初升高英语十大词类介绍课件.pptx

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1、英语的十大词类1实词（有实际意义，能独立承担句子成分）名词名词 动词动词 代词代词 形容词形容词 副副词词 数词数词2虚词（没有实际意义，在句子中起到语法功能意义）介词介词 连词连词 冠词冠词 感叹词感叹词CONTENTS实词实词-名词名词概念：（英文noun，简称n.），表示人、事、物、地点或抽象概念的统一名称。它分为专有名词和普通名词。词汇举例：Mike apple-apples milk Beijing uncle-uncles coffee Australia thing-things water例句：I like apples.Tom is my friend.I would lik

2、e some water.实词实词-动动词词概念：（英文verb，简称v.），表示人或事物的动作和状态的词。它可分为实义动词，情态动词，系动词，助动词。词汇举例：wash can be do sing should get does laugh may feel did例句：Amy can swim.I wash my clothes.She feels happy.实词实词-代代词词概念：（英文pronoun，简称pron.），是代替名词或一句话的一种词类，大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。词汇举例：he their myself that me your herself these the

3、y ours each other such例句：She is a little girl.Whose bag is it?Its hers.Those are trees.代词：代词可分十类：人称代词：he,she物主代词：my,his,her反身代词：myself,himself相互代词：each other指示代词：this,that疑问代词：what,why关系代词:that,which,whom,who不定代词:some,any,all,none连接代词:and,or替代词:one,ones实词实词-形容词形容词概念：（英文adjective，简称adj.），是说明人或事物的属性、状

4、态或特征的词，在句子中主要作名词的装饰语。多数形容词具有比较等级。词汇举例：tidy Chinese purple smaller tall biggest例句：Its a tidy room.Our teacher is taller than we are.He is a Chinese cook.实词实词-副词副词概念：（英文adverb，简称adv.），指在句子中表示行为或状态特征的词，用以修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句。副词也有比较等级。词汇举例：often，fast，happily early-earlier-earliest例句：Lucy gets up earlier tha

5、n Lili.He works hard.My mum usually does chores after work.实词实词-数数词词概念：（英文numeral，简称num.），表示数目多少或顺序多少的词。分为两大类，即基数词和序数词。基数词表示数目；序数词表示顺序，序数词前一般要加the。词汇举例：one，seventeen，twenty，fifty-one，hundred first，second，sixth，twentieth，ninety-fifth例句：There are fifteen boys in our class.I am twelve.The first day of

6、May is May Day.虚词虚词-介介词词概念：（英文preposition，简称prep.），一般用于名词或者代词等的前面，表示该词与句中其他成分的关系，在句中不能单独做句子成分。词汇举例：at，on，in，over，between，for，with，by例句：There is a bridge over the river.He goes to work by bike.I will go shopping with my sister.方位介词：1）到达某地 in&atShe arrives in Australia.She arrives at the bus stop.2)里外

7、 in（范围内），on（接壤的），to（范围外）Mongolia is on the north of China.Guangdong province is in the southeast of China.Japan is to the east of China.Taiwan is to the east of Fujian and in the southeast of China.A.to,to B.on,in C.to,in D.on,to方位介词：3）上下on 在上（有接触面）beneath 在下（有接触面）over 在上（垂直）under 在下（垂直）above 在上（无接触

8、面，斜上）below 在下（无接触面，斜下）My little brother think monsters live B his bed.A.on B.under C.below D.above 方位介词：4）前后in front of in the front ofbehind Students sitting c the classroom are mostly girls.A.besides B.in front of C.in the front of D.among时间介词：in年in月in季节，in the后加早/午/晚，on天on日on星期，on加具体某天早/午/晚，at no

9、on,at night,at the weekend，at在某时某刻前1.They came to China in 1995.2.She will arrive here at noon.3.My family is always busy at the weekend.4.Children can get gifts on their birthdays.5.He usually goes to work at 7:30 a.m.on weekdays.6.Tom will have a maths test on August 11th.时间介词：in年in月in季节，in the后加早

10、/午/晚，on天on日on星期，on加具体某天早/午/晚，at noon,at night,at the weekend，at在某时某刻前7.I was born in May.8.We have two English lessons on Monday.9.It is not safe to walk home at night.10.Ms White often takes exercise in the afternoon.11.I always wake up very early on the morning of Christmas Day.12.People often go

11、swimming in summer.虚词虚词-连词连词概念：（英文conjunction，简称conj.），用来连接词与词、词组与词组或句子与句子，表示某种逻辑关系的虚词。可以表并列、转折、选择、因果关系等。词汇举例：and，but，or，so例句：Mary and john are good friends.I like to sing English songs and draw pictures.He is too weak,so he cant run.虚词虚词-冠词冠词概念：（英文article，简称art.），是一种虚词，本身不能独立使用，只能与名词放在一起，帮助说明名词所指的人

12、或事物。分为不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词。词汇举例：a,an,the例句：have a fever,play football,play the guitar.I met a lovely girl.The tiger is a wild animal.虚词虚词-感叹感叹词词概念：（英文interjections，简称int.），表示说话时喜悦、惊讶等情感的词。一般放在句首，后用逗号隔开，感情强烈时，可用感叹号表示。词汇举例：oh,ah,well,hey,wow例句：Oh,what is that?Well,I will help you.Wow!What a lovely gift!THANKS