2021-2022学年山东省德州市高二（下）期末英语试卷（附答案详解）.pdf

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1、2021-2022学年山东省德州市高二（下）期末英语试卷一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共 37.5分）AWith schools shut due to the epidemic（疫情）,thousands of parents have turned intohomeschooling educators overnight.But its not an easy thing for every parent to dealwith.Many education companies are currently offering free activities for kids.Here a

2、re some ofthem.History at HomeHistory at Home offers a free video series that includes a quick history lesson,plus ideas forfollow-up activities that parents and kids can do at home.The first one is about the history ofhand-washing.New videos are available every Monday,Wednesday,and Friday after 9 A

3、.m.,and special guests include Laurence among others.Cosmic Kids YogaSimilarly,the Cosmic Kids Yoga videos are good for a few minutes peace and quiet so you canwork-we mean,a nice stretch and mindfulness break in the middle of all the academiclearning.The app requires a subscription,but you can watc

4、h the videos on YouTube.Rosetta StoneDuring school closures,Rosetta Stone will be giving three months of free language learning toall elementary,middle,and high school students.The program teaches languages throughimmersion（沉浸式）,with instant feedback and progress reports.The Lion King ExperienceBroa

5、dways The Lion King has always offered theater-making classes for kids,but normallyyoud have to pay for them and do them in a classroom setting.Now they*ve adapted theircurriculum so families can do it at home for free-just download the PDF guides.There aretwo courses：one for kids between the ages o

6、f 8 and 11,and the other for kids between the agesof 12 and 15.1.When can kids obtain updated history lesson videos?A.At 7 A.m.on Monday.B.At 9 A.m.on Tuesday.C.At 8 A.m.on Wednesday.D.At 10 A.m.on Friday.2.What can we infer about The Lion King Experience?A.Kids can enjoy a classic movie.B.It used t

7、o be set in a classroom.C.Users have to subscribe it ahead.D.It offers lessons to kids of all ages.3.What do these activities have in common?A.They can be performed at home.B.Learners have to pay for them.C.Video lessons can be downloaded.D.Each contains varieties of learning.BWhen storm clouds gath

8、er,and the wind howls in angenthe natural reaction for most people isto seek shelter.But some run toward the danger.Photographer Liu Yijing is one of that rare typeas he captures natures violence.For the past year,Liu,21,has traveled about 24,000 kilometers across 11 provinces chasing andrecording t

9、hunderstorms.From the first signs a stronger breeze developing into a turbulent（汹涌的）sky and birds fleeing he prepares for what appears to be a frightening task.In 2021,hetook more than 48,000 photos,showing the most violence of Mother Nature.Liu has received a great deal of recognition for his work.

10、His photos captured a completesupercell（雷暴）structure that occurred in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region on Aug22.This image has been picked as the cover photo for the Advances in Atmospheric Sciences,akey publication in its field.It is a typical supercell and I still have a vivid memory about how

11、 thrilled I felt the moment itformed.While recording,!couldnt control myself and kept screaming,1 he says,adding that thepicture and video have spread rapidly on the Internet.The term supercell is even used bymeteorologists（气象学家）to describe a type of a lasting thunderstorm that rotates and isusually

12、 accompanied by dangerous weather conditions including damaging winds andsometimes tornadoes.Many social media users nicknamed him storm chaser.A Sina Weibo user namedGuanwaidelin comments that Lius photos and videos show how amazing and powerful natureis and how insignificant humans are.Another cal

13、led Lucia Wei says that beforeLiu,storm-chasing photographers were rarely heard of in China and that it is a career for thosewho are not only brave but also armed with sufficient meteorological knowledge.第2页，共21页4.How does Liu Yijing respond to the approaching stonn?A.He expresses anger.B.He looks f

14、or shelter.C.He takes photos of it.D.He runs away from it.5.What can we learn about Liu Yijing from the text?A.He traveled across the world to record tornadoes.B.He was acknowledged for an image of a supercell.C.He felt thrilled when his works became a hit.D.He described the supercell as a great dis

15、covery.6.Which of the following best describes Liu Yijings job?A.Boring.B.Well-paid.C.Adventurous.D.Discouraging.7.What is the text mainly about?A.A supercell going around.B.A storm showing power.C.A career exploring space.D.A cameraman chasing storm.cThe food we eat every day keeps us alive,but it

16、can also bring big health and environmentalcosts.A recent study finds that small shifts in the food choices could have great benefits to bothhealth and the planet.Because many foods with a high health burden,including processed meats or red meats,havehigh environmental costs.Reducing just about 10 p

17、ercent of a person s daily intake can cut apersons food-based environmental footprint by over 30 percent.Between growing it,packagingit,moving it around,cooking it,and often wasting it,food production makes up about one-fifth toone-third of all annual greenhouse gas emissions globally.For an average

18、 household,foodmakes up about as much of the greenhouse gas footprint as the electricity.To learn how to reduce negative impacts of food production and consumption on the planet andthe body,researchers first assessed damage related to food.Over the past few decades,scientistshave developed ways of d

19、oing life cycle analyses1 for specific items and assigned them a hardnumber to show their environmental impact.Meanwhile,public health scientists were doingsimilar analyses for human bodies.They carefully examined the links between food andhealth.They concluded that agriculture is a huge piece of th

20、e climate puzzle,andagriculture,food,and diet are all linked.We cant stop eating,so what should we do?For some climate challenges,there are relativelystraightforward ways.For example,renewable energy sources can already replace much of theenergy needed to power buildings,cars,and more.Theres no subs

21、titute for food,but shifting what we eat is possible.If all people on the planet arevegans,greenhouse gas emissions from the food system could be cut by more than half；a planetof vegetarians would food emissions by 44 percent.8.Why does the author list the figures in paragraph 2?A.To highlight the h

22、arm of gas emission.B.To advocate the consumption of red meats.C.To show the environmental impact of food.D.To illustrate the necessity of cutting food waste.9.What relationship do scientists show exactly with life cycle analyses11?A.Food and human bodies.B.Climate change and health.C.Agriculture an

23、d human development.D.Food production and the environment.10.What does the text suggest people do about food emissions?A.Eat whatever you want.B.Use fossil energy sources.C.Reduce food consumption.D.Consume more vegetables.11.What does the underlined word M mean in paragraph 5?A.Reduce.B.Release.C.A

24、ffect.D.Improve.DTraditionally,the work of the naturalist has been one of hard work and extremepatience,involving going out into the field,observing or capturing animals and countingthem.Now,two teams of scientists have developed a ground-breaking technique to monitor thelocation of animals on land

25、by collecting their DNA from thin air.Bohmann,a professor at the University of Copenhagen,led her team to test whether airborneenvironmental DNA(eDNA)could be used to detect different animal species by collectingsamples at the Copenhagen Zoo.They used a fan-like device to suck air,and then extracted

26、 theDNA from the air and sequenced(测 序)it.Once processed,the DNA sequences werecompared to a reference database to identify the animal species.Meanwhile,a second team ledby Elizabeth Clare from Queen Mary University of London was conducting a similarexperiment at Hamerton Zoo Park in Cambridgeshire.

27、Both teams detected the presence ofanimals living at the zoos.They also identified animals living in the surrounding第4页，共21页areas,including the Eurasian hedgehog which is endangered in the UK.Collecting and sequencing airborne eDNA has the potential to transform the way naturalecosystems are studied

28、 and surveyed/1 says Clare.In the future,it could be used to monitor howspecies are changing their distributions in response to climate change,or detect the presence ofinsects and species in sensitive environments.Bohinann explains the challenges that ecologists face without this kind of technique.u

29、Eaiiier inmy career,!went to Madagascar hoping to see lots of lemurs（狐猴）.1 rarely saw them.Instead,1mostly just heard them jumping their way through trees,nshe says.For many species,it can be alot of work to detect them by direct observation,especially if they live in closed or inaccessiblehabitats.

30、0The technique could shape the way scientists map species and could potentially help themremove the need for camera traps,in-person monitoring and intensive field work.While there isstill much to do,such as improving battery life of the device to develop the technique,thescientists behind the techni

31、que have already made history.12.What is the new technique intended for?A.Counting the number of animals.B.Observing the behavior of animals.C.Detecting the presence of animals.D.Changing the habitats of animals.13.What is paragraph 2 mainly about?A.The advantages of a fan-like device.B.The tests of

32、 the new eDNA technique.C.The importance of protecting animals.D.The methods of collecting eDNA samples.14.Why are Bohmanns words mentioned in paragraph 4?A.To prove the danger of naturalists*work.B.To stress the significance of the new technique.C.To show the difficulties of studying ecosystems.D.T

33、o present the impact of observations on animals.15.What will scientists probably do next?A.Develop camera trap technology.B.Apply the technique on a large scale.C.Conduct more in-person monitoring.D.Extend the lifespan of the devices battery.二、阅读七选五(本大题共5 小题，共 12.5分)Public transport is part of every

34、day life.When we can move around with ease,we dont justbenefit as individuals-we benefit as a society.At first the idea might seem unworkable,but we just need to cast our eyes to one of the citiesthat have already performed it.(2)The citys residents pay a small fee for a pass that gives themfree acc

35、ess to public transport,but tourists still need full payment.In one sense,this supports thecitys transport budgel,bul it also means there is still a need for expensive ticketingequipment.Wouldn*t it be simpler to remove ticketing altogether and instead charge a touristtax for overnight stays?In Luxe

36、mbourg,from 2020,ministers decided to cancel fares on trains,trams and buses to stopthe deepening gap between rich and poor.(3)In 2019,Delhis chief minister announced freebus rides for women to address the fact that women were far less likely to be travelling on busesand trains in the first place.Th

37、is plan has been rolled out in a region with a 16.9 millionpopulation,which means that free transport isnt only workable for small cities.(4)Bosses have the potential to use it as an opportunity to cut staffing.Such concerns madetransport unions oppose free travel.Passenger campaign groups should wo

38、rk with transportunions to make a dual(双重的)demand for free urban transport.Ticket clerks who currentlyperform spot-checks should be trained to provide assistance to anyone who requires help onboard.(5)But as well as the potential for reducing car usage,it could help make public transportsafe,secure

39、and accessible for all.A.Free travel is good for local tourism.B.The staff are against free tourist travel.C.Free travel is not a cure for everything.D.There is,however,a challenging issue with free travel.E.Tallinn,capital of Estonia,has gone part of the way there.F.This is not only free to its 600

40、,000 residents,but also many tourists.G.It would be a win-win to make public transport free and pay for it out of tax.第6 页，共 21页16.A.AEB.Bc.cD.DE.F.FG.G17.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.EF.FG.G18.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.EF.FG.G19.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.EF.FG.G20.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.EF.FG.G三、完形填空(本大题共15小题，共15.0分)My parents,siblings and 1 too

41、k our first camping trip to the Lake Houston Wilderness Parkrecently.We had finished putting up the(21)when it suddenly started to rain.Luckily,we had(22)ourtent on a high flat ground where water could not pour in.Mom got some snacks and drinksready for us while we played games and(23)about our dail

42、y life,which made wet-weathercamping fun.How(24)it was camping under the sound of the rain!We were gathered around inthe center of(25)and it was a nice feeling.Even with the rain,1 had never been so(26).The rain died down before dark and the sky turned clear.Soon,Mom(27)a big meal over thefire for t

43、he family.I sensed that a hot meal and good(28)would warm us right up.While we atetogether,Dad(29)at the stars and told us about his childhood.As we laughed and(30)on ourdays,the stars shone like diamonds at night.The following day,we had a good time(31)the rocky trails around our campsite.(32)hikin

44、g inthe forest,we had a lovely late afternoon boating.lt was amazing to see the(33)changing rays ofthe sunset behind the pine trees.That evening we packed up our(34)and headed home.I am very grateful for this camping trip,which has left us unforgettable(35).21.A.tentB.shelfC.fenceD.roof22.A.checkedB

45、.attachedC.approachedD.positioned23.A.feltB.arguedC.chattedD.complained24.A.strangeB.uniqueC.powerfulD.beneficial25.A.cultureB.societyC.natureD.space26.A.luckyB.happyC.curiousD.confident27.A.preparedB.servedC.orderedD.delivered28.A.impressionB.adventureC.performanceD.conversation29.A.yelledB.pointed

46、C.wonderedD.laughed30.A.set outB.went backC.caught upD.looked down31.A.pavingB.cleaningC.searchingD.exploring32.A.Due toB.Apart fromC.Instead ofD.As for33.A.dramaticallyB.casuallyC.regularlyD.completely34.A.goodsB.toolsC.belongingsD.harvests35.A.encountersB.coincidencesC.discoveriesD.memories四、语法填空(

47、本大题共1 小题，共 15.0分)36.Chinese singer Liu Genghong is enjoying a rapid rise in popularity recently afterextending his hobbies into online fitness.The 49-year-old instructor posts(1)(extreme)attractive fitness videos online.In the videos,he often works out to thefast-paced music.His social media account

48、(2)(explode)to 55 millionfollowers and 53 million likes so far,stimulating peoples(3)(enthusiastic)for indoor exercise.Sometimes the epidemic may limit access(4)gyms and fitness centers,so simpleaerobic(有.氧)exercises that do not require equipment(5)(be)perfect forpeople to perform at home.And that i

49、s exactly the demand that Liu has sought after on hissocial media platforms.As an alternative to people gathering together(6)(keep)fit,the phenomenon is also helpful for epidemic prevention purposes.(7)numberof fitness videos on the social media platform in 2021 increased by 134 percent,whilefollowe

50、rs of fitness trainers were up by 208 percent(8)(compare)with theprevious year.In the past,aerobics on TV proved popular,while nowadays its even(9)(easy)to follow along and learn from instructors on short-video platforms and social media thanbefore.Chinas sports governing body has launched online ex