托福同义词替换大全.docx

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1、托福写作同义词转换 国内考生常用的表达=高分表达（一）名此类：1. things that one tries hard to do二名词 ones undertakings/ one*s commitments2. The foct is that.=The reality is that.3. joy =happiness/ delight/ enjoyment4. sadness =sorrow/ grief hazard/ peril （后面这个词语气很强，危险程度 非同一 般）5. danger 派生dangerous； hazardous6. education -schoolin

2、g （指学校教育，家庭教育则用 upbringing/ parenting） 区分家庭教育的两个词upbringing是从孩子的角蔗说的，比如childrens upbringing；而 parenting 是从家长 的角度来说，比如 sensible parenting.7. advertisement/ advertising如果你写过关于广告的题目，就一定体会过不停轮换使用advertisement/ advertising有多郁闷。其实主体段论证中完全可以把广告类 细化，比如commercials （电视或者互联网上的广告），flyers （传单广告，北京最常见 的 形式就是“135*

3、,办证”），billboards （大幅的广告牌）或者non-profit advertisements= public-interest advertisements （公益广告）9. car =automobile10. economic crisis = economic meltdown （很接近）/recession （这 个一般仅仅还 是衰退）/the Great Depression （这个则是特指1929年开始的那次了）11. famous people= celebrities （单数为 celebrity （娱乐界）名人；名声）=eminent person（知名人士）12

4、. human beings （备考生使用过多）=humankind= humanity （注意这个词的单数 指人类，复数 指人文学科）/the human race13. wealth 相关=fortune （fortune作财富的意思时可以加复数）wealthy/ affluent （adj.）富裕的14. rich skill 派生skilledtechnique（注意这个词的正确解释是技能或者方法，而不是technology科技） adept/ adroit （adj.）15. a solution to sth.= method= methodology （国外学术写作中超级常用的

5、词，基本 就是method的故作高深版）16. range = field = sphere （of activity or interest, the sphere of international politics） / domain 领域/ arena 舞台 grasp of? command of option17. cooperation -collaboration18. basic structure in a city or a country =infrastructure19. tiredness = fatigue ”疲劳，疲乏”20. is a must of =is

6、a prerequisite for （是的必备先决条件）21. the Internet -the information highway（一篇考生作文里 Internet 被使用十几次 是常事儿）22. honesty = integrity 诚实，正直” =veracity23. strong belief = faith （in）24. for a particular purpose = aim = intention25. worries = anxieties （是的，这两个词的确都可以加复数）26. influence =impact/ / implication/ reper

7、cussion 反响=reflection27. influence on each other = mutual influence （类似的表达还有 mutual respect, mutual trust 和 mutual understanding/ interaction between A and B/ interplay between A and B28. many different kinds of.= a variety of./ a wide array of./ a wide range of.29. wrong ideas held by many people =

8、 misconceptions prestige/ sterling30. .fame= reputation -spectrum - recognition component （这个i司不仅指零件, 在 学术写 作中也经常指“部分”）相关sensible （adj.） disparity - a mechanism for a remedy for sth.（生活中经常指一种病的治疗方法，但学术写作中经常用来指某 种问题的解决方法，注意搭配的介词不同）31. bad students- unruly students （不守规矩的学生）/ disruptive students （不遵守

9、记录的学生）32. bad behavior = unethical behavior/ immoral behavior （不道德行为）33. organizations that help poor people =charities/ charitable organizations34. difference 派生=distinctionbe different from = be distinct from （adj.）35. person = individual36. personality disposition37. businesses =enterprises （这里指企

10、业）38. prices that are too high = exorbitant prices 价格过高的 （exorbitant housing price）39. the rate of.= the incidence of（后面一般跟坏事儿，比如 unemployment/ crime/ a disease）40. intense enthusiasm = zeal 热衷（v. zeal for teaching /n. great zeal） / passion 热爱 （have a passion for）41. cultural globalization文化全球化（有过多人

11、使用这个词）=global cultural homogenization全球文化同一化过程42. a thing that is necessary = a necessity43. a thing that is new and interesting = a novelty44. a thing that is rare = a rarity45. things that people are not sure about = uncertainties46. a world language = a universal language47. friends = companions4

12、8. relaxation- recreation49. self-respect respect sb./ sth.- self-esteem and dignity = hold sb./ sth. in high regard反义look down on.= treat. with contempt = despise （v.）49. self-control =self-discipline50. criminal prisoner = convict inmate51. drinks people who walk on the street - alcoholic beverage

13、s52. old generations in history = pedestrians ancestors53. a person who benefits from sth.= a beneficiary of sth.54. a disease that spreads quickly = an epidemic （注意这个词虽然是-ic 结尾，却I 不是形容词）55. a very unpleasant way of life= misery56. a task that requires lots of effort = an arduous task57. emotion- se

14、ntiment68. enemy- opponent/ fbe69. a way to do sth. an approach to doing sth./ an avenue towards sth.70. narrow minds =insular minds （狭隘的头脑或者观念）71. hobby- pastime/ diversion 消遣,分散注意力72. Progress= progression （经常指抽象的进步，比如写关于 society/ career/ technology 的话题）73. failure =setback （注意作名词的时候中间不要加空格）74. im

15、portance = significance （当你用 了一次 importance 之后，第二次不妨用这 个）75. duty = obligation （用于比较重要的责任）76. difficulty = hindrance 妨碍/ impediment 阻碍/ hurdles77. pressure from your classmates = peer pressure78. citizens who can work problems =labor force/ workforce （都是总体概念，而且 注意后面这个词的标准写法中间没有空格）79. diseases that e

16、xist for a long time =persistent problems/ chronic diseases80. a life without regular exercise= a sedentary lifestyle81. result= consequence （表示消极的结果更多一些）82. the lack of knowledge = considerations ignorance （注意在地道英文里，这个词 经常 并不表示“忽视”，而是表示“无知”）85. bad luck = misfortune86. trouble =adversity 逆境, 不幸/ di

17、lemma 困境/ predicament/ hardship87. crime =delinquency offense/ criminal actcriminal offender/serious crime- culprit/ = perpetrator heinous crime/ felony aa minor crime =misdemeanor scarcity （of）/88. youth-juvenile89. shortage （of） =dearth （of）= lack of “缺乏”90. the only one places where animals live

18、= habitat 栖息地”91. residents= inhabitants 居民 townsman 市民二 dwellers92. free time= spare time= leisure= vacation = relaxation93. computer=（二）形容词类91. very popular -prevalent/ ubiquitous 普遍存在的92. true= genuine （truly a genuinely）93. deep= profound （深刻的，后面经常跟 wisdom/ truths/ understanding/ impact/ thought

19、s）94. strong = powerful/ mighty - vulnerablehard-working= industrious 勤勉的（注意不是 industriaL 而 diligent 那个词在 美语中是个挺大的词）95. selfish= self-centered96. practical = materialistic97. proud （贬义）=conceited98. smart = intelligent= be versatile99. not strict = lenient ”宽大的，仁慈的”100. admirable = esteemed 令人尊敬的 en

20、tire= highly-respected101. mature- realistic sophisticated （这个词指人的时候意思是思维成 熟老练的）102. very attractive= very appealing/ fascinating/ captivating103. very careful =cautious 小心的104. sad= disappointing =frustrating 沮丧的105. cruel- inhumane/ merciless 残酷的106. strict= stringent 严厉的（后面一般跟 laws, measures 或者 r

21、ules） 107. fat = overweight/ obese （后面这个已经胖出病了）108. be very interested =be absorbed in/ be engrossed in 有兴趣109. quiet = tranquil安静的and serene （美语中这两个词经常可以连 在一起用）110. very disappointing =lamentable 可怜的/ pathetic 可怜的感伤的96. be good （for）= be beneficial （to） = be in the best interests （of）97. be not as

22、good as = be inferior to 不如好98. be better than = be superior to 比.好99. be the same = be identical 完全相同的/ be homogenous/ be uniform （后面两个词 比较正式，一般是说cultural globalization的时候常用，现在理解为什么小幅的 名词叫school uniforms 了吧，就是让大家都看起来一样的衣服）100. borings monotonous/ repetitive mundane （注意这个词其实再美国很多时候 并不是“世俗的意思/humdrum

23、单调的无聊的Strange= complicated = intricate odd/ bizarre/ eccentric （weird 有点过于口语化了） interesting stimulating101. cannot be turned back= be irreversible102. produce useful results = productive103. different= distinctive 与金不同的=diverse /various 各种各样的派生：differently= distinctively例：People are paid distinctive

24、ly by their contributions104. often= frequently 经常=constantly 不断地 （One frequently citied the fact that.）105.106.107. most suitable = fitting合适的，适宜的/ optimal最佳的，最理想的108. lonely = isolated/ alienated solitary109. be easily influenced by sth.=be susceptible to sth.（一般是坏事情，比如 a disease/ attacks ）109. us

25、eless =redundant110.111. famous= distinguished = renowned 著名的，有声望的112. positive -desirable 令人满意的 / encouraging113. happy enjoyable = delighted delightful114. can be used = be available115. hard to understand （laws/ rules/ people） = bewildering/ baffling/ confusing ”不 解，困惑”116.117. healthy = wholesom

26、e （注意说人的健康还是要用healthy,但是如果说事物 有益健康，就可以用wholesome “合乎卫生的，健全的”）118. Good for the environment = eco-friendly （比如 Biking is far more eco-friendly than driving their SUVs.）119. be familiar with = be well-acquainted with120. nervous/ anxious = apprehensive 忧虑的，不安的-disturbing121. doubt sth = be skeptical a

27、bout sth. -quintessential （这个语气非常强）122. fair = justified123. unfair unwarranted/ unjustifiable124. huge =enormous/ massive/ vast/ colossal numerous （注意要跟可数名词）125. small =tiny/ miniscule （后面一般跟抽象名词）/126. have many different abilities =be well-rounded 面面俱到，多才多艺的 proper = appropriate precise/ accurate

28、unsightly127. poor-quality = substandard 不符合规格的 （housing/ accommodation/ work/ goods/ machines）128. in be qualified for =be eligible for 合格的,符合条件的129. the present. = the current./ the existing.（比如 the current financial crisis/the existing environmental problems）130. outdated = antiquated 废弃，过时的/ obs

29、olete 废弃的,老式的131.132. lead an extravagant/ a lavish life133. progressive （开明的，逐步的，经常 用来形容government或者society）134. sth. must be carried out = sth. is compulsory/ sth. is mandatory 强制的135. continuing with long history = time-honored （后面经常跟抽象名词，比如 tradition/ practice/ methods/ heritage）136. forever = p

30、erpetual 永久的137. important = significant/essential/vital（这三个词的重要性依次递增）138.142. wrong = erroneous错误的，不正确的143. long and a bit annoying =lengthy144. very difficult = daunting令人怯为的，使人畏缩的/ formidable强大的，可怕 的，艰难的145. being spread in uncontrolled way= rampant 猖獗的（后面经常跟负面现象，比 如 crime, pollution 或者 discrimin

31、ation）146.148. having wrong opinions including many things = skewed 歪斜的/ biased （这两 个词一般在IELTS媒体类 话题使用，表示“有偏见的”）149. enough = comprehensive （综合的，全面的）adequate/ sufficient/ ample/ abundant注意这四个（词的语气是逐渐递增的）complete（adj.）完全的完整的 150 .too much= excessive151. very little= minimal （注意不是 minimum）152.153.154.

32、 urgent = pressing （problems）155.manage sth. perform/ conduct （注意这里的perform不是“表演”而是“从事”） 156. make sth. strong= 动词 strengthen/ fortify/ reinforce/ consolidate sth.157. make sth. better =enhance/better/boost （很少看到国内考生用 better 当动词， 其实在学术写作中better sth.是挺常见的表达）become more than = exceed/ surpass /grow fa

33、st = grow dramatically/ soar/ rocketfall fast = fall drastically/ plunge/ plummetcause bad effects=counterproductive “达不到预期目的的“（其实地道英文写作里 这个词 不见得和生产有关，只要阻止人们达到目的，都 可以写它 counterproductive）harm （vt.）派生harmful 派生be harmful to = damage= destroy/ ruin （这两个词 比 damage 程度更重）（后面跟 the cityscape/scenery/spoil

34、environment）undermine （后面跟抽象概念， 比如 stability/ social order/ harmony） jeopardize（后面跟抽象概念，比如ones future/ ones career）tarnish使失去光泽，玷污（后面跟one、reputation/image）sap 伤元气，使衰竭/dampen 抑制（后面跟 one*s enthusiasm/ interest/confidence） make sth. worse = aggravate/ exacerbate 使力口剧 sth.cause bad effects=counterproduc

35、tive ”达不到预期目的的”（其实地道英文写作里 这个词 不见得和生产有关，只要阻止人们达到目的，都 可以写它 counterproductive）make sth. weak = weaken/ erode （侵蚀）/control.（a negative trend） curb 抑 制.（crime/ pollution/ economic recessions）- regulate sth./oversee sth. emerge/ arise （后者的主语一般是抽象概念，比如 debate）=refrain from doing sth.84. adverse effect 不利的影

36、响=detrimental 不利的，有害的（adj.） - pose a threat to decrease= decline/ dwindle特指逐渐缓慢的减少）dip/ slip （ / （后两个词用来指 短促的下降）reduce = diminish使减少（多用于文化类或者发展类中的抽象话题）increase = augment增大（多用于政府投资类话题）lead to= act as a catalystA has made B+adj = A has rendered B+adj./ n.致使 （这里的宾语 B 后面 只能是 跟形容词或者名词）A has made B do sth

37、.= A has promoted/ impelled sb. to do sth.（注意这两个词后面 的宾语之后不能省略to）much higher= considerably/ substantially 大体上，实质上/ significantly highera little higher = marginallyma:d3inoli少量地，最低限地 higher/ slightly higher/ fractionally 极小地,微小地 higher160. begin = initiate （后者跟抽象概念更多，比如 initiate the conflict）/commence

38、161. stop =cease162. do not appear = disappear = go extinct =evaporate 蒸发，消失例.I am a somewhat shy individual, but I have found that within the medical environment my shyness evaporates.163. set.free = release （prisoners/ stress）164. fail to see =neglect/ overlook165. narrow= bridge the gap between A

39、 and B（注意 这里 bridge 作动词）反义widen the gap between A and B166. be forced to do sth. = be compelled to do sth.167. keep complaining about sth. = grumblegrAmbl about sth.抱怨”168. try hard to do sth. -pursue sth.（one,s goal/one career/ business interests/ maximum profit/ hegemony） carry out = implement 使生效

40、turn.into.= convert.to/ into.spread = propagate 传播，宣传/ disseminate （这两个词后面经常跟 information/ ideas/ belief 这类名词）flourish/ thrivedevelop （这里作“培cultivate/ foster/ nurture （这三个词后面经常跟和养的意 思 教育有关的名词，比如an interest in social issues）相关fast-developing burgeoning 萌芽的adopt （注意这个词不是adapt适应，而是接纳，accept采纳的意思） build

41、 = construct gather measure teach sth.garnerga:nn “获得，但这个词只能用在很正式的意思，而且略有贬义，比如 garner funding, garner support during the UN climate conference at Copenhagen gauge,比 measure 稍正式一点-impart sth./ inculcate inkAlkeit 谆谆教导 sth.（注意如果teach后面是人则不要替换）start = create= initiate 开始，创造”多用于政府类话题generate （一般是大规模的产生，

42、比如 generate employment opportunities/ generate tax revenue/ electricity）breed （一般是产生扃极的东西，比如 conflict/crime/resentment）spawn （一般是产生新事物，比如 spawn inventions/ innovations）support = espouse ipauz支持，后面跟某种重要的事业，类似的还有动词 champion （作动词不是冠军的意思了）和 动词sanction ”制裁，处罚，认可支持” （它作名词则变成了“制裁”）praise compliment/ extol

43、（后面这个语气很强）be worthy of sth = deserve sth值得拥有彳列:she deserves our praise and appreciationsupport- buttress 支持物，扶壁/ bolster 支持prove= confirm verify 核证，查实understand. to mean./ to be. choose sth./ choose to do sth. appear in large numbersuse- utilize/exploit recycle work assiduouslygain= acquire （注意 acqu

44、ire/ gain knowledge 比 learn knowledge 在地道英文中更 加常见）consider = contemplate/ reflect on/ pondermeet = encounter,多用于政府，土化或者success这样偏大一些的话题provide = afford sth.（在正式英文写作中，afford经常可以表示“提供”need= require （注意主语如果是人称则一般还需要使用need,但如果主语是事 物,则可以改用require）raise = elevate使振奋情绪，就是正式版的raise,但只是“提高”而不能表示抚养 小孩的意思like

45、sth. very much = have an affinity for sth./have a strong attachment to sth.be unhappy about= complain about （v.）/ be discontended with （adj.）ask for= requestlook like sth.= resemble sth.treat. poorly = mistreat./ abuse.“虐待”consider sth. valuable = value sth./ treasure sth./ cherish sth. “ 珍惜，珍藏某物”=m

46、aintain/ preserve （这个词后面经常跟 traditions/ cultural heritage/ wild animals/ natural resources 等）keep mix. together = blend/ combine/ synthesize tackle/ combat/ address discern interpret.as.（很多时候这个词并不是口译，而是把理解为）opt for sth./ opt to do sth.achieve= fulfill （ones dream/ one*s goal/ one*s potential/ ones o

47、bligation/ ones promise/ ones task） sprout up/ mushroommake. less serious= relieve/ ease/ alleviate （作文中经常用到的搭配有 relieve stress/ alleviate poverty/ ease the traffic congestion 等）pay.for （one*s loss）= compensate.fbr.try to do sth.= attempt to do sth. make a strenuous/ an arduous/ a painstaking effort to do sth.contribute to = reward.fbr./ pay.fbr （one*s effort）accelerate sth./ speed up sth. participate in prevail over make sth. faster （大家应该已 经注意到了，新托福议 论文的题目中经常出现outweight这个词用来比较事物 的重要性或者利弊，在作文中最好不要重 复考题中出现过的特征词汇） promote/ facilitate （这两个词都是及物动词，所 以不需要跟to