大学英语四级作文介绍.pdf

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1、1、大学英语考试的定义大学英语四、六 级 考 试（College English T est,简 称CET）是由国家教育部高等教育司主持的全国性教学考试；考试的主要对象是根据教育大纲修完大学英语四级或六级的大学本科生或研究生。大学英语四、六级标准化考试自1986年末开始筹备，1987年正式实施。2、大学英语四、六级考试的目的目的是推动大学英语教学大纲的贯彻执行，对大学生的英语能力进行客观、准确的测量，为提高我国大学英语课程的教学质量服务。3、大学英语考试的措施大学英语四、六级考试经历了一个不断完善的过程。为提高考试的效度和信度，近年来采取了一系列的改革措施。例如：1）采用新题型，增加主观题的比

2、例；2）设作文最低分，使师生更加重视写作能力的培养；3）报导平均级点分，以准确反映学校的总体教学水平。大学英语四级考试新题型改革的总体思路主要包括三个方面：一是开发新题型，改革考试内容和考试形式，突出加强对学生英语综合应用能力特别是听说能力的测试；二是全面改革分数报道方式，由 原 来 的100分制改为710分的记分体制，不设及格线，不颁发合格证书，只发放成绩单，与此同时，逐步将考生范围限制在校内；三是改革考试管理体制，进一步加强考务管理。在考试内容和形式上，四、六级考试将加大听力理解部分的题量和比例，增加快速阅读理解测试，增加非选择性试题的比例。试点阶段的四、六级考试由四部分构成：听力理解、阅

3、读理解、综合测试和写作测试。听力理解部分的比例提高到35%,其中听力对话占15%,听力短文占20%。阅读理解部分比例调整为35%,其中仔细阅读部分(careful reading)占25%,快速阅读部分(fast reading)占10%。仔细阅读部分除测试篇章阅读理解外，还包括对篇章语境中的词汇理解的测试；快速阅读部分测试各种快速阅读技能。综合测试比例为15%,由两部分构成。第一部分为完型填空或改错，占10%；第二部分为短句问答或翻译，占5%o写作能力测试部分比例为15%,体裁包括议论文、说明文、应用文等。作 文1(续)模板作文二：批驳观点式A.一个错误观点B.我不同意Many people

4、 argue that（1.弓|出错误观点）。By saying that,they mean（2.对这个观点的进一步解释）。An example they have presented is that（3.举出一个例子）。According to a survey performed by X on a group of Y,almost 80%of them（4.赞成这个错误观点或者受到这个错误观点的影响）。There might be some element of truth in these peoples belief.But if we consider itin depth,w

5、e will feel no reservation to conclude that（5.举出与错误观点相反的观点）。There are a number of reasons behind my belief.（6.歹出几个原因）模板作文三：社 会 问 题(现 象)式A.一个社会问题或者现象B.产生的原因C.对社会和我们生活的影响D.如何杜绝（如果是问题的话）E.前景的预测Nowadays,there exists an increasingly serious social/economic/environmentalproblem.（X has increasingly become

6、a common concern of the public）.According toa survey,（L用调查内容说明这种现象，或者是举一个例子）。There are a couple of reasons for this problem/phenomenon.（2.参照辩论式 议论文的写法）X has caused substantial impact on the society and our daily life,which has beenarticulated in the following aspects.（3.参照辩论式议论文的写法）A dozen of measur

7、es are supposed to take to prevent X from bringing us more harm.（4.参照辩论式议论文的写法）Based on the above discussions,I can easily forecast more and more people will.模板作文四：说明原因型Nowadays,there are more and more XX in some big cities.It is estimated that（1.用具体数据说明XX现象）。Why have there been so many XX?Maybe the

8、 reasons can be listed as follows.Thefirst one is that（2.表述原因一）。Besides,（3.表述原因二）。The third reason is（4.表述原因三）。To sum up,the main cause of XX is due to（5.指出主要原因）。It is high time thatsomething were done upon it.For one thing,（6.指出解决建议一）。On the otherhand,（7.指出解决建议二）。All these measures will certainly r

9、educe the number ofXX.范文：Generation Gap between Parents and ChildrenNowadays,there are more and more misunderstanding between parents and childrenwhich is so-called generation gap.It is estimated that 75 per cent of the parents oftencomplain their childrens unreasonable behavior while children usual

10、ly think theirparents too old-fashioned.Why has there been so much misunderstanding between parents and children?Maybethe reasons can be listed as follows.The first one is that the two generations,havinggrown up at different times,have different likes and dislikes,thus the disagreementoften rises be

11、tween them.Besides,due to having little in common to talk abort,theyare not willing to sit face to face.The third reason is with the pace of modern lifebecoming faster and faster,both of them are so busy with their work or study that theydont spare enough time to exchange ideas.To sum up,the main ca

12、use of generation gap is due to lack of communication andunderstanding.It is high time that something were done upon it.For one thing,children should respect their parents.On the other hand,parents should also showsolicitude for their children.All these measures will certainly bridge the generationg

13、ap.模板作文五：现象型（一）In recent years,it has caused a heated debate on（1.指出-一 种现象）。The factors for（2.引出因素）。First of all,（3.阐述第一个因素）。Then,there comes a case that（4.阐述第二中因素）。Moreover,（5.阐述第三种因素），especially when（6.提出条件）。Indeed,these unique points can be connected to remind people that（7.提出措施）。Inthis way,（8.达到

14、目标）。范文：The Impact of TelevisionIn recent years,with the development of science and technology,80 per cent of allfamilies in China have satellite TV,which provides as many as 50 channels.It hascaused a heated debate on the impact of television on children.Many parents areworried about the impact of s

15、o much television on children.The factors for parents,worry is that children indulge in television and spend toomuch time on it.First of all,with so many programs to choose from,children are notgetting as much exercise as they should.Then,there comes a case that some studieshave shown that excessive

16、 watching of television by millions of children has loweredtheir ability to achieve in school.Moreover,the effects on childrens minds are more serious than the effects onchildrens bodies,especially when they are too young to judge what programs aregood for them.Indeed,these unique points can be conn

17、ected to remind parents that they should payclose attention to and take the responsibility for supervising their childrens TVviewing.In this way,children will not be influenced too deeply.模板作文六：现象型（二）Currently,XX has been the order of the day.This does demonstrate thetheory-nothing is more valuable

18、than XX.It is clear that（1.叙述 XX 的第一个优点）。If you（2.支持 XX 的做法），as a result,your dreams will come true.On the contrary,if you（3.不支持 XX 的做法），failurewill follow you.It turns out that all your plan falls through.No one can deny another fact that（4.叙述 XX 的第二个优点）。You dont have tolook very far to find out th

19、e truth,in respect that we all know（5.举例证明优点二）。It will exert a profound influence upon（6,叙述与说明 XX 优点三的影响）。With reference to my standpoint,I think（7.阐明我的观点）。范文：The Importance of Self-confidenceCurrently,self-confidence has been the order of the day.This does demonstrate thetheory-nothing is more valu

20、able than self-confidence.It is clear that self-confidence means trust in ones abilities.If you are full ofself-confidence,it will bring your creative power to play,arouse your enthusiasm forwork,and help you overcome difficulties,as a result,your dreams will come true.Onthe contrary,if you have no

21、confidence in yourself,there is little possibility that youwould ever achieve anything.Failure will follow you.It turns out that all your planfalls through.No one can deny another fact that self-confidence gives you light when you are indark and encouragement when you are dismayed.You dont have to l

22、ook very far tofind out the truth,in respect that we all know the secret of Mercury lies inperseverance and self-confidence,the latter in particular.It will exert a profoundinfluence upon the achievement of ones ambitions.With reference to my standpoint,I think he who has self-confidence can have wh

23、at hewould like to have.模板作文七：原因分析和提出措施型（一）Most of us today（1.人们针对XX的态度和举措）。From the above,we can find that the reasons why（2.归纳现状）are as follows.The primary reason,I think,is（3.提出第一个原因）。Second,（4.提出第二个原因）。The third reason,actually,is（5.提出第三个原因）。It is significant to（6.重申改变现状的重要性）。Therefore,（7.说明应采取的

24、措施）。范文:PollutionMost of us today recognize that environmental pollution has been a serious problem.Lots of plants are destroyed by bad air.Many fish die of poisonous water.Thousandsof people die from eating poisoned fish or breathing in gas.Therefore,environmentalpollution should be responsible for

25、these diseases that are disabling,or bringingdeaths to not only human beings,but also wild life.From the above,we can find that the reasons why environment are polluted more andmore seriously are as follows.The primary reason,I think,is the reason of harmful substances into environment.Forexample,to

26、 prevent insects,farmers make use of great amounts of insecticides,so asto have bumper harvests.However,they pollute air,water and land.Second,the gascoming from the car engines and factories also make environment polluted badly.Thethird reason,actually,is the result of a growing population in the w

27、orld.Every day,somuch litter and waste pouring out from houses also pollute the environment.It is significance to control pollution and more effective measures should be taken.Therefore,new laws should be passed to limit the amount of pollutants from factories.Moreover,in the households,there is an

28、obvious need to reduce litter and waste.Lefsmake our great efforts,and the world will be a safer place for us to live.模板作文八：原因分析和提出措施型（二）These days we often hear that（1.提出论题）。It is common that（2.说明现状）。Why do such circumstances occur in spite of social protection?For one thing,（3.论及理由三）。For another,（

29、4.论及理由二）。What is more,since（5.论及理由三），it is natural that（6.阐述理由三引起的后果）。To solve the problem is not easy at all,but is worth trying.We should do somethingsuch as（7.提出解决方法）to improve the present situation,and I do believeeverything will be better in the future.范文：Pollution of EnvironmentThese days we o

30、ften hear that our living conditions are getting more and more seriousbecause of the destruction of our environment.It is common that many trees andanimals are near extinction,and the food chain has been destroyed.Why do such circumstances occur in spite of social protection?For one thing,thepopulat

31、ion of the world is increasing so rapidly that the world has been so crowded.For another,the overuse of natural resources has influenced the balance of naturalecology.What is more,since the Industrial Revolution,it is natural that a greatnumber of factories have been springing up like mushrooms.The

32、smoke and harmfulchemicals released from fectories also pollute the environment.To solve the problem is not easy at all,but is worthy.We should do something suchas planting more trees,equipping cars with improve the present situation,and I dobelieve everything will be better in the future.情景作文情景作文综观

33、历年的作文试题可以看出，对于情景作文的考查没有提纲式的多，主要体现在书信作文（2 0 0 5年、2 0 0 4年、2 0 0 3年6月，2 0 0 2年1月，2 0 0 1年6月）和演讲词写作（2 0 0 5年1月）等上。它要求考生根据要求提供的情景写作，情景安排在已经明确了写作的要点和细节，考生可以按照要求写一封信，或者一篇演讲稿，或者计划安排等。一般要求严格按照规定的情景写作，如时间、称呼、场合、落款等都有要求。（）写作步骤和技巧1）情景作文的关键是格式，必须严格按照要求的格式来写，如书信的格式、演讲稿的格式等。书信包括日期、称呼、正文、落款，演讲稿包括开头的称呼、引题、正文、句式的气势和

34、风格、中心思想等。2）情景作文的正文是核心，必须认真分析所给的细节和要求，理清情景设置的各个部分，然后确定文章的段落、内容和文体。3）每一个细节可以作为文章的一个段落层次，也可以几个细节合并成一个段落，但是不能偏离，也不能任意增减。4）其他的要求可以借鉴上面提纲式作文的步骤和技巧。（二）审题和构思根据下题写一篇不少于1 2 0词的作文：A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on Campus假设你是李明，请你就本校食堂的状况给校长写一封信，内容应涉及食堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务等，可以是批评建议，也可以

35、兼而有之。January 12th,2002Dear Mr.President,这是一封书信，所以这篇文章的大体框架已经限制为书信格式了，所以要按照书信的格式写作。1）首先确定对象即University President,文章中已经给出。2）确定书信的开关怎么写，一般是在第一段明确指出写信的目的是什么，如果是批评的话，可以直接说 I am writing to complain about the service provided byour university canteen,或者说 I am writing to show my dissatisfaction about theser

36、vice provided by our university canteeno当然还可以加上其他的一些客套话，或者在目的之前可以稍微介绍一下自己的背景情况，如I am a student from theSchool of Foreign Languages 等等。3）后面的段落可以从具体的方面如情景要求中的饭菜质量、价格、环境等组合成几个段落。当然可以参考前面提纲作文的写法，按照主题句、支持句组织结构。4）不管是赞扬还是批评，都应该注意语体的得体性和用词的准确性。5）以批评为例，各个段落的主题结构可以为：第一段讲我的第一个不满意是食堂饭菜的质量和味道还有待提高，应增加品种；第二段讲价格太高

37、，无法接受；第三段指出环境差，必须改进；信末应落款。A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on CampusJanuary 12 th,2002Dear Mr.President,Im very lucky to attend this world-famous university,but Fm afraid Im notcontent with the canteen service on campus.Firstly,the quality of the dishes should be improv

38、ed.Undoubtedly,there are a lotof delicious dishes,but all the year round,they are the same.More and more studentsare complaining about the same food day.So I think the most urgent problem isvariety.Secondly,the price is a bit too high.Many of us hope that the canteen can provideus with not only deli

39、cious but also cheap food.Finally,the cafeteria is so noisy that we cant enjoy our meals in good mood.Isuggest that there be some soft music to relax us.These suggestions are not just of my own,but also of many other students.Wehope our respectable president will pay attention to our suggestion.By t

40、he way,the canteen workers are very patient and always smiling.So I think ifour university offers them better conditions,they will offer us better service.Best wishes.Yours sincerely,Li Ming情景作文情景作文综观历年的作文试题可以看出，对于情景作文的考查没有提纲式的多，主要体现在书信作文（2005年、2004年、2003年6月，2002年1月，2001年6月）和演讲词写作（2005年1月）等上。它要求考生根据

41、要求提供的情景写作，情景安排在已经明确了写作的要点和细节，考生可以按照要求写一封信，或者一篇演讲稿，或者计划安排等。一般要求严格按照规定的情景写作，如时间、称呼、场合、落款等都有要求。（一）写作步骤和技巧1）情景作文的关键是格式，必须严格按照要求的格式来写，如书信的格式、演讲稿的格式等。书信包括日期、称呼、正文、落款，演讲稿包括开头的称呼、引题、正文、句式的气势和风格、中心思想等。2）情景作文的正文是核心，必须认真分析所给的细节和要求，理清情景设置的各个部分，然后确定文章的段落、内容和文体。3）每一个细节可以作为文章的一个段落层次，也可以几个细节合并成一个段落，但是不能偏离，也不能任意增减。4

42、）其他的要求可以借鉴上面提纲式作文的步骤和技巧。（二）审题和构思根据下题写一篇不少于120词的作文：A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on Campus假设你是李明，请你就本校食堂的状况给校长写一封信，内容应涉及食堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务等，可以是批评建议，也可以兼而有之。January 12th,2002Dear Mr.President,这是一封书信，所以这篇文章的大体框架已经限制为书信格式了，所以要按照书信的格式写作。1）首先确定对象即University President,文章中已经给出

43、。2）确定书信的开关怎么写，一般是在第一段明确指出写信的目的是什么，如果是批评的话，可以直接说 I am writing to complain about the service provided byour university canteen,或者说 I am writing to show my dissatisfaction about theservice provided by our university canteen0当然还可以加上其他的一些客套话，或者在目的之前可以稍微介绍一下自己的背景情况，如I am a student from theSchool of Foreig

44、n Languages 等等。3）后面的段落可以从具体的方面如情景要求中的饭菜质量、价格、环境等组合成几个段落。当然可以参考前面提纲作文的写法，按照主题句、支持句组织结构。4）不管是赞扬还是批评，都应该注意语体的得体性和用词的准确性。5）以批评为例，各个段落的主题结构可以为：第一段讲我的第一个不满意是食堂饭菜的质量和味道还有待提高，应增加品种；第二段讲价格太高，无法接受；第三段指出环境差，必须改进；信末应落款。A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on CampusJanuary 12 th,2002Dea

45、r Mr.President,Im very lucky to attend this world-famous university,but Fm afraid Im notcontent with the canteen service on campus.Firstly,the quality of the dishes should be improved.Undoubtedly,there are a lotof delicious dishes,but all the year round,they are the same.More and more studentsare co

46、mplaining about the same food day.So I think the most urgent problem isvariety.Secondly,the price is a bit too high.Many of us hope that the canteen can provideus with not only delicious but also cheap food.Finally,the cafeteria is so noisy that we cant enjoy our meals in good mood.Isuggest that the

47、re be some soft music to relax us.These suggestions are not just of my own,but also of many other students.Wehope our respectable president will pay attention to our suggestion.By the way,the canteen workers are very patient and always smiling.So I think ifour university offers them better condition

48、s,they will offer us better service.Best wishes.Yours sincerely,Li Ming图表式作文图表式作文这种题型在2002年6月出现过，是应用文的具体运用例子。这种题型的关键其实在于对各种图表的描述和说明以及对某一种图形变化趋势的详细描述。至于具体的步骤可适当参考前面的题型。下面着重就图表式作文中的几个关键问题作一个介绍。（一）常见图表的分类常见的图表大体有以下几种：柱形图（bar chart）、饼 图（pie chart）线形图（linegraph）、表 格（table）。（二）常见图表的描述词组的划分常见图表的描述词组存在着两个明显

49、的划分，一种是运动的（线形图与柱形图），一种是静止的（饼图与表格）。前者的切入点在描述趋势，后者则关注一种分配。在弄清楚了这个划分之后，我们就会对图表写作产生点感觉了。（三）运动图表的范畴和运动趋向对于运动图表，无论是什么题目的运动图表，无论题出得多难，我们都要清醒地认识到：即使是考官也逃不出如下5个范畴运动范畴、程度范畴、时间范畴、数据范畴与连接范畴。在运动范畴中存在着如下8种运动趋向。1）保 持 平 稳:套 用 结 构 有stay stable/remain steady 举例人口数量保持平稳：The number of population stayed stable.The numbe

50、r of population remained steady.2）上升、增加：套用结构有 rise/climb/increase/ascend/mount/aggrandize（增加）。举例人口上升：The number of population increased/ascended/mounted.3）下降、减少：套用结构有 fall/drop/decrease/descend/decline 举例人口减少：The number of population decreased/declined.4）下降后保持平稳：这个图形前面是向下的，后面是平的，在表示这个平的时候我们就不可以使用rem