2019全国硕士研究生招生考试英语一真题.pdf
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1、绝密启用前2019年全国硕士研究生招生考试英 语(一)(科目代码:201)考生注意事项仝1.答题前,考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名;在答题卡指定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号,并涂写考生编号信息点。2.考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下,粘贴在答题卡的“试卷条形码粘贴位置”框中。不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的,责任由考生自负。3.选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上,非选择题的答案必须书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内,超出答题区域书写的答案无效;在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。4.填(书)写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔书写,字迹工整、笔迹清楚;涂写部分必须
2、使用2B铅笔填涂。5.考试结束,将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。(以下信息考生必须认真填写)考生编号考生姓名Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank andmark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Today,we live in a world where GPS systems,digital maps,and othernavigation apps are availab
3、le on our smartphones.of us just walk straightinto the woods without a phone.But phones 2 on batteries,and batteries candie faster than we realize.3 you get lost without a phone or a compass,andyou 4 cant find north,a few tricks may help you navigate 5 tocivilization,one of which is to follow the la
4、nd.When you find yourself well 6 a trail,but not in a completely 7area,you have to answer two questions:Which 8 is downhill,in thisparticular area?And where is the nearest water source?Humans overwhelminglylive in valleys,and on supplies of fresh water.9 if you head downhill,andfollow any H2O you fi
5、nd,you should 1()see signs of people.If youve explored the area before,keep an eye out for familiar sights-youmay be 11 how quickly identifying a distinctive rock or tree can restore yourbearings.Another 12:Climb high and look for signs of human habitation.13,even in dense forest,you should be able
6、to 14 gaps in the tree line due toroads,train tracks,and other paths people carve 15 the woods.Head towardthese 16 to find a way out.At night,scan the horizon for 17 lightsources,such as fires and streetlights,then walk toward the glow of lightpollution.18,assuming youre lost in an area humans tend
7、to frequent,look forthe 19 we leave on the landscape.Trail blazes,tire tracks,and other featurescan 20 you to civilization.英 语(一)试 题.1.(共 14页)1.A.SomeB.MostC.FewD.All2.A.putB.takeC.runD.come3.A.SinceB.IfC.ThoughD.Until4.A.formallyB.relativelyC.graduallyD.literally5.A.backB.nextC.aroundD.away6.A.onto
8、B.offC.acrossD.along7.A.unattractiveB.uncrowdcdC.unchangedD.unfamiliar8.A.siteB.pointC.wayD.place9.A.SoB.YetC.InsteadD.Besides10.A.immediatelyB.intentionallyC.unexpectedlyD.eventually11.A.surprisedB.annoyedC.frightenedD.confused12.A.problemB.optionC.viewD.result13.A.Above allB.In contrastC.On averag
9、eD.For example14.A.bridgeB.avoidC.spotD.separate15.A.fromB.throughC.beyondD.under16.A.postsB.linksC.shadesD.breaks17.A.artificialB.mysteriousC.hiddenD.limited18.A.FinallyB.ConsequentlyC.IncidentallyD.Generally19.A.memoriesB.marksC.notesD.belongings20.A.restrictB.adoptC.leadD.exposeSection II Reading
10、 ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosingA,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)英 语(一)试 题,2.(共14页)Text 1Financial regulators in Britain have imposed a nither unusual rule on the bossesof big banks.Starting next
11、year,any guaranteed bonus of top executives could bedelayed 10 years if their banks are under investigation for wrongdoing.The mainpurpose of this u clawbackM rule is to hold bankers accountable for harmful risktaking and to restore public trust in financial institutions.Yet officials also hopefor a
12、 much larger benefit:more long-term decision-making,not only by banksbut by all corporations,to build a stronger economy for future generations.u Short-termism,M or the desire for quick profits,has worsened in publiclytraded companies,says the Bank of Englands top economist,Andrew Haldane.He quotes
13、a giant of classical economics,Alfred Marshall,in describing thisfinancial impatience as acting like u children who pick the plums out of theirpudding to eat them at once“rather than putting them aside to be eaten last.The average time for holding a stock in both the United States and Britain,he not
14、es,has dropped from seven years to seven months in recent decades.Transient investors,who demand high quarterly profits from companies,canhinder a firms efforts to invest in long-term research or to build up customerloyalty.This has been dubbed u quarterly capitalism.MIn addition,new digital technol
15、ogies have allowed more rapid trading ofequities,quicker use of information,and thus shorter attention spans in financialmarkets.There seems to be a predominance of short-term thinking at theexpense of long-term investing,M said Commissioner Daniel Gallagher of the USSecurities and Exchange Commissi
16、on in a speech this week.In the US,the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 has pushed most publiccompanies to defer performance bonuses for senior executives by about a year,slightly helping reduce ushort-termism.M In its latest survey of CEO pay,TheWall Street Journal finds that“a substantial part of execut
17、ive pay is now tied toperformance.Much more could be done to encourage 4 4 long-termism,n such as changes inthe tax code and quicker disclosure of stock acquisitions.In France,shareholderswho hold onto a company investment for at least two years can sometimes earnmore voting rights in a company.With
18、in companies,the right compensation design can provide incentives forexecutives to think beyond their own time at the company and on behalf of allstakeholders.Britains new rule is a reminder to bankers that society has aninterest in their performance,not just for the short term but for the long term
19、.英 语(一)试 题,3.(共14页)21.According to Paragraph 1 ,one motive in imposing the new rule is to.A.enhance bankers,sense of responsibilityB.help coiporations achieve larger profitsC.build a new system of financial regulationD.guarantee the bonuses of top executives22.Alfred Marshall is quoted to i n d i c
20、a t e.A.the conditions for generating quick profitsB.govemments,impatience in decision-makingC.the solid structure of publicly traded companiesD.44short-termism in economic activities23.It is argued that the influence of transient investment on public companies canbe.A.indirectB.adverseC.minimalD.te
21、mporary24.The US and France examples are used to i l l u s t r a t e.A.the obstacles to preventing“short-termism”B.the significance of long-term thinkingC.the approaches to promoting 4 4 long-termismMD.the prevalence of short-term thinking25.Which of the following would be the best title for the tex
22、t?A.Failure of Quarterly CapitalismB.Patience as a Corporate VirtueC.Decisiveness Required of Top ExecutivesD.Frustration of Risk-taking Bankers英 语(一)试题.4.(共14页)Text 2Grade inflationthe gradual increase in average GPAs(grade-pointaverages)over the past few decades-is often considered a product of a
23、consumerera in higher education,in which students are treated like customers to bepleased.But another,related force-a policy often buried deep in course catalogscalled u grade forgivenessM-is helping raise GPAs.Grade forgiveness allows students to retake a course in which they received alow grade,an
24、d the most recent grade or the highest grade is the only one thatcounts in calculating a students overall GPA.The use of this little-known practice has accelerated in recent years,ascolleges continue to do their utmost to keep students in school(and payingtuition)and improve their graduation rates.W
25、hen this practice first starteddecades ago,it was usually limited to freshmen,to give them a second chance totake a class in their first year if they struggled in their transition to college-levelcourses.But now most colleges,save for many selective campuses,allow allundergraduates,and even graduate
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