不定式精讲课件-高三英语二轮复习.pptx

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1、非非谓谓语语动动词词不定式动名词动名词现在分词现在分词过去分词不定式的形式不定式一般式完成式进行式完成进行式主 动(not)to build(not)to have built(not)to be building(not)to have been building 被 动(not)to be built(not)to have been built 动词不定式的用法：一、作主语A.动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。（可由it作形式主语,而将真正的主语不定式后置。）1.1.To point out the mistakes you have To point out the mistake

2、s you have made made isis m my chief purposey chief purpose.2.2.Tobecomeaslaveistogiveuponesfreedom.3.It is impossible3.It is impossible for him to give up for him to give up smoking.smoking.$15tohaveapencilsharpenedisabitexpensivethough.4.乘飞机到那里仅用你大约2小时。Togettherebyairwilltakeyouonlyabouttwohours.I

3、twilltakeyouonlyabouttwohourstogettherebyair.5.可是花15美元雇人削铅笔是有点贵了。B:Itis+adj.+forsbtodosth.6.对于学生们来说，理解这篇文章很容易。It is easy for the students to understand thisarticle.7.对于一个十几岁的中学生来说，每天打3小时的电脑游戏将是非常有害的。Itwillbeveryharmfulforateenagerstudenttoplaycomputergamesfor3hoursaday.C:Itis+adj.ofsbtodosth.这些形容词是：

4、kind,good,nice,wise,unwise,clever,silly,wrong,right,foolish,stupid,careless,rude,polite,naughty.8.你太愚蠢了借给那个骗子那么多钱。Its foolish of you to lend so muchmoneytothatcheat.9.他这么年轻就辍学了实在太不明智。Itwasunwiseofhimtodropoutofschoolsoyoung.10.我妈妈今天提醒我带上一把雨伞，真是考虑的太周到了。看！下雨了。It is very considerate of my mother toremi

5、nd me to take an umbrella with metoday.Look!itisraining.二、作宾语二、作宾语通常后接不定式作宾语的动词及短语总结：ask,arrange,choose,demand(要求),plan,intend,mean(计划),manage,learn,wish,hope,desire,expect,long（渴望）,want,wouldlike,shouldlike,wouldprefer,agree,promise(同意),decide,determine,offer(主动提出),apply(申请),help(帮助),fail(不能、没有),pr

6、epare(准备),pretend(假装),refuse(拒绝),happen(碰巧),afford(负担得起),itisuptosbtodosth（该由某人做.),sbissaidtodo（据说某人做）等。巩固检查：不定式作宾语的动词句型汉译英巩固检查：不定式作宾语的动词句型汉译英1.要求做.2.安排做.3.选择做.4.计划做.5.打算做.6.设法做成.7.学习做.8.希望做.9.渴望做.10.同意做.巩固检查：不定式作宾语的动词句型汉译英巩固检查：不定式作宾语的动词句型汉译英1.要求做.asktodo;demandtodo;2.安排做.arrangetodo3.选择做.choosetodo

7、4.计划做.plantodo5.打算做.intendtodo;plantodo;meantodo6.设法做成.managetodo7.学习做.learntodo8.希望做.wishtodo;expecttodo;hopetodo9.渴望做.desiretodo10.同意做.agreetodo巩固检查：不定式作宾语的动词句型汉译英巩固检查：不定式作宾语的动词句型汉译英1.要求做.2.安排做.3.选择做.4.计划做.5.打算做.6.设法做成.7.学习做.8.希望做.9.渴望做.10.同意做.asktodo;demandtodo;arrangetodochoosetodoplantodointend

8、todo;plantodo;meantodomanagetodolearntodowishtodo;expecttodo;hopetododesiretodoagreetodo11.允诺做.12.喜欢做.13.决定做.14.假装做.15.拒绝做.16.碰巧做.17.帮助某人做.18.申请做.19.准备做.20.负担的起做.21.未能做.promisetodoliketodo;lovetodo,wouldliketoto;prefertododecidetodo;determinetodopretendtodorefusetodohappentodohelpsb(to)doapplytodobe

9、readytodo;preparetodoaffordtodofailtodov1.be supposed to do 应该做某事v2.be determined to do 决心要做某事v3.fail to do 未能做某事v4.go all out to do 全力以赴做某事v5.have the nerve to do 有胆量做某事v6.have a great mind to do 很想做某事v7.make up ones mind to do 决定做某事v8.make an effort to do 努力做某事v9.prepare oneself to do 有思想准备做某事v10.

10、take the trouble to do 不辞辛苦地做某事 11.be likely to do 很可能做很可能做 12.try ones best to do 竭尽全力做竭尽全力做v巩固：1.应该做某事v2.决心要做某事v3.未能做某事v4.全力以赴做某事v5.有胆量做某事v6.很想做某事v7.决定做某事v8.努力做某事v9.有思想准备做某事v10.不辞辛苦地做某事 11.很可能做很可能做 12.竭尽全力做竭尽全力做13.该由某人做该由某人做.14.随意做随意做.11.当他的妈妈进来的时候，Tom假装在睡觉。Tompretendedtobesleepingwhenhismothercam

11、ein.12.他碰巧正在调查那件事情。Hehappenedtobeinvestigatingtheevent.13.据说莫言的获诺贝尔奖的书蛙已被译成多种文字。MoYansNobelPrizebookFrogissaidtohavebeentranslatedintomanylanguages.14.非常抱歉昨天下午你的车在路上抛锚了，我们却未能帮忙。weweresorrynottohavegivenyouahelpinghandwhenyourcarbrokedownontheroadyesterdayafternoon.15.他的船沉了之后，那个水手奋力游到一个岛上。Thesailorma

12、nagedtoswimtoanislandafterhisboatsank.不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式短语放在宾补之后，而用往往把不定式短语放在宾补之后，而用itit作形作形式宾语。句型为式宾语。句型为“主语主语+find(feel,think,+find(feel,think,believe,consider,etc)+it+believe,consider,etc)+it+形容词形容词/名词名词+to+to do sth”do sth”。16.We consider it our responsibility to 16

13、.We consider it our responsibility to love our country.love our country.17.17.他认为有必要把这件事向领导汇报。他认为有必要把这件事向领导汇报。He thought it necessary to report the He thought it necessary to report the thing to the leader.thing to the leader.18.18.我觉得懂得如何急救是至关重要的。我觉得懂得如何急救是至关重要的。I find it vital to know how to do fi

14、rst I find it vital to know how to do first aid.aid.不定式作某些介词的宾语。不定式作某些介词的宾语。不定式在介词不定式在介词 but,except,besides,other than 后面后面时时,如果这些介词之前有行为动词如果这些介词之前有行为动词do(非助动词非助动词)的各的各种形式时种形式时,那么这些介词后面的不定式不带那么这些介词后面的不定式不带to,否则带否则带to。e.g.19.She could do nothing but cry.20.What do you like to do besides swim?21.He ha

15、d no choice but to flee.22.There was nothing for me to do other than wait until the meeting was over.23.The old man had nothing to do but watch TV.当句子的谓语动词是当句子的谓语动词是cant,cant help,cant choose 等结构时等结构时,but,except,besides后的不定式后的不定式to 也省略。也省略。24.We cant but admire his bravery.25.We cant choose but wait

16、.26.She is such a lovely girl that I cant help but love her.三、三、作表语作表语27.27.一个喜剧演员的工作就是逗人们笑。一个喜剧演员的工作就是逗人们笑。A comedians work is to make people A comedians work is to make people laugh.laugh.28.28.她的愿望就是献身于帮助需要帮助的人。她的愿望就是献身于帮助需要帮助的人。Her wish is to devote her life to helping Her wish is to devote her

17、life to helping those in need.those in need.【注意注意】如果在主语中（通常在主语从句或修如果在主语中（通常在主语从句或修饰主语的定语从句中）有实义动词饰主语的定语从句中）有实义动词dodo时，作表时，作表语的动词不定式省略语的动词不定式省略toto。29.All I want to do now(What I want to 29.All I want to do now(What I want to do now)isdo now)is fill my stomach.fill my stomach.四、作宾语补足语四、作宾语补足语A.A.在感官动

18、词（在感官动词（see,hear,feel,listen to see,hear,feel,listen to,notice,watch,observe,notice,watch,observe等）和使役动词等）和使役动词（let,havelet,have，make make）后的补足语中，不定）后的补足语中，不定式不带式不带toto。但这类句子变成被动语态时，必须。但这类句子变成被动语态时，必须带带toto。30.I saw him30.I saw him play in the park.play in the park.He was seen He was seen to play in

19、 the park.to play in the park.31.The boss made those men31.The boss made those men work day and work day and night.night.Those men were made Those men were made to work day and to work day and night.night.32.Wesawhimbreakthestick.Hewasseentobreakthestick.B.可后接动词不定式作宾补的动词有：advise,allow,permit,ask,tel

20、l,want,order,wish,expect,help,get,invite,persuade,cause,remind,teach,train,warn,bear,encourage,beg,request,force,oblige,drive,demandof,command,elect,forbid,callon等。(sb.+todosth.)33.医生建议她不要吃太多的糖。Thedoctoradvisedhernottoeattoomuchsugar.34.我终于说服了我的哥哥坐飞机去昆明，而不是乘火车。FinallyIpersuadedmybrothertogotoKunming

21、byairinsteadofbytrain.35.政府号召我们保护环境。政府号召我们保护环境。The government calls on us to protect our environment.C.believe,consider,count,declare,feel,find,guess,imagine,judge,know,prove,realize,suppose,think等动词后可接tobe作宾补。36.他自称是名大学生。Hedeclaredhimselftobeacollegestudent.37.警察局证实他是小偷。Thepoliceprovedhimtobeathief

22、.D.hope,demand,suggest等动词不能后接动词不定式作宾补。38.Ihopemysonwillbebacksoon.Ihopemysontobebacksoon.(wrong)39.Shedemandedtobetoldeverything.Shedemandedofustotellhereverything.Shedemandedthatsheshouldbetoldeverything.Shedemandedustotellhereverything.(wrong)40.ShesuggeststhatTomnothaveadiscussionaboutitwithher./

23、Shesuggestsnothavingadiscussionaboutitwithher.五、作后置定语五、作后置定语41.41.到达这个岛的唯一办法就是乘船。到达这个岛的唯一办法就是乘船。The only way to get to the island is by The only way to get to the island is by boat.boat.42.42.要想多活要想多活14 14 年，有几件好事需要做：不要年，有几件好事需要做：不要吸烟，多吃水果和蔬菜，经常锻炼。吸烟，多吃水果和蔬菜，经常锻炼。To get an extra 14 years of life,the

24、re To get an extra 14 years of life,there are a few good things to do:dont are a few good things to do:dont smoke,eat lots of fruits and vegetables smoke,eat lots of fruits and vegetables and exercise regularly.and exercise regularly.43.43.他们制定了一个探索火星的计划。他们制定了一个探索火星的计划。They made a plan to explore Ma

25、rs.They made a plan to explore Mars.44.这些无家可归的人也没有东西可吃。Thesehomelesspeoplealsohavenothingtoeat.A.下列名词后常接动词不定式作定语：ability,attempt,chance,courage,decision,effort,failure,promise,way,wish等。45.但是她放弃了出国的机会。Butshegaveupthechancetogoabroad.B.由only,first,last,next以及序数词序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词后，也常接不定式作定语。46.接下来要做的事情就

26、是交上你的作文。Thenextthingtodoishandinyourcomposition.B.作定语的不定式与所修饰的名词之间是动宾关系，不定式动词又是不及物动词时，应在该动词上加上一个介词。47.在这个大草原上我们很难找到一个小旅馆住宿。It was hard for us to find an inn to stay in on this vast grassland.48.突然，一首诗出现在他的脑际，不幸的是，他当时没有笔写，所以，他永远失去了那首诗。Suddenly a poem appeared in his mind,unfortunately,he had no pen t

27、o write with.So he lost it forever.六、六、作状语作状语A.A.不定式作状语时，可表示目的，原因，结果或条件。不定式作状语时，可表示目的，原因，结果或条件。不定式作目的状语时，常用不定式作目的状语时，常用(not)to do,in order(not)to do,in order(not)to do,(not)to do,so as(not)to doso as(not)to do（不可以位于句首）（不可以位于句首）。49.49.李明如此努力学习为的是弥补失去的时间。李明如此努力学习为的是弥补失去的时间。LiMingstudiedsohardinorderto

28、makeupforthelosttime.50.她如此匆忙以至没注意到我。她如此匆忙以至没注意到我。Shewasinsuchahurryasnottonoticeme.B.B.不定式可以跟在作表语的形容词之后作状语。不定式可以跟在作表语的形容词之后作状语。51.51.这个问题很难回答。这个问题很难回答。The question is difficult The question is difficult to answerto answer.52.为了活下去，为了活下去，他们苦干攒钱为的是买一台电脑。他们苦干攒钱为的是买一台电脑。To survive,they worked hard to s

29、ave money to buy a computer.（目的）（目的）53.知道中秋节要放知道中秋节要放3天假，我们非常兴奋。天假，我们非常兴奋。We are very excited to know that we are going to have a 3-day holiday during the Mid-Autumn Festival.（原因）（原因）54.在上班的路上，在上班的路上，Peter救了一个女孩的命，救了一个女孩的命，然后匆忙赶往办公室，结果被告知他被解雇了，然后匆忙赶往办公室，结果被告知他被解雇了，因为这是他第三次迟到了。因为这是他第三次迟到了。Peter saved

30、 a girls life on his way to work and then hurried to his office,only to be told by the boss that he was fired as it was the third time that he had been late.(出乎预料的结果）出乎预料的结果）55.只要你看上一眼那朵花，你就永远不会忘记它。只要你看上一眼那朵花，你就永远不会忘记它。To look at the flower,you will never forget it.56.要想把一门外语学好，你必须投入大量的时间要想把一门外语学好，你

31、必须投入大量的时间和努力才行。和努力才行。57.To learn a foreign language well,you must spend a lot of time and effort on it.58.58.要想了解更多关于我们的产品的信息，请访要想了解更多关于我们的产品的信息，请访问我们的网站。问我们的网站。To know more about our products,please To know more about our products,please visit our website.visit our website.B.B.有些不定式短语可以做独立成份，通常放在有些

32、不定式短语可以做独立成份，通常放在句首，有时置于句中或句未，须用逗号的开。句首，有时置于句中或句未，须用逗号的开。59.To be honest,we are not sure to find the girl in the forest.totellyouthetruth说老实话；tobeginwith首先；tosaynothingof姑且不说；sotospeak可以这么说；tobesure诚然，固然；tobeexact精确地说；todohimjustice说句对他公道的话；tomakealongstoryshort长话短说；tobefrank坦率地说；tobebrief简言之；toconc

33、lude总而言之。vC.不定式可用于感叹句，含有惊异、不满、不定式可用于感叹句，含有惊异、不满、惋惜或赞美等感情色彩。惋惜或赞美等感情色彩。60.Tothinkthatheshoulddothis!v想想，他竟然干出这等事！想想，他竟然干出这等事！(表示惊讶表示惊讶)61.Oh,God,toseeherdance!v哦，天哪，看看她的舞蹈！哦，天哪，看看她的舞蹈！(表示赞美表示赞美)62.Tothinkthatallthemoneyhasbeenwasted.v想想，所有的钱都被浪费掉了！想想，所有的钱都被浪费掉了！(表示不满表示不满)七、疑问词七、疑问词+to do:可以作主语、表语和宾语。

34、可以作主语、表语和宾语。63.教授正在告诉学生如何做实验。教授正在告诉学生如何做实验。The professor is telling the students how to do the experiment.64.我们不知道下一步该干什么。我们不知道下一步该干什么。We wondered what to do next.65.在哪里放书橱的问题正困扰着我们。在哪里放书橱的问题正困扰着我们。where to put the bookcase is puzzling us.66.问题是是否应该卖掉旧家具。问题是是否应该卖掉旧家具。The problem is whether to sell the old furniture.67.男孩盯着他的父母和爷爷奶奶，不知道该听男孩盯着他的父母和爷爷奶奶，不知道该听谁的话。谁的话。The boy stared at his parents and grandparents,not knowing whose advice to follow.