高考英语动词辨析及考点归纳.pdf

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1、常考美错劭祠辩析及为考题精球一、辨别拼写相近的词语这类动词有：lie（位于，在）,lie（散谎）与 lay（放置，下蛋）;find（找到，发现）与 found（成立，建立）;share（分享）与 spare（抽出，匀出，腾出）等。如：Let Harry play with your toys as well,Clare-you must learn to.（全国卷）A.supportC.spareB.careD.share【分析】答案选D。让 Harry和你玩你的玩具，这是“分享（share）”。二、动词与主语的搭配1.All the leading newspapers the trade

2、talks between China and theUnited States.（全国卷）A.reported B.printedC.announced D.published【分析】答案选A。“主要报纸report（报道广中美贸易会谈。print卸 刷）;announce（宣布）；publish（出版）。2.Words me when I wanted to express my thanks to him for havingsaved my son from the burning house.（上海卷）A.failed B.leftC.discouraged D.disappoint

3、ed【分析】答案选A。words fail me是惯用语,与I cannot find words相当,意为“我无法用语言来表达（自己的感情等）”。三、动词与介词的搭配1.As we joined the big crowd I got from my friends.（全国卷）A.separated B.sparedC.lost D.missed 分析答案选A o只有separated能与from连用：get/be separated from与分散了。2.Mary finally Bruce asher life-long companion（伴侣）.（上海卷）A.received B.a

4、cceptedC.made D.honored【分析】答案选B。能与as搭配的有accept和honor,但由句思可知用accept：accept.as.认可.是.；honored.as.尊敬.为.。四、动词与名词的搭配1.The three sisters decided to hold a family party to their parentssilver wedding.（上海春招）A.celebrate B.memorizeC.congratulate D.welcome【分析】答案选A o动词celebrate（庆祝）与名词their parents5 silverwedding

5、（父母亲的银婚）搭配恰当。memorize记住；congratulate祝贺；welcome 欢迎。2.A man is being questioned in relation to the murder last night.（江苏卷）A.advised B.attendedC.attempted D.admitted【分析】答案选C。the attempted murder企图谋杀犯。advise建议；attend出席，注意，照顾；attempt企图；admit允许某人进来，接受某人入学，容纳，承认。3.If anybody calls,tell them Im out,and ask

6、them to their namesand address.（全国卷）A.pass B.writeC.take D.leave【分析】答案选D。leave their name and address留下姓名和地址。4.If no one the phone at home,ring me at work.（全国卷）A.returnsC.answersB.repliesD.receives【分析】答案选C。answer the phone/the door bell接 电 话/听到门铃后去开门。5.The captain an apology to the passengers for th

7、e delay caused bybad weather.（全国卷）A.made B.saidC.put D.passed【分析】答案选A。make an apology to sb.for sth.因某事给某人道歉。6.1 learned to a bicycle as a small boy.（全国卷）A.drive B.rideC.operate D.run【分析】答案选B。ride a bicycle/horse骑自行车/马drive a car开（驾驶）汽 车operate（或run）a machine/a factory开动机器/管理工厂；run经营。7.一 When shall

8、we start?Let it 8:30.Is that all right?（北京卷）A.set B.meetC.make D.take【分析】答案选C。“make it+时间”意为“就定在什么时间吧”。8.一 The cars give off a great deal of waste gas into streets.一 Yes.But Im sure something will be done to air pollution.（Jl海卷）A.reduce B.removeC.collect D.warn【分析】答案选Ao reduce air pollution降低污染。remo

9、ve移开；collect收集;warn警告。五、近义词的细微差别这类动词有：表示 看”的 see,watch,notice,observe,glance,stare；表示“说”的 say,speak,tell,talk；君 花费”的 spend,cost,take,pay；表 变化”的 turn,get,become,go,grow;表示“适合 的 suit,fit,meet,satisfy;表示“继续/延续 的 continue,last,keep;表示“收到/接受 的 receive,accept;表示 携带 的 bring,take,fetch,carry 等。如：1.On hearin

10、g the news of the accident in the local mine,shepale.（湖北卷）A.gotC.wentB.changedD.appeared【分析】答案选C。g。作系动词，多指人或事物变得不好的场合，如：g。bad/sour/mad/blind/pale（食物）变 质/变 酸/变 疯/变 瞎/变得苍白，但不与old,tired,ill,angry等词连用。get常用于口语，多指身体、天气、情感等方面的变化，如：get well/fat/cold/angry/worried变 好/变 胖/变 冷/生 气/忧虑；appear作系动词，意为“好像、似乎”；chan

11、ge不作系动词，后面不接形容词。2.He teacher after graduation.（天津卷）A.become B.turnedC.grown D.passed【分析】答案选B。turn和become后都可接名词，但turn后的单数名词前通常不要冠词；grow着重渐变的过程，且多指由小变大或由少变多，反之则用becomeo3.The evening news comes on at seven o?clock and only thirtyminutes.（四川卷）A.keeps B.continuesC.finishesD.lasts【分析】答案选Do欧 keep指保持某种状态，不用

12、来指持续多久;finishes是短暂性动词，不与时间段连用；continue虽可指持续多久，但时间段前通常要用for；而last表示持续多久，其后的时间段前通常省略for。4.If you are feeling so tired,perhaps a little sleep woul d.（浙江卷）A.act B.helpC.serve D.last【分析】答案选B。因为serve（服务）和last（持续）很容易排除。help意为“有帮助，有用，减轻，补救；而act则意为“起作用，生效（二produce an effect;work）”。显然，前者是起好作用，而后者则不一定，因此，B最佳。5

13、.How about eight oclock outside the cinema?（全国卷）That me fine.A.fits B.meetsC.satisfies D.suits【分析】答案选D。fit（=be the right size or shape for）指衣物鞋帽等的形状大小“合适，合身；satisfy指“达到”要求或“符合”条件、“满足”需 要/欲望/好奇心等；meet（二satisfy）,指“符合、满足”需 要/要 求/条 件/愿望等；suit表示“符合”某人的需要或要求(=satisfy)、衣服或发型等“适合于“某 人(=look attractive on sb

14、.)、“对某人方便或合某人心意”(二beconvenient for sb.)o句意是：那对我很方便或这很合我的意。6.John was late for the business meeting because his flight had beenby a heavy storm.(辽宁卷)A.kept B.stoppedC.slowed D.delayed【分析】答案选D。delay在句中意为“使.迟 到/延误”(二cause sb.to belate),另外还有“推迟”(=put off)之意。keep使某人耽搁或耽误(二hold back,prevent)；stop 使停止或阻止;s

15、low 使变慢或减速(=make or become slower)o7.一 Do you think the Stars will beat the Bulls?一 Yes.They have better players,so I them to win.（全国卷）A.hopeC.expectB.preferD.want【分析】答案选C。根据“他们有更优秀的运动员 可以“预料(expect)”他们会赢，而 不 是“更喜欢(prefer)”或“想 要(want)”他们赢。hope不可接sb.to do sth.o8.him and then try to copy what he does.

16、(全国卷)A.Mind B.Glance atC.Stare at D.Watch【分析】答案选D。模仿前需要“观察(watch)”，而不是“快速地看一下(glance)”或“盯着看(stare)”，更不是“照看(mind)”。9.They the train until it disappeared in the distance.（全国卷）A.saw B.watchedC.noticed D.observed【分析】答案选B。由until可知，要用延缓性动词，排除A和C；watch表示“注视，观看”活动变化的人或物，observe表示“仔细观察（=watch careful）”。10.一

17、What did you think of her speech?一 She for one hour but didnt much.（全国卷）A.spoke;speakC.said;speakB.spoke;sayD.said;say【分析】答案选B。speak除可接表示语言的名词作宾语外，一般作不及物动词，且着重说话的动作过程；say是及物动词，着重说话的内容。第一空后无宾语，用 spoke,第二空后有代词much作宾语，用 say。11.Some passengers complain that it usually so long to fill in travelinsurance

18、documents.（上海卷）A.costsC.spendsB.takesD.spares【分析】答案选B。能用形式主语句式的只有cost和take；又因cost一般只以钱作宾语，而take既可用钱又可用时间作宾语。12.It seems difficult t o h u r t from injure“in meaning.（上海春）A.judge B.tellC.divide D.separate【分析】答案选B。四个选项都可与from搭配，要从各自的意义去区分:tell A from B 分辨 A 和 B ojudge A from B 根据 B 来判断 A；divide/separa

19、teA from B把A和B分 隔/分 离 开。(13)一May I speak to Mr.Thomas,please?一Im afraid he isnt in.Would you like to a message?(上海卷)A.take B.writeC.leave D.tell 分析】答案选 Co leave a message 留个 口信；take a message for sb.给某人捎个口信。六、在特定语境中考查动词的意义与用法试题所给四个选项在意义或用法上相差较大，需要根据上下文的意思，即语境来确定一个正确选项。如：1.一How do you we go to Beijin

20、g for our holidays?一I think wed better fly there.Its much more comfortable.（福建卷）A.insist B.wantC.suppose D.suggest【分析】答案选D。从答语I think wed better.可知,上文是在征求意见或请提建议，所以选D。2.Will$200?Pm afraid not.We need at least 50 more dollars.（湖 1 匕 卷）A.count B.satisfyC.fitD.do【分析】答案选D。从答语可知，是问是否“够了”，表示“够了，合适，要用 do(=

21、be enough,be suitable)03.They see you as something of a w o r r ie r,p r o b le m s which dontexist and crossing bridges long before you come to them.(重庆卷)A.setting B.discoveringC.seeing D.designing【分析】答案选C。根据句意“他们把你看成是一个杞人忧天的人，常常考虑一些并不存在的问题，为那些尚未发生的事情而烦恼。”可知，只有see才有“考虑”之意。set设置；discover发现；design设计。

22、4.The taxi driver often remains passengers to their belongings whenthey leave the car.（全国卷）A.keep B.catchC.hold D.take【分析】答案选D。乘客下车时，司机提醒乘客把自己的东西“带走（take）”。5.1 love to go to the seaside in summer.It good to lie in the sun orswim in the cool sea.（全 国卷）A.doesC.getsB.feelsD.makes【分析】答案选B。由good可知应选系动词，排

23、除A 和 D；躺在阳光下或在凉爽的海水里游泳“感觉(feel)”真好，而非“变得(get)”好。6.Youre_国卷）A.spendingC.losingyour time trying to persuade him;hell never join us.（全B.wastingD.missing【分析】答案选B o可接time（in）doing sth.的有spend（花费）和waste（浪费）；由“他决不会加入我们”可知“你试图劝服他”是“浪费（waste）”时间。7.1 can you to the market in my car.（全国卷）A.send B.pickC.ride D.

24、take【分析】答案选D。由in my car可知是“我”用车带你去市场，表示“带某人到.”用take sb.to.。send送或派（但本人是不去的），与in my car矛盾。8.一Mummy,can I put the peaches in the cupboard?一No,dear.They dont well.Put them in the fridge instead.（北京卷）A.keep B.fitC.get D.last【分析】答案选A。指食物保持良好，用 keep。fit合身；get变成;last持续多久。9.Have a good rest;you need to your

25、 energy for the tennis matchthis afternoon.（北京卷）A.leave B.saveC.hold D.take【分析】答案选Bo save（二keep sth.for future use）储蓄。save ones energy/strength积蓄力量/留着劲儿。leave离开，留下；hold保持（姿态）。10.Why havent you bought any butter?一 I to,but I forgot about it.（北京卷）A.liked B.wishedC.meant D.expected【分析】答案选C。由but I forgo

26、t about it.可知“原本打算”去买的，表示“打算做某事 用mean to do sth。11.Nick is looking for another job because he feels that nothing he doeshis boss.（北京卷）A.serves B.satisfiesC.promises D.supports【分析】答案选B。句意：Nick要找另一份工作，因为他感到他做的没有一样事使老板满意的。表示“使某人满意 用satisfy s b.。12.The thing that is not whether you fail or not,but wheth

27、er you tryor not.（上海卷）A.matters B.caresC.considers D.minds【分析】答案选A。matter（二is important）要紧、重要。that matters是定语从句。七、动词的句型搭配1.Theyve us$150,000 for the house.Shall we take it?（湖南卷）A.provided B.suppliedC.shown D.offered【分析】答案选D o能接双宾语的只有show和offer,但show sb.sth.（给某人看某物）与句意不符，只有。ffer正确。顺便说说，此 句 与 朗文英汉双解词典

28、offer词条中的一个例句几乎一样:Theyve offered us$75,000 forthe house.Should we take it?表示“给某人提供某物”的句型是：provide/supply sb.with sth.；或providesth.for sb./supply sth.to sb。2.We each other the best of luck in the examination.(全国卷)A.hoped B.wantedC.expected D.wished【分析】答案选D。选项中能接双宾语的只有wisho want/expect(sb.)todo sth.；h

29、ope to do sth.或 hope that.3.Go and join in the p a r t y.i t to me to do the washing-up.（上海卷）A.Get B.RemainC.Leave D.Send【分析】答案选C。leave sth.to sb.把某事物留给某人。题中it是形式宾语，真兵语是to do.4.The manager has to improve the working conditions in thecompany.（上海卷）A.accepted B.allowedC.permittedD.agreed【分析】答案选D。选项中只有a

30、gree后可以接to d o,表示“同意做.L5.1 dont know the restaurant,but its to be quite a good one.（全国卷）A.saidC.spokenB.toldD.talked【分 析】答 案 选A。sb./sth.be said to.据说某人或某物。附：常 用 动 词 辨 析（预习内容）1.raise,riseraise 及物动词，rise 不及物动词 The sun rises in the east.2.bring,take,carry,fetchbring拿来，take带走，carry随身携带，fetch去回这一往返动作fetc

31、h a box of chalk3.spend,take,pay,costspend人做主语,花钱，花时间；spend.on sth./in doing sth;take物做主语，花时间；pay人做主语，花钱，pay for;cost物做主语，花钱4.join,join in,take part injoin加入某个组织，并成为其中的一员；join in参加小型的活动,join sb.in；take part i n参加大型的活动Hejoined the army five years ago.5.learn,studylearn学习，侧重学习的结果，study学习，侧重学习的过程，研究stu

32、dy the problem6.want,hope,wishwant 打算,想要,want to do,want sb.to do,hope 希 望（通常可以实现）,hope to do/hope thatwish 希望（通常不能实现）wish（sb.）to do,wish sb/sth.+n.I wish you success.7.discover,invent,find outdiscover发现本来存在但不为人所知的东西，invent发明本来不存在的物体，find out发现，查 明 At last hefound out the truth.8.answer,replyanswer及

33、物动词,reply不及物动词,后 接 to reply to the letter9.leave,leave forleave 离开,leave for 前往 He left Beijing for Shanghai.10.rob,stealrob 抢劫 rob sb.of sth.,steal 偷 steal sth.from sb.11.shoot,shoot atshoot 射 死,shoot at 瞄准，但不一定射中 He shot the bird and it died.12.drop,falldrop 及物不及物均可，fall 不及物动词 Prices fell/dropped.

34、He dropped his voice.13.search,search forsearch 后接地点，search for 后接东西 He searched his pocket for money.14.used to,be used toused to 过去常常,be used to 习惯于，后接 sth./doing sth.被用来，后接 do sth.He is used to getting up early.15.win,lose,beatwin 后接 s th.,反义词为 lose,beat 后接 sb.win the game,beat them16.live on,liv

35、e bylive on 以.为主食，liveby 靠.谋生 live on fish/live by fishing17.beat,hit,strikebeat连续性地击打；hit打中，对准打；strike打一下或若干下beat the wings18.meet,meet withmeet 遇到，meet with 体验到，遭遇到 meet with an accident19.lose,misslose 失 去（具体的物体），错过 sth.is lost,lose the chance；miss 想念，错过 sth.is missing,miss the chance20.be tired

36、of,be tired with/frombe tired of 厌烦.，be tired with/from 因为.而累了 be tired with/from running 800 meters21.care about,care forcare about关心，计较，在乎，一般多用于否定句中；care for关心，照料，喜欢，愿 意He doesnt care abouthis clothes.I dont care for movies.22.catch a cold,have a coldcatch a cold不能和表示 一段时间 的状语连用，而have a cold可以She

37、has had a cold for a week.23.change for,change intochange for 调换成，change into 变成 Change the shirt for a bigger one.Water changes into ice.24.continue,last二者均为持续，continue 主动，被动均可，last 只能用主动 The war continued/lasted five years.The story is tobe continued.25.feed,raisefeed 喂养，养活，饲 养(to give food to),ra

38、ise 饲养，养 育(cause to grow,bring up children)raise the family26.go for a doctor,go to a doctorgo for a doctor 去请医生，go to a doctor 去看病27.notice,observe,catch sight ofnotice 注意到，observe 观察，仔细地看，catch sight of 突然看到 observe the stars28.insist on,stick toinsist on 坚持要求，后常接 doing,stick to 坚持，后常接 sth.stick t

39、o the plan29.look,seem,appearlook指从外表上看，seem指内心的判断，appear指给人以表面的印象appear wise,look like his father30.gather,collectgather把分散的东西集中到一起，collect指精心地、有选择地进行收集collect stamps31.mean to do,mean doingmean to do 打算，想要做某事，mean doing 意思是，意味着 By this I mean giving the students more practice.32.die from,die ofdie

40、 from表示死于（枪）伤，虚弱，过度劳累，饮食过度等，die of表示死于疾病，饥饿，寒冷，年老，忧愁，失恋等精神因素die of hunger and cold33.pay for,pay back,pay offpay for 为付钱，pay back 还钱，但不一定还清，pay off 还清 pay for the book,pay off the debt34.divide,separatedivide把一个整体分成几部分，separate把连在一起的个体分开divide the apple,separate the houses35.arrive,get,reacharrive不及

41、物动词，后接in（大地点），at（小地点），get不及物动词后接to,reach及物动词arrive in Beijing,get to Beijing,reach Beijing36.grow,plantgrow使某种植物在某地生长着或使其发展下去，plant移植，移栽已经长成秧苗的植物plant the trees,treesare growing37.manage,trymanage to do 设法做成了某事，try to do 尽力去做某事但不一定成功 He tried to pass the exam,but he failed.38.choose,selectchoose凭个人的

42、判断力进行选择，select有目的地仔细认真地选择choose the best answer39.build,put up,set up,foundbuild一般用语，建成，put u p临时搭建，set up建成（内部的设施基本齐全），found国家或组织的建成putup a tent,set up a school40.be familiar to,be familiar withbe familiar to 某物对某人来说是熟悉的，be familiar with 某人熟悉某物 The book is familiar to me.Imfamiliar with the book.41

43、.agree with,agree to,agree onagree w ith同意某人，agree to同意某事，agree on在t达成一致意见，主语是复数agree with you,agree tothe plan42.throw to,throw atthrow to 扔至（.，throw at 朝.扔 He throw a stone at me.43.receive,acceptreceive 收到某一东西，但不一定接受，accept 接受 I received a gift,but I didnt accept it.44.wear,put on,dresswear 和 dre

44、ss 表状态,wear 接衣服等，可用进行时,dress 接人,be dressed in,put on 表动作 Its cold outside.Puton your warm clothes.45.listen,hearlisten 强调动作，hear 强调结果 I listened,but I heard nothing.46.look,see,watchlook看的动作，see看的结果，watch强调所看物体的变化、移动和发展watch TV47.lie,laylie 躺,位于(lay,lain),说谎(lied,lied),lay 平放(laid,laid)lay the book4

45、8.work as,act aswork a s 工作是，act a s 充当某种职务或身份，或扮演某种角色He works as a teacher.He acts as aninterpreter.59.move,removemove 动一动，但不一定移走，remove 从一处移到另一处 remove the table to the kitchen50.hurt,injure,woundhurt感情上受伤，injure事故中受伤，wound战争中受伤He was wounded in the war.51.turn,get,growturn表突变，后常接表颜色的词，get强调变的结果，g

46、row强调过程，逐渐的变化turn yellow,get tired,growbig52.close,shut,turn offclose和shut当关解时可以通用，用于可开合的物体，turn off用于指有开关的物体Close/Shut the door.Turnoff the TV.53.set out,set about,set off指出发，着手解时，set o u t后 接to do,set about后接doing,set o ff后 接for sp.54.begin,startbegin侧重时间的开始，反义词为end,start侧重由静到动的转折，反义词为stop Class begins at 7:30a.m.55.happen,take placehappen偶然性的没有预料到的事情的发生，take place必然性的发生Great changeshave taken place in my hometown.