a friend.r ve lost my p

35、en.Have you seen if!(Have you lend me one?)the/this/that/these/those+adj.+one/onesr 1 1 try on a few of these shirts.Please pass me that white one.the one后面可以接介词短语或定语从句The boy in your class is taller than the one in our class.The skirt(that)she made herself is more beautiful to wear thanthe one(that

36、)she bought last year.one不能代替前面提到的不可数名词Don t use powdered milk.Use this fresh milk.(不可用 fresh one)those,ones These machines are better than those we made last year.I d like a pound of apples.Which ones?The red(ones).Why don t we take a little break?Didn t we just have?(NMET2000)A.it B.that C.one D.t

37、his(C)三、物主代词1、名词性物主代词可作主语、表语、宾语，不能作定语This is my cup.Yours is the one that s green.These things are mine.Those are theirs.2、名词性物主代词后结构连面一 That brother of vours looks healthy.He is an old friend of mine.3、下列结构用th e代替物主代词He pulled Jack by the hair(arm).He was wounded in the leg.He was blind in the righ

38、t eye.四、反身代词1、加强语气(可前可后)The headmaster spoke to me himself.f The headmaster himself syoke to me.Tom felt that he knew everybody?s business betterthan they knew it.A.themselves B.oneself C.itself D.himself(NMET 1996)(A)2、own：反身代词无所有格形式，用 ow n表达：r d love to have my room/a room of my五、不定代词1、every eache

39、very 指时间：every other day,e-y three days=e-y third dayeach放在复数主谓语之间：We each have a book.each放在句尾：She gave her children an apple each.2、some-any-every-no-作单数看：there anyone here who is a doctor?不与 of 连用：不说 someone of;no one of.etc可说 some one of;none of,etc.+adj./to do(vt.):Is there anything for me to s

40、it on?+else:This isn,tmine.lt s$ome(me eke s.3、some any表示请求、建议的问句用someWould you like some(more)coffee?some+n.(singl.)You will realize it some day.any在肯定句中表示任何一个(无论哪个)A y child can answer that.Give me a plate.one(plate)will do.(4)any(some)of+限定词+n.some of the oil,any of my water4、both all常用于助动词或情感动词后

41、，但在简答中放在前面 The girls are both ready.一 Are you ready?-Yes,we both(all)are.放在作宾语的宾格代词后面He gave some to us all(both).all单独用，指人时谓语用用复数；指物时谓语用单数 All is lost.All are here.5、either neither either.or;neither.nor作主语，谓语的使用是邻近原则Neither he nor I am going to London.作定语，修饰单萩词Neither(Either)book is satisfactory.6

42、another(the)other(the)othersanother 另外的，另一个的Please show me anotherDo you need another cup?another+基数词(few)+n.I need another three days.(three more days)(the)other(+n.)(the)otherthe other six(persons)/the others/the other day7、(a)few(a)little few 的搭配 We had a good few letter this morning(很多).Not a fe

43、w letters were written to the magazines.(不少)-How many do you want?sta/bw,please.(不多)quite a few(相当多)only a few(只有儿个，儿乎没有)little的搭配There s o/y a little soup left.-How much do you want?Just a little、please.8、much many(D(much/far)too much far too manyYour son got much(far)too much pocket money.There ar

44、e far too many accidents at this crossing.much修饰 形容词和副词的比较级或最高级 比较级+不可数名词There s much I far less water in the river than usual,many修饰“比较级+可数名词复数”There are many/far more people than I expected.9、全部否定与部分否定全部否定用词neither nothing no one nobody nonenot与 all,both,every,every-连用时表示部分否定Not all his work is su

45、ccessful.EXERCISE 1(单选)1.I agree with most of what you said,but I don t agree with.A.everything B.anything C.something D.nothing2.Sarah has read lots of stories by American writers.Now she would liketo read stories by writers from countries.A.some,any B.other,some C.some,other D.other,other3.1 hate

46、when people talk with their mouths full.A.it B.that C.these D.them4.Dr.Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge,I can,t r e m e m b e r .A.where B.there C.which D.that5.-Are the new rules working?Yes.books are stolen.A.Few B.More C.Some D.None6.Few pleasures can equal of a cool drink on a hot day

47、.A.some B.that C.any D.those7.-Why don t we take a little break?-Didn t we just have?A.it B.one C.that D.this(ACACABB)8.I t is the ability to do the job matters not where you come from orwhat you are.A.one B.what C.that D.it9.The Pakers bought a new house but will need a lot of work beforethey can m

48、ove in.A.they B.it C.one D.which10.Do you want tea or coffee?-.I really don t mind.A.Both B.None C.Either D.Neither11.Many people have helped with canned food,however,the food bankneeds for the poor.A.more B.much C.many D.most12.1 hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have.A.it B.there C.t

49、hem D.one13.-When shall we meet again?-Make it day you like;it s allthe same to me.A.one B.any C.another D.so14.If this dictionary is not yours,can it be?A.what else B.who else C.which else?s D.who else s(CBCADBD)15.They were all very tired,but of them would stop to take a rest.A.any B.some C.none D

50、.neither16.John said he d been working in the office for an hour,was true.A.he B.this C.which D.who17.It doesny t matter whether there is only coffee or tea.will do.A.Any B.Both C.Either D.Neither18.He had little money,so he didn t lend me.A.some B.it C.much D.any19.Money doesn,t mean .A.everythingB