大学体验英语视听说2.pdf

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1、UNIT McDonalds Business Model:The Three-le联ed StoolScript McDonalds Corporation(MCD)is one of the leadingfast-food restaurant chains in the world,touching the lives of peopleevery day.As the worlds largest chain of restaurants,it primarilysells hamburgers,chicken,french fries,milkshakes,soft drinks,

2、etc.The business began in 1940,with a restaurant opened by brothersDick and Mac McDonald.Initially,they just owned a hotdog stand.But after establishing the restaurant they served around 25 items,which were mostly barbecued.It became a popular and profitableteen hangout.Their introduction of the“Spe

3、ed Service System in 1948established the principles of the modern fast-food restaurant.Thepresent corporation dates its founding to the opening of a franchisedrestaurant by Ray Kroc on April 15,1955.In effect,Kroc opened his first and the overall ninth restaurant inChicago,Illinois,and gave birth to

4、 McDonalds Corporation.In1958,the restaurant chain sold its 100 millionth hamburger.In 1960,Kroc renamed his company as“McDonalds Corporation”.In 1961,Kroc convinced the McDonald brothers to sell the business rights tohim in the company.Thus he purchased the brothers,equity for asum of$2.7million an

5、d led to its worldwide expansion.As McDonalds expands successfully into many internationalmarkets,the company became a symbol of globalization and thespread of the American way of life.Its prominence also made it afrequent subject of public debates about obesity,corporate ethics andconsumer responsi

6、bility.ScriptTanya:Its the fast food chain with the iconic golden arches thathave been spotted all over the world.Yes,we are talking aboutMcDonalds.But did you know McDonalds,year after year,isvoted one of the best places to work?Were looking today at thisall-American company and what we can learn f

7、rom its success.Were joined by Paul Facella,author of the book,Everything I KnowAbout Business,I Learned At McDonalds:The Seven LeadershipPrinciples That Drive Breakout Success.Paul was a formerMcDonalds executive who has the behind-the-scenes story on theworlds most successful restaurant organizati

8、on.Hi there,Paul.Thanks for joining us.Paul:Thank you,Tanya.Nice to be here.Tanya:Now,while you no longer work for McDonalds,Iunderstand that the company has had a huge impact on your life.Tellus why you decided to write a book on business lessons that youlearned from a fast food chain.Paul:Sure.Wel

9、l,not only myself but literally hundreds of thousandsof people that went to the McDonalds system and were guided by alot of the principles.When I left McDonalds,I went into consultingand,and one of the surprises I had was many of the organizations,both large and small,was the fact that some of the b

10、asic principles,some of the foundations that good organizations need to besuccessful,werent there.And I was constantly being asked about,“Well,tell me how you did in McDonalds”.And my thinking was,“Gee,ril write a book about it and help my client base and ril beable to help them move forward with it

11、.So that was the thinkingbehind it.Tanya:Well,were gonna get into some of those secrets of success.Iwanna start by asking you,you know,obviously a lot of people knowMcDonalds for their burgers and Big Macs.But,Im sure a lotpeople will be surprised to know that it has one of the highestcorporate empl

12、oyee retention rates of any company,I mean peopleassume,fast food chain,people just want to get in and get out.Whatmakes McDonalds so successful?Paul:I think,I think there a number of factors,but I think theretention piece is about McDonalds,when you work,there its reallyabout a meritocracy.It is ab

13、out advancement that is based onachievement.And from the first crew person moving in all the wayup to store manager,all the way up to the present CEO,Jim Skinner,who was a crew person 35 years ago and moved into,after 35 years,moved into the CEO ranks.So its always been a progression ofopportunity f

14、or people,and I think thats one of the great things thatkeeps folks there.Every CEO has gone through the ranks.Tanya:Is there any crossover from those who work on the serverside to the executive side,or you have to go back to school for that?Paul:Oh,no,all the time,I mean,I started as a 16-year-old

15、crewperson.Mike Quinlan,whos a CEO for 14 years started in the mailroom,so theres plenty of crossoverSince setting up the first McDonalds in China,the Westernrestaurant chain has been expanding steadily and successfully.So far,other than the home market-the United States-China is the No.1growth mark

16、et for McDonalds,with over 1000 restaurants and over60,000 employees.China also represents one third of all capital expenditures in theAsia-Pacific,Middle East and Africa region,where the fast-foodgiant is in 37 markets.According to Skinner,vice-chairman andCEO of this worlds largest fast-food compa

17、ny,Weve been steadilygrowing with China for the past 20 years and are very excited forwhat the future holds,“he says.In 1990,McDonalds chose Shenzhen,a pioneer Special EconomicZone in Guangdong province bordering Hong Kong,to open its first500-seat store in the developing market.McDonalds quickly wo

18、nover the local consumers,due to its many attractions like its RonaldMcDonald clown,Golden Arches or the yellow M logo,Big Mac,the smiling attendants and the quick service.The success of theShenzhen outlet prompted McDonalds to expand its chainnationwide.And McDonalds has not stopped from aggressive

19、lyincreasing the number of its outlets in China.The mainlandsfast-food market is growing at a rate of 16 percent per year.“We are going to continue our growth at a faster rate in China.Chinais a huge market with great opportunities for businesses around theworld,and its no different for McDonalds,Sk

20、inner adds.Tanya:And in your book,youve broken down some of the keys,the fundamental keys of McDonalds success,in terms that can beapplied to other companies.So,lets go through these one by one.The first you say is honesty and integrity,and this obviously comesat a time when so many people have lost

21、 trust in Wall Street.Howcan we apply this?Paul:Yeah,I think,its,well,honesty and integrity started veryearly on with Ray Kroc who started the McDonalds system in 1955,and back then franchises were just starting to proliferate,and therewere not a lot of laws about how they would conduct businesses.A

22、nd one of the things was done,sadly,was that many of thosefranchisors would take commissions back from suppliers thatsupplied the franchisees product.From the beginning,thats nowhow were gonna do businesses.Were gonna have integrity,weregonna be honest with our franchisees,I wanna the franchisees to

23、make the first dollar,Til make the second dollar,and that kind of gotinto the DNA very early.And to this day,there is a wonderfulrelationship of integrity and honesty with our relationships with ouroperators,with our vendors.Tanya:And I would imagine that motivates everybody because youfeel like if

24、you do well,you will get rewarded.Paul:Thats correct.Absolutely,no question about that.Howimportant everybody working together as a team is!Tanya:Right,and another secret to McDonalds success,Iunderstand,is relationships,and the company apparently promotesthe idea that relationships are sort of the

25、secret sauce,as,if you will,and everyone who works for the company is a part of an extendedfamily,is that right?Paul:The Mcfamily!Tanya:Yeah.Paul:Its a great safe way from honesty and integrity.If you startwith the foundation of honesty and integrity,it goes right intorelationships.And Fred Turner,w

26、ho is still to this day,54 years later,is active,was actually the one that coined the phrase”thethree-legged stool”.What it really meant was,that there were threelegs in our relationship:the franchisees,the suppliers and thecompany people.And all of us pulling together,and workingtogether as a team

27、and the synergy of that team,is how it will besuccessful.And if you think about that,you know how importantthat is,that you really dont want to let your team members downand you want them to be successful.Tanya:Sure,and every leg of the stool is only as strong as the otherleg,right?Paul:Absolutely.T

28、anya:And another secret is the idea of standards.One of theMcDonalds mottos,apparently,is never be satisfied?Yes.Tell usabout the companys no excuses working environment.Paul:Yeah,well,standards are very important and you know is-inorder to have a standard,you have that measurement,and if itsworth d

29、oing,its worth measuring.And every time you measuresomething,performance improves because people have a guideline-they know where theyre going,and that,thats actually part of eventhe people side of that.The meritocracy wasnt based on anything,but clear metrics on how you advance through the ranks on

30、 that.Butit was never satisfied,we always felt we could do it harder,quicker,faster.And that stayed one step ahead of the competition and keptour franchisees the best in the system.Home ListeningInternational business is a term used to collectively describe allcommercial transactions(private and gov

31、ernmental,sales,investments,logistics,and transportation)that take placebetween two or more nations.Usually,private companies 1)undertake such transactions for profit;governments forprofit and for political reasons.It refers to all business activitieswhich involve cross 2)border transactions of good

32、s,servicesand resources between two or more nations.Transaction ofeconomic resources include capital,skills,people,etc.forinternational production of physical goods,and services such asHnance,banking,3)insurance construction,etc.The increase in international business and in foreign 4)investment has

33、created a need for executives with knowledgeof foreign languages and skills in cross-cultural communication.Americans,however,have not been well trained in either areaand,consequently,have not enjoyed the same level of success in5)negotiation in an international arena as their foreigncounterparts.Ne

34、gotiating is the process of communicating backand forth for the purpose of reaching an agreement.It involvespersuasion and compromise,but in order to 6)participate in either one,the negotiators must understandthe ways in which people are persuaded and how compromise isreached within the culture of t

35、he negotiation.Home ListeningIn studies of American negotiators abroad,several traits havebeen 7 identified that undermine the negotiators position,twoof which,in particular,are directness and 8)impatience.Furthermore,American negotiators often insist on realizingshort-term goals.Foreign negotiators

36、,on the other hand,mayvalue the relationship established between negotiators and maybe willing to invest time in it for long-term benefits.9)In orderto solidify the relationshiD,they may choose indirectinteractionsClearly,perceptions and differences in values affect theoutcomes of negotiations and t

37、he success of negotiators.10)_without regard for the time involved in 史ettin史 to/ow theother nesotiator.For Americans to play a more effective role ininternational business negotiations,they must put forth moreeffort to improve cross-cultural undersUtndin史.UNIT 2 Made in ChinaScriptWhy buy products

38、made in China?One of the most importantreasons is that buying goods from China saves Americans over$100billion annually.This is mostly due to the fact that Chinese workersare paid substantially less than comparable American employees,asthe cost of living is much higher in the U.S.American buyers(sma

39、llcompanies,major corporations,as well as every size in between)team up with Chinese suppliers to establish a genuine win-winsituation for all involved parties,as well as both countries.TheChinese suppliers make money because they are selling their”Madein China“products,and the American buyers are h

40、appy because theyare purchasing fine quality,inexpensive products fbr their business,therefore reducing their overall costs.If such an American buyer isin the retail industry,the low prices are passed on to the consumer,all while paying an American worker to unpackage,monitor,maintain and sell the i

41、tem.As you can see,the trade market with China has more benefitsthan its given credit fbr by the advocates for homegrowngoods.There is much more to helping the economy of ourcountry than insisting that we only purchase products that havebeen“Made in the USA.Keeping the world economyspinning while si

42、multaneously supporting corporate Americaand the small businesses that make this country great is whatwill keep this country strong in the future.Script“Here we go.”For Sara Bongiorni,it began with a simple question:Could sheand her family live normal lives for one year if they decided not tobuy any

43、thing made in China?Its nothing against China;its more like an experiment tomeasure how far Chinas pushed into our lives.The simple answer:It was everywhere in their lives,from herkitchen.“Our coffeemaker broke last year and we didnt replace it in time.All coffee makers come from China unless youre

44、gonna shell outfor an expensive Italian espresso maker.to Kevins workroom.Pegboard hangers for his tools only come from China.Tve gone all year long with basically my tools just layingaround.to shoes for fast growing Wes.A non-China pair costthem 65 bucks,and when Kevins 20 dollar Chinese sunglasses

45、broke,Sara bought him some new ones made in the USA.“I believe they were about a hundred and fifty dollars,so thatwould not be normally in thebudget.And dont even get her started on finding toys for the kids.“That ones from China,huh?”The products the Bongiornis became so dependent on camefrom facto

46、ries just like this one here in China,and because of thesefactories,Americans get a bargain every time they go shopping andthese people get a chance at a better life.Chinas economy,at one time run by the state,is now all aboutprivate enterprise.15 years ago,private industry contributed 5.3billion do

47、llars to the economy.Now the number is more like 288billion,an increase of more than 5 thousand percent and stillclimbing because of factories like this one.These young women earnall of a hundred dollars a month.For Li Xiaoyu thats three timeswhat her parents make as peasant farmers.“You forget some

48、times,you just see these things on a store shelf,but individual people make these items that are all over your house.Iwould love to know what their lives are like.”“Because of your work here,are you gonna have a better life,will you be able to buy things you want to have?Yes,she tells us.The family

49、now has a color TV and all newfurniture.Low paying by ourstandards,these jobs change lives and fuel dreams.Jin Nanping issaving up so he can someday get married and have a house.For Sara,the expeiiment is over;she is back to buying fromChina.The global economy seems like its way out there on thehori

50、zon,but in fact,ifs 一 youre mixed up with it right in yourliving room.America,it seems,is addicted to cheap goods from China,butChina is just as addicted to the profits that are reshaping a country.Gary Peterson,CBS News.Hebei Province,China.Sy到Mention 4Made in China and what pops up in your mind?Th