导航考研-考研英语模卷三套题,王文轲考研英语.pdf

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1、Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D onANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)Everyone seems to be in favor of progress.But“progress”is a funny word.It doesnt _ 1_ mean thatsomething has become stronger,wiser or better.It si

2、mply means changing it from being one thing to another andsometimes it _ 2_ out to be worse than before.3_ medicine,for instance.No one can deny that medical progress has enriched our lives tremendously.Because of medical _ 4,we eat better,live easier and are able to take care of ourselves more effi

3、ciently.We cancure disease with no more than one injection _ 5 a pill.If we have a serious accident,surgeons can put us6 together again.If we are born _ 7_ something defective,they can repair it.They can make us happy,restore our sanity,ease our pain,replace _ 8 parts and give us children.They can e

4、ven bring us back from thedead.These are wonderful achievements,but there is a _ 9 we have to pay.Because medicine has reduced infant mortality and natural death so significantly,the population has been_ 10_ steadily,in spite of serious _ 11 _ to reduce the rate of population growth.Less than a cent

5、ury ago in theUnited States,infant mortality _ 12_ more than half of her newborn _ 13_ the first year of life.Medicaladvances,_ 14_,have now reduced that rate to nearly zero.A child bom in the United States today has _ 15_than a 90 percent chance of _ 16.Furthermore,medical advances have ensured tha

6、t most of those infants willlive to be seventy years of age_ 17_ more,and even that life _ 18 increases every year.The result of thisprogress is an enormous population increase that threatens the _ 19 of life,brought _ 20 by progress in themedical profession.1.A necessarilyB nearlyC basicallyD often

7、2.AJcomesB getsC makesD turns3.ASeeB TakeC ConsiderD Look4.A advantagesBJ advancementsICJ movementsD care5.AorB andC withD of6.AJbackIBJ upICJ throughD over7.AofB fromC outD with8.AtiredBl wearyfC wornD fatigued9.AcostB bill|C priceD check10.AarisingB risingC raisingD going11.AeffortsB effectsC prob

8、lemsD events12.AexclaimedB proclaimedC blamedD claimed13.AoverB withinC betweenD among14.AhoweverB thoughC moreoverD besides15.AJmoreBJ greaterCJ biggerD better16.lAJlifeB survivalDJ subsistenceIC existence17.AJandBJ butC orD much18.AspanB expectancy|D expectationC expanse19.AstandardB levelC qualit

9、yD way20.AoutB upC forthDaboutSection IT Reading ComprehensionPart AText 1Save the mighty elephant!Well,the hippopotamus might.In 1989,with the elephant facing the threat ofextinction,the nations of the world agreed to ban trade in elephant ivory.Now,ivory hunters who once shotelephants for their tu

10、sks are shooting hippos for their teeth.If nothing is done,experts say,the hippo may be wipedout in some areas of Africa.The hippo,laments Dr.Simon Lyster of the World Wide Fund for Nature,4tis theforgotten beast.”Unfortunately for hippos,theyre easy targets.They like to gather in herds at muddy poo

11、ls and just sit there;virtually motionless.Hunters simply shoot the hippos in the water.Not surprisingly,therens a new campaign to save the hippo.At the annual Convention on International Tradein Endangered Species in Florida this week,France,Belgium and Benin will propose strict quotas and monitori

12、ngof the hunting and trade in hippos and hippo parts.The data so far are spottybut generally gloomy for the hippo.From 1988 to 1992,the number of hippo teeth carved in Hong Kong and re-exported rose from 224 to 3868with most of those shipments bound for the United States.The trade in hippo ivory fol

13、lows much the same route as the old trade in elephant tusks-from hunters inAfrica through middlemen in Europe to carvers in Hong Kong and Japan.Hippo ivory is a bit more brittle and lessdesirable than elephant ivory,so it sells for a good deal lessabout$50 to$70 per kilo wholesale,comparedwith$400 t

14、o$500 for elephant ivory.Once it is fashioned into trinkets and jewelry,however,few consumers cantell the difference.The trade is booming.In a rare census of African hippos last year,conservationists werealarmed to find a population of only 160 000,or about a quarter the estimated number of elephant

15、s.Even innational parks where hippos live,protections are failing,in part because many nations had used proceeds from thesale of elephant tusks to pay park police.Now that income is gone,and some parks have become hunting grounds.Malawi is among many African nations that support new hippo protection

16、s;some are even movingunilaterally to save the herds.Zambia restricts hippo hunting to tourist expeditions in national parks and giveslocal people 35 percent of the tourist revenues.That should encourage locals to help fend off poachers and to quithunting hippos themselves.And if ivory hunters do le

17、ave the hippo alone?They1!probably move on to otheranimals with carvable teeth,like walruses or whales.21.We may infer from the text that the hippo isA an endangered animal species.B a kind of tourist games.C a special fish in rivers.DJ an African elephant.22.When Dr.Lyster said sadly that the hippo

18、“is the forgotten beast”(Line 4-5,Paragraph 1),he meant thatA people had forgotten to make use of its teeth.|B the hippo was threatening the existence of elephants.C there was an excessive number of hippos in Africa.D the world only remembered to save elephants.23.We may infer that the hippo hunting

19、 and trading are thriving becauseA there has been no strict rules to control these activities before this week.B consumers like hippo teeth products better than those made of ivory.C there are fewer elephants left in Africa than hippos.D hunters find that hippos are easier to kill than elephants.24.

20、Some African countries tried to protect animals in national parks byAJ getting the locals involved in the trade of hippos.B reinforcing park police force.C sharing benefits from parks with the locals.D turning hunting grounds into national parks.25.The last sentence implies that walruses or whales m

21、ayA move to other places where foods are available.B become the next victim of hunters targets.C outnumber elephants and hippos in the future.D become tourist attractions in African national parks.Text 2Eating right to prevent heart disease may seem complicated and confusing,but its a breeze compare

22、d withtrying to design an anticancer diet.Cardiovascular disease is relatively simple;its the result of normal bodilyprocesses taken to the extreme.Cancer,by contrast,involves changes in the programming of DNA within thenuclei of individual cells.Beyond that,heart disease is an illness that affects

23、a single organ system,while cancer isdozens of different diseases that target body parts as radically different as the brain,breast and bone.That being the case,its no surprise that the relationship between diet and cancer is still largely a matter ofeducated guessworkand in many cases,the guesses h

24、ave turned out to be wrong.Take the much publicized linkbetween high-fat diets and breast cancer,for example.Women who live in Western countries,where high-fat dietsare the norm,tend to have high breast-cancer rates.Even more telling,women of Japanese ancestry who live in theU.S.get the disease six

25、times more often than their grandmothers and great-grandmothers in Japan.Yet a hugerecent study of 90,000 women has refuted the breast cancer-fat link.A similar process of educated-guess-and-error led people to load up on the nutritional supplement betacarotene(a natural red substance found in carro

26、ts and other vegetables)in the early 1990s.Scientists noted thatthose who eat lots of fruits and vegetables tend to get less cancer and speculated that carotenoidsthe sameantioxidant substances that seem to protect against heart diseasewere responsible.In particular,they focused onbeta carotene,the

27、most abundant and common carotenoid,as the most likely to prevent cancer.Yet a series of targeted studies in Finland and the U.S.showed that beta carotene supplements dont ward offcancer at all.It looks like taking this substance in high doses is not the right thing to do,“says a Harvardsresearcher.

28、Health experts are not ready to list the foods that will keep cancer at bay,but some broad outlines of ananti-cancer diet are taking shape.Beta carotene might not be the key.But fruits and vegetables seem to help.Soalong with giving up tobacco and limiting alcohol consumption,the best way to prevent

29、 a broad range of cancers,given the current state of medical knowledge,is to eat more fruits and vegetables.That sort of diet will help youstay trim and prevent heart disease anywayso if,against all odds,it turns out to have no effect on cancer,itcertainly cant hurt.26.We may conclude from the first

30、 paragraph thatA heart disease is mainly caused by abnormal eating habits.|B cancer is far more difficult to prevent than heart disease.C changing the programming of DNA may help treat cancer.D designing an anticancer diet is as easy as a breeze.27.Observations and studies of women living in the U.S

31、.prove thatA American women are in better health than women of Japanese ancestry.B there is a clear relationship between high-fat diets and breast cancer.C Japanese women have not yet fully adapted to Western eating norm.D there is nothing conclusive in terms of the breast cancer-fat link.28.We can

32、learn from the selection that beta carotene supplementsA are ineffective in preventing heart disease.B may not be effective in preventing cancer.C are the most important nutrients we need.D should normally be taken in low doses.29.According to health experts,eating more vegetables and fruitsA will d

33、efinitely do us no harm whatsoever.B is the most effective anti-cancer diet.C provides us with enough beta carotene.D can protect us against the harms caused by drinking.30.Which of the following questions does the selection best answer?A Can food protect us against cancer?B Should we believe in edu

34、cated guesswork?C Is beta carotene good for our health?D Are Japanese women more likely to get breast cancer?Text 3Despite the modem desire to be easy and casual,Americans from time to time give thought to the languagethey useto grammar,vocabulary,and gobbledygook.And as on other issues they divide

35、into two parties.Thelarger,which includes everybody from the so-called plain man to the professional writer,takes it for granted thatthere is a right way to use words and construct sentences,and there are many wrong ways.The right way isbelieved to be clearer,simpler,more logical,and hence more like

36、ly to prevent error and confusion.Good writing iseasier to read;it offers a pleasant combination of sound and sense.Against this majority view is the doctrine of an aggressive minority,who make up for their small number bytheir great learning and their place of authority in the world of scholarship.

37、They are the professional linguists whodeny that there is such a thing as correctness.The language,they say,is what anybody and everybody speaks.Hence there must be no interference with what they regard as a product of naturethey denounce all attempts atguiding choice;their governing principle is ep

38、itomized in the title of a speech by a distinguished member of theprofession.4Can Native Speakers of a Language Make Mistakes?”Within the profession of linguist there are of course warring factions,but on this conception of language as anatural growth with which it is wrong to tamper they are at one

39、.In their arguments one finds appeals to democraticfeelings of social equality(all words and forms are equally good)and individual freedom(anyone may do what helikes with his own speech).These assumptions further suggest that the desire for rightness,the very idea of betteror worse in speech,is a ha

40、ngover from aristocratic and oppressive times.To the linguists,change is the only rulerto be obeyed.They equate it with life and accuse their critics of being clock reversers,enemies of freedom,menaces to“life”.Somewhat inconsistently,the linguists produce dictionaries in which they tell us that a w

41、ord or an expressionis standard,substandard,colloquial,archaic,slang,or vulgar.How do they know?They know by listening to thewords people use and by noticingin conversations,newspapers,and books-how and by whom these words areused.Usage,then,is still real and various,even though the authorities refu

42、se to point openly to a set of words andforms as being preferable to others.tStandard gets around the difficulty of saying“best or“right”.31.Most Americans believe thatA the language they use should be constantly improved.B language rules do exist and hence should be obeyed.C everyone has the right

43、to use the language as he likes.D grammar,vocabulary and old phrases must be made easier.32.Which of the following is most likely the idea contained in the linguists speech“Can Native Speakers of aLanguage Make Mistakes?”AJ Native speakers think their mother tongue a natural product.B Native speaker

44、s are the best observers of language rules.C Mistakes in usage made by native speakers are often misleading.D Whatever a native speaker says is correct usage of the language.33.We can infer from the text that linguists hold thatA language knows no class distinction among different users.B it is wron

45、g to accuse each other over the use of a language.C language is under the political influence of a society.D it is natural for people to want to use correct language.34.In the last sentence of paragraph 3,“clock reversers”refer toAJ linguistic authorities.B advocates of aristocratic system and oppre

46、ssion.C those with desire for rightness of the language.D warring factions in the field of linguistics.35.The author points out that linguists produce dictionaries whichfA prove that there are no rules guiding the use of a language.B contradict their argument that languages are equally good.C show t

47、hat authorities do not pay enough attention to usage.D convince the reader that the author is right.Text 4A university professor has built a“virluaHaboralory”on the World Wide Web to give engineering students ataste of the challenge they may someday face on the job.With a few clicks of a mouse,stude

48、nts drill for a hiddensupply of oil,program a robotic arm and design digital logic circuits.Putting such experiments on the Internet introduces students to engineering without the high costs,timeconstraints and space limitations imposed by a real-world laboratory,says the inventor of the on-line lab

49、 who is aresearch professor in the Department of Chemical Engineering.“You might argue that students are not going to get the full experience when they use virtual equipment.Butsuppose you get 80%of the effect,yet the cost is only 10%,compared to a real laboratory.It might be worth it.And any studen

50、t with a computer and access to the Web would be able to use the virtual equipment,said theinventor.The professor also sees the on-line lab experiments as a way to let freshmen sample the type of real-lifepuzzle that working engineers confront.This early exposure is important,he says,because most en