高考英语语法考点解读：介词.pdf

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1、专题五介词耆藏翼萃介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一。使用频率相当高，用法多而杂，一个介词可能有多种不同的用法：一个相近的意思又可以用不同的介词表达。所以在一轮的备考中必须逐一掌握每个高频介词的用法；弄清楚易混介词的用法异同：能够根据具体语境灵活运用介词。常用介词、易错介词的辨析以及介词固定搭配的考查将是介词考查的主要方向。卷 点 瞬一、介词的分类与语法功能介词是虚词，不能单独作句子成分，必须与名词、代词(或相当于名词的其他词类或短语等)构成介词短语，在句中充当一个成分。介词分为：简单介词，如at,in,for等；合成介词，如within,inside,onto,throughout等；短语介词,如

2、 according to,out of,by means of,in spite of,instead of 等；双重介词，也 口 from behind/above/under,until after 等；分词介词,出 口 considering,including,judging(from/by)等。二、介词的意义1.表示时间的介词(1)in表示“在某一时间段”或“在某一时候”，如用在月、季、份、时代、世纪等时间名词的前面，或用来泛指一天的某一段时间。in也可以指“在之后”，表示从说话起的若干时间内。如：in July/summer/ancient timesThe bus will b

3、e here in ten minutes.(2)on表示“在特定的某一天“，也可用于带有修饰语的一天的某个时间段之前。如：onSaturday,on Saturday morning,on the morning of August 1st(3)a t表示“在某一时间点”，或用来表示不确定的时间和短期的假日、时节等。如：at six oclock,at Easter(4)over,through(out)两者均指“经 过 的 全 部 时 间 如：1Stay over the Christmas.(5)for与since:for表示动作或状态延续的全部时间长，为“长达”之意；since用于指从

4、过去特定的某个时刻到说话时为止的一段时间；含 有since时间短语的句子要用完成时，但含有for时间短语的句子不一定要用完成时。如：I have been there for six years.We have not seen each other since 1993.(6)during指“在时期/时间内“，必须接表示一段时间的词或词组作宾语。如：She was ill for a week,and during that week she ate little.2.表示地点的介词(1)above,below,over,under,on,on top of,beneath,undernea

5、th:above 和 below 分另U表示“高于 和 低于”的意思，不一定指垂直方向上的上下；over和under分别表示垂直方向上的上下或高低；on/on top o f和beneath/underneath表示“和表面相接触”意义上的上下。以上三组介词互为反义词。如：The temple stands on top of the hill.The pen is beneath the book.There is a lamp on the desk.(2)at,on,in:a t指小地点或集会场合；on表示线或面上的位置；in表示在立体、区域或环境内，特别是那些较大，能够容纳相应事物的环

6、境。如：He works at Peking University.Your radio is on the desk.Hes sitting in the sun.(3)between与among:between用来说明“在 两者之间”或“三个以上人或事物中的每两者之间的相互关系”；among用来说明“在三者以上之间”的相互关系；among可以用来表示没有确定数目的物体之间的相互关系。如：There is a small river between the two villages.The book is the best among these modern novels.The rela

7、tions between various countries are very important.3.表示原因的介词。(1)for常常表示褒贬、奖惩的原因或心理原因。如：They will reward you for your help.2(2)from和out o f常常表示动机或原因；through表示消极或间接的原因。如：He feels weak from lack of sleep.He broke down through overwork.4.表示目的的介词for和to都可以引导目的地。for表示拟定的接收人或目的，for跟在含有出发或开始意义的动词后，如：leave,se

8、t out,start,depart,sail等；to表示实际的接收人或目的，to跟在含有方向性的动词后,如：go,come,run,walk,move,fly,drive,ride 等。如：We have left for Hong Kong.He flew to America via Hong Kong.5.表示“关于”的介词一 般aboul用于比较随便的谈话或非正式的文体；o n用于正式的讲话、著作或报告中；of用于动词talk,read,know,hear等的后面。如:What are you talking about?in terms of natural resources6.

9、表示原料的介词o f和out o f表示制成品的材料仍保持原材料的性质；from表示制成品已失去了原材料的性质。如：His house was built of brick.He made these toys out of old cigar-boxes.Steel is made from iron.7.表示价格的介词a t和for都可表示价格，at仅表示价格；for还 表 示 交 换 如：Eggs are sold at 95 cents a dozen here.I bought it for five pounds.三、常见的介词搭配1.“介词+名词”型(1)in+名词in adva

10、nce 在前头，事先，预先in case 口 果，万一in charge 主管，掌管，看管3in common 共有，共同，公有in demand 有需要的in doubt 感到疑惑的，难以确定的in effect 实际上，生效in fact 事实上in order 按序，井然有序，情况良好；恰当in progress 进行中in return 作为回报in turn 依次，替换地；相应地，转而in vain 徒劳(2)o n+名词on guard在值勤on leave 在休假on holiday 在假on strike 罢工on sale 出售on loan 借贷on+the+名词on th

11、e move 在移动，搬迁；离开on the march 在行军on the flow 在涨潮on the increase 正在增加on the go 正在活动，正在奔走on the air 正在广播on the fly 正在飞行(3)beyond+名词beyond ones power 是某人力所不及的beyond praise 夸不胜夸4beyond one*s reach 够不着beyond description 难以形容beyond words 无法用语言形容beyond doubt 无疑beyond one*s understanding 无法理解(4)under+名词under

12、 development 在发展中under observation 在观察中under test 在测试中under construction 在建设中under examination 在检查(调查)中under consideration 在 考虑中under repair 在修理中(5)at+名词at length详细地，长时间at sea茫然at will任意地at work在上班at lunch在吃午饭at rest在休息at table在吃饭at school上at church做礼拜at peace处于和平状态(6)out of+名词out of breath 上气不接下气ou

13、t of balance失去平衡5out of date 过时out of patience 不耐烦out of control 失去控制out of business 破产out of style 过时，不时髯out of the ordinary 不寻常的out of touch 失去联系2.复杂介词型(1)表示原因(通常在句中作状语)，意为“由于，因为because o f:表示实际原因(表达一种较强的因果关系)：on account o f:常用来引述逻辑、理性和事实因素。(2)表示“除之外”。with the exception of=except,except fbr”除.之 夕

14、卜”；apart from(=美式英语中的aside from)是个复合介词，既可表示“除.之外”，相当于except(for),又可以表示“除.之外，(还,也)“，相当于besides:in addition to除.之外(还，也)“，相当于 besideso(3)表示“有关，关于”。conceming=regarding”关于，就.而论，在.方面“；with respect to”关于，就.而言“；as for和as to用于句首时表示 至于(4)表示“在之前ahead of=in advance o f,可表示“(在空间或时间上比某人或某事物)更前，更早”，还可表示“领先，优于“；in

15、front o f多指空间的前后关系，“在.前方(5)表示“支持，赞成”。in support o f维护，支持，支援；in favor o f可指某人“支 持,赞成”,也可指事物“有利于(6)表示“鉴于，由于；根据，按照6in the light o f 按照,考虑到in terms o f 就.而言，谈到according t o 根据：按照in view o f 鉴于，因为(7)表示“尽管”。in spite o f 尽管，不管3.“形容词+介词”型at 前的 adj.:angry,good,bad,surprised,excited,puzzled 等。of 前的 adj.:afrai

16、d,sure,certain,full,tired,fond,proud,worthy 等。with 前的 adj.:angry,strict,busy,careful,popular,patient 等。in 前的 adj.:strict,weak,interested,successful,rich 等。to 前的 adj.:polite,kind,cruel,rude,close,available 等。fbr 前的 adj.:sorry,famous,fit,unfit,eager,anxious,(be)hungry/thirsty 等。from 前的 adj.:far,differ

17、ent,free,safe 等。about 前的 adj.:worried,anxious,careful,curious 等。4.“名词+介词”型the key/answer/visit/apology/introduction/way.to;wislVdesire/prize/respect.for;pity/mercy/congratulation/effect/advice/impression/influence.on1.【误】Sometimes our opinions differ because what we choose to observe and how we deal

18、with what weve observed.【正】Sometimes our opinions differ because of what we choose to observe and how we dealwith what weve observed.【解析】because是连词，其后接句子；而 because o f是短语介词，其后接名词、代词、动名词或名词性从句等。2.【误】一How long have you been an actor?一 In 1995,when I graduated from college.7【正】一How long have you been a

19、n actor?一 Since 1995,when I graduated from college.【解析】结合问句的语境，只 有since能回答问句所提出的问题。3.【i吴】In those days,we had no phones,so we had to keep in touch with writing often.【正】In those days,we had no phones,so we had to keep in touch by writing often.【解析】by在这里表示方式，by writing意为“通过写信1.The fashion show was be

20、ing a failure.It was a success.A,far from B.along withC.next to D.in case【解析】A far from远非.。along with与.一道（又），连同.一起,随同一起；next to次于，紧挨着；in case如果，万一。2.It saves time in the dining room to have things you use a lot easy reach.A.near B.upon C.within D.around【解析】C 考查固定用法：within easy reach在容易够到.的地方；在.的附近。句

21、意为：在餐厅里把常用到的东西放到容易够到的地方会节省很多时间。3.1彳哥建卷 How amazing it is that astronauts are exploring outer space!Its a challenge,I guess,man against nature.A.of B.for C.by D.about【解析】A 考查介词辨析。答句中的I guess是插入语，因此所填介词与challenge连用，构成 a challenge of 结构。4.1全国卷 I Everybody was touched words after they heard her moving s

22、tory.A.beyond B.without C.of D.in【解析】A 句意为：听到她感人的故事后，人人都感动得难于言表。beyond超出；越过。85.重庆卷Try on this red skirt;you will look great it.A.on B.by C.in D.for【解析】C 考查介词的用法。sth.be on sb.衣服穿在某人身上：sb.be(look)in sth.某人穿着什么衣服。由此可知答案为C。6.陕西卷He invited me to a dance after the s h o w Christmas Eve.A.at B.on C.in D.by

23、【答案】B7.Modern equipment and no smoking are two of the things I like working here.A.w汕 B.over C.at D.about【解析】D 句意为：关于在这里工作，我喜欢的两件事情是现代化设备和禁止吸烟。abou俨有关，关于，符合题意。8.If you really have to leave during the meeting,youd better leave the back door.A.for B.by C.across D.out【解析】B 句意为：如果你确实要在会议期间离开，那么你最好从后门离开。

24、“从后门”by the back door for表示原因；across意为“穿 过,横 穿“；out意为“在外面”，三者均不符合句意。9.Alice entered silently and s a n k a chair.A.on B.off C.into D.to【解析】C 句意为：爱丽斯默默地进来，坐在了椅子上。sink into a chair颓然坐在椅子上。10.When did you last hear Jay?一He phoned me this morning,and we agreed a time and place to meet.A.of;to B.about;wi

25、thC.from;with D.from;on【解析】D hear about/of听到有关.,听说；hear from收至U.的来信，得知某人的9消息;agree on sth.在.方面取得一致意见;agree to do sth.同意做某事;agree to sth.同意（计划、安排、方案等）；agree with sb.同意某人（的意见）。11.四川卷Tired,Jim was fast asleep with his back a big tree.A.in B.below C.beside D.against【解析】D 考查介词词义辨析。背靠着树睡着了，against表示“倚，靠”。

26、12.江西卷Nowadays some hospitals refer to patients name,not case number.A.of B.as C.by D.with【解析】C 考查介词惯用法。byname按名字叫。句意为：现在一些医院提到病人叫名字而不是病例号。13.If you do not use your English the classroom you will forget that English you know.A.within B.beyond C.in D.over【解析】B within等 于in都表示“在.里面“；over指在.上面“；beyond表示

27、位置，意为“在之 外 根 据 句 意“走出教室你如果不用英语的话，”可知答案为B。14.北京卷Would you mind not picking the flowers in the garden?They are everyone*senjoyment.A.in B.at C.for D.to【解析】C 本题考查介词。根据句子意思“这些花是让每个人欣赏的“，可知用for表示目的。15.all kinds of difficulties,the workers have made rapid progress in the construction of theWorld Expo in S

28、hanghai.A.With B.For C.Under D.Beyond【解析】A 本题考查介词。句意为：尽管有很多困难，工人们在上海的世博会建筑中取得了很大的进展。with尽管，虽然。101.【天津十二所重点校联考】economic,political and cultural differences,it is difficult forChina and America to fully understand each other.A.In spite of B.Regardless of C.On account of D.In terms of【答案】C2.（北京海淀区高三二模）T

29、he woman pulled her hat low down her eyes in order not to berecognized by the angry crowds.A.under B.below C.on D.over【答案】D3.【四川泸州市二诊】After the robbery,the shop fixed an alarm system further losses.A.for B.against C.from D.to【答案】B4.【唐山市二模】Im going to London and my sisters g o i n g.A.in a hurry B.in

30、 fact C.as well D.as a result【答案】C5.（河北正定中第一次月考）17.The professor devoted all his life the treatment of AIDS.A to research B.in researching C.to researching D.at researching【答案】C6.（河北正定中第一次月考）15.They experimented the new medicine animals.A.on;to B by;on C.with;on D with;to【答案】C7.（唐山市摸底）20.You had bet

31、ter not discuss the problem at the meeting.You may discuss itteaA.in B.at C.for D.over【答案】D8.（重庆师大附中第一次月考）35.To save the drowning child,the boy plunged into the icy waterwithout h e s ita tio n,h is own safety.A.despite of B.regardless of C.unaware of D.because of【答案】B119.（浙江温州十校联考）19.We may be goin

32、g skiing at Christmas,but its still all up.Well probably make the decision the day after tomorrow.A,in the wild B.in the distanceC.in the air D.in the long run【答案】C考查短语的含义。此 处up in the air意为：悬而未决。10.（浙江温州八校返校联考）27.Some classmates are against my plan while the majority are_ it.A.in view of B.in favor

33、 of C.in honor of D.in memory of【答案】B11.（浙江军中第一次月考）30.Many of the scientists and engineers are judged how greattheir achievements are.A.in spite of B.in charge of C.in favor D.in terms of【答案】D12.（广西玉林、南宁二中 9 月联考）29.Shall we visit Jim tonight?OK.To make sure that hes in,wed better call him up.A.in ex

34、change B.in return C.in brief D.in advance【答案】D13.（广西玉林、南宁二中 9 月联考）30.ril take it if you reduce the price by 30%.But its my power to sell it cheaper.A.beyond B.without C.off D.against【答案】A14.（云南昆明一中第一次月考）6.The fridge produced by Haier is high quality and is notexpensive either.A.in B.for C.to D.of【答

35、案】D15.（云南昆明一中第一次月考）9.Once made out,the law must be carried out anydifficulty.A.regardless of B.instead of C.because of D.in need of【答案】A16.（浙江杭州西湖中检测）33.The coach,because of the drivers carelessness,was12and crashed over the cliff on such a cold December morning.A.in support B.out of controlC.in cha

36、rge D.at the mercy【答案】B17.（湖南长沙一中第一次月考）32.She is being pleased about it;she is very angry.A.free from B.free of C.out of D.far from【答案】D18.（四川成者“市摸底）34.These toys are not suitable for children four years old,who aretoo young.A.outside B.beyond C.under D.within【答案】C19.（湖南雅礼中第一次月考）35.the extremely hot

37、 weather,we continued havingclasses.A.Thanks to B.In addition to C.In defence of D.Regardless of【答案】D考查考查短语的用法。句意：不管天气多热，我们仍继续上课。20.（湖南雅礼中第一次月考）21.What do you mean saying that Pm lucky?A.at B.on C.by D.of【答案】C21.We are not prepared to compromise the price of the computer.A.with B.between C.on D.in【答

38、案】C22.（四川成都外国语校 9 月考）25.Barack Obama has taken personal blame the securityfailures which led the attempt to blow up a plane on Christmas Day.A.of;to B.for;to C.on;on D.in;on【答案】B23.（河南实验中第一次月考）26.The boy talked his mother buying him a homecomputer.A.of B.over C.to D.into【答案】D24.（河南实验中第一次月考）24 To enj

39、oy the scenery,Sara would spend long hours on the train13travel by air.A.as to B.other than C.instead of D.rather than【答案】D25.（河南实验中第一次月考）31.In China,all the students work hard at school goingto university for higher education in the future.A.in the habit of B.in the hope ofC.in search of D.in honor

40、 of【答案】B26.（广西桂林中第一次月考）32.His bestknown work that is_ all praise can be seen in themuseum.A.with B.beyond C.without D.within【答案】B27.（贵州遵义四中第一次月考）11.一Are you free after school?Sorry:Tve planned to treat a friend of mine to dinner for his help.A.in terms B.in honor C.in turn D.in return【答案】D28.（宁夏银川一中第一次月考）34.money,the man was very rich,but he was not happy atall.A.In spite of B.In favor of C.In terms of D.In need of【答案】C29.（桂林十八校第一次月考）23.This stranger is familiar this area.A.to B.for C.with D.in【答案】C考查介词的用法。解题关键：掌握短语bemiliarwith“对。熟悉。“14