【高考语法】定语从句专讲专练.pdf

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1、定语从句专讲专练第一讲一、导入：二、幽默小火花 Money is not everything.Theres MasterCard&Visa.vi：za n.（护照等的）签证，背签，入国许可；（表示同意、批准的）签字，签名 v t.给签证，签发（护照）；签准 亦作vise钞票不是万能的,有时还需要信用卡.One should love animals.They are so tasty.每个人都应该热爱动物，因为它们很好吃.God made relatives;Thank God we can choose our friends.神决定了谁是你的亲戚，幸运的是在选择朋友方面他给了你留了余地。

2、三、新授：【专题讲解】考点一正确区分关系代词that,which,who,whom及所有格whoseT hat除了定语都可以W hich指物做主宾W ho指人做主语W hom指人做宾语W hose指人指物做定语*典型例题.（09 天津）A person_e-mail account is full wont be able to send or receive any e-mails.A.who B.whom C.whose D.whoever【解析】C 考查定语从句的用法。分析先行词和定语从句的关系发现先行词在定语从句中作定语，故 选 C 符合。重点区别：that与 which指物时的区别。

3、当先行词是物时，that和 which 一般可以换用，但在下列情况下一般常用that：当先行词为不定代词时，如:anything,nothing,everjthing,all,any,（a）little,（a）few,none,much,one。注意：something作先行词有时可用which。*典型例题（10湖北77）My mother was so proud of all_（我所做的）that she rewarded me with a trip to Beijing.（do）答案：that I had done考点：定语从句解析：先行词是“all”的时候，定语从句只能由“that”

4、引导，又因为主句是一般过去时，“我”所做的事情是过去已经完成的事情，所以要用过去完成时。*典型例题（10全 国 1116）I refuse to accept the blame for something was someone elses fault.A.who B.that C.as D.what答案：B考点：定语从句。解析：不定代词something作主语，用 that引导。当先行词被 all,any,every,each,few,no,some 修饰时。当先行词被 the very,the only,the same,the last 修饰时That is the only way

5、that leads to your success.那是通向你成功的唯一之路。当先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时This is the most impressive TV theater that has never been put on show before.这是以前从未上演过的最有感染力的电视剧。当先行词中既有人又有物时。当先行词是who或which时。但在下列情况下一般用which而不用that：引导非限制性定语从句。*典型例题（2008 江苏）The Science Mu s e u m,we visited duringa recent trip to Britain,i

6、s one of Londons tourist attractions.A.which B.what C.that D.where解析：答案为A。句意：在最近一次去英国的旅游中，我们参观了科技博物馆，它是伦敦的旅游景点之一。which引导非限制性定语从句，在定语从句中作visited的宾语，修饰先行词The Science Museum,that不可用于非限制性定语从句，what不可引导定语从句。*（2007 浙江）Chans restaurant on Baker S t r e e t,u s e d to be poorly run,is now a successfulbusines

7、s.A.that B.which C.who D.where解析：答案为B。句意：Chan的饭店坐落在Baker街上，过去经营得不好，现在成功了。这是一个典型的非限制性定语从句，先行词是nistauraiit,where是个陷阱项，从句缺少的是主语，whei在从句中只能作状语，故不能选。正确选项为瓦 在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中。（如果介词不提到关系代词前，而是放在定语从句句末时可用that）*典型例题（09 陕西）Gun control is a subject _ Americans have argued for a long time.A.of which B.with whi

8、ch C.about which D.into which【解析】C考查定语从句，先行词是Gim control,指物，关系词在从句中做介词的宾语，介词前置，介词与从句动词构成搭配argue about s th,选C。考点二：正确区分关系代词（that或which）与关系副词when（表时间），where（表地点），why（表原因）解题技巧：关系副词在从句中作状语，关系代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。*典型例题（2008 安徽）AH the neighbors admire this family the parents are treating their child likea frie

9、nd.A.why B.where C.which D.that解析：答 案 为 B o 句意：邻居们都羡慕这个家庭，在这个家庭中父母对待孩子像对待朋友一样。考查引导定语从句的关系词，先行词为this family,代入定语从句后为：The parents are treating their child like a friend inthis fam ily.由此可知，先行词在定语从句中作状语，故 where或 in which为正确答案。*典型例题（2008 重庆）They will fly to Wa s h i n g t o n,t h e y plan to stay for tw

10、o or three days.A.where B.there C.which D.when解析：答 案 为 A o 句意：他们将乘飞机去华盛顿，他们打算在那里呆两到三天。本题考查非限制性定语从句。先行词为 Washington,代入定语从句后为 they plan to stay in Washington for two or three d a y s.由此可知，先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。5.（09浙江）I have reached a point in my life_ lamsupposed to make decisions of my own.A.wh

11、ich B.where C.how D.why【解析】B考查定语从句关系副词的选择。分析句式in my life为插入成分；point为先行词，在定语从句中先行词做地点状语，意思为“我应该做出我自己决定的地方（某一点）”考点三：对介词后接关系代词而不接关系副词的考查：介词后用which还 是 whom；以及介词如何确定解题技巧：既然介词后接宾语，自然用（关系）代词，而不用副词（因副词常作状语，不作宾语）；先行词指物,用“介 词+which”，指人用“介 词+whom,且两个关系代词均不可省略；介词的选取必须遵循“一先，二动,三意义”的原则，即：（1）与先行词搭配；（2）与定语从句谓语动词搭配；

12、（3）与整句话的含义搭配。*典型例题.（2008 福建）By nine oclock,all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of MountQ o m o la n g m a,a p p e a r e d a rare rainbow soon.A.of which B.on which C.from which D.above which解析：答 案 为 D o 句意为：到九点止，所有的奥运火炬手都登上了珠峰峰顶，很快一道奇特的彩虹显现在山顶的上方。从题意可知，rainbow应显现在山顶上方，故用介词above。B 选 项 o

13、n不对，on表 示“在.上面”，往往和所指物体表面接触，above指在某物的上方。*典型例题（2008 上海）We went through a period communications were very difficult in therural areas.A.which B.whose C.in which D.with which解析：答 案 为 C o 句意：我们经历了一个乡村地区通讯难的时期。a period为先行词，代入从句中为communications were very difficult in the rural areas in the period 由此可见，先行

14、词在定语从句中作介词 in 的宾语，故 C 正确。考点四：定语从句和强调句型混台考查解题技巧：做题时，应分清句子结构。另外，强调句型可以还原，而定语从句则不可。其次，强调句型的引导词that或 者 who只起引导词的作用，而定语从句的引导词不只起引导作用，还在定语从句中作一定的成分。*典型例题.（2007 山东）一 Where did you get to know her?It was on the farm we worked.A.that B.there C.which D.where解析：答案为D。句意：一你在哪儿认识她的？一在我们工作的农场。本句是省略了 that从句的强调句型,在被

15、强调部分中的名词farm后有一个定语从句。补充完整后，该句应为：It was on the farm（where We worked）that I got to know her.考点五：which和 a s引导的非限制性定语从句指代整个句子的区别解题技巧：L as作关系代词指代整个句子，引导的非限制性定语从句可以位于句首、句中和匀末，译成“正如，正 像 二 which作关系代词也指整个句子，但从句不能位于句首，译 成“这22关系代词指整个句子时，as后 可 接 分 词 构 成 省 略 的 定 语 从 句，而 which不能。3在下列结构中多用a s 引导非限制性定语从句：aseverybod

16、y can see,as we all know,as is well known,as we had expected,as often happens,as has been saidbefore o*典型例题.（2006 江苏）The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ morepeople to keep it r u n n i n g,m e a n t spending tens of thousands of pounds.A.who B.that C.as D.which解析：

17、答 案 为 D o 句意：那家电影院的主人需要大胆创新并雇佣更多的人来使电影院运转，这意味着要花费数万英镑。此处是非限制性定语从句，不能用that引导。as表 示“正像，正如，不符合题意。which指上文一句话的意思，译 成“这，故选择D。*典型例题.（2008 全国 n）The road conditions there turned out to be very good,was more thanwe could expect.A.it B.what C.which D.that解析：答案为C。句意：结果那儿的路况很好，出乎我们的预料。which用于引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面的情况。

18、由逗号可知，本句不是并列句，排除A 项；what不引导定语从句；that不引导非限制性定语从句。*典型例题.（2008 福建）一who should be responsible for the accident?The boss,not the workers.They just carried out the order,A.as told B.as are told C.as telling D.as they told解析：答案为Ao句意：一谁应该对事故负责？一是老板，不是工人，他们仅仅是按告知的指令行事，as told是 asistold 的省略形式。as的意思是“正如，按照”。考点

19、六：that引导定语从句和名词性从句的区别解题技巧：关系词that引导定语从句时，做成分，有意义，不省略。连 词 that引导名词性从句时，不做成分，无意义，除直接跟在动词后引导宾语从句时可以省略外，一般不能省略。另外，同位语从句是对名词内容的解释与说明，定语从句是对先行词的修饰和限定。*典型例题.（2008 陕西）Tomorrow is Toms birthday.Have you got any idea the party is to beheld?A.what B.which C.that D.where解析：答案为D。句意：明天是汤姆的生日。你认为晚会应当在哪里举行？where引导一

20、个同位语从句，并在同位语从句里作地点状语。*典型例题.（2006 安徽）A warm thought suddenly came to me I might use the pocket money to buysome flowers for my mothers birthday.A.if B.when C.that D.which解析：答 案 为 C o 句意：我脑海中突然出现了一个温情的念头，用我的零花钱给妈妈买些鲜花作为她的生日礼物。本题考查名词性从句的用法。I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers

21、 birthday不缺任何成分，因此用thato本题a warm thought与其同位语从句被suddenly came to m e隔开，增加了试题难度。此外，部分考生由于对名词性从句和定语从句区分不清楚，误 选 D 项。考点七：定语从句中加入插入语解题技巧：插入语紧接关系词之后。解题时应注意将插入成分取出，从而化解难题。能用作插入语的句子有：I am sure,I believe,I think,I know,I suppose,I hope,Im afraid,you see,whafs more,that is to say,as weknow,as I see,believe it

22、 or not 等。*典型例题 13.（2005 福建，35）Is that the small town you often refer to?Right,just the one you know I used to work for years.A.that B.which C.where D.what解析：答案为c。you know插入语，可以把它去掉。先行词是the one（the town）,把先行词代入定语从句为：I used to work in the town for y ea rs,由此可判断，先行词与in连用作地点状语，所以用关系副词where,不能把you know看

23、成是定语从句。考点八：分割定语从句的考查解题技巧：根据句子的意义找到定语从句和它的先行词，让定语从句紧跟先行词，然后根据定语从句中缺少什么成分来确定选用关系代词还是关系副词。*典型例题.（2008 山东）Occasions are quite rare I have the time to spend a day with my kids.A.who B.which C.why D.when解析：答 案 为 D o 句意：我一整天都和孩子待在一起的这种机会是很少的。when引导的从句作Occasions的定语，整个句子调整一下顺序为：Occasions when I have the time

24、 to spend a day with my kids are quite rare.这样就很容易理解了。*典型例题.（2008 江西）Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers consumercomplaints have resulted in changes in the law.A.where B.when C.who D.which解析：答 案 为 A o 句意：后来，在这个章节中，消费者的抱怨已产生了法律方面的一些变化，这些案例将会介绍给读者。句 中 由 where引导的定语从句修饰其前面的cases,构

25、成 in the ca ses,主 句 是 cases will beintroduced to readers,出现了定语从句的分隔现象。Exercises:1.There are three bedrooms in the h o u s e,i s Marys.A the smallest of which B the smaller of whichC the smallest of them D the smallest one2.The Greens will move into the new house next M o n d a y,it will be completel

26、y finished.A by the time B by which time C by that time D by this time3.Alice has a large collection of p h o n e,w a s taken in london.A none of them B no one of which C all of which D none of which4.With the fast development of agriculture,the people_ village I taught before lived a happy life.A w

27、ho B whose C in whose D in which5.There is a moutain_the top is always covered with snow.A whose B of which C its D that6.She may have missed her train,in case she won*t arrive for another hour.A what B that C which D this7.1)1 have three children,and two of are doctors.2)1 have three children,two o

28、f are doctors.8.There two thousand students in our school,_are girls.A two-thirds in which B two-thirds in them C two-thirds of them D of whom two thirds9.1 have bought two ballpens,writes well.A neither of them B none of them C neither of which D none of which(1-6ABDCBC7 9B DDC)特殊结构定语从句点击1.These ho

29、uses are sold at such a low price people expected.A.like B.as C.that D.which2.Ive never heard so interesting a story you told me.A.as B.that C.of which D.about which3.Ive seen the same film you saw yesterday.A.that B.which C.as D.like4.ril buy the same coat you wear.A.that B.which C.as D.like5.He ma

30、de another wonderful d i s c o v e r y,o f great importance to science.A.which I think isB.which I think it isC.which I think itD.I think is6.is known to everybody,the moon travels round the earth once eve叮 month.A.It B.As C.That D.What7.This is the first time_ he has been here.A.that B.when C.at wh

31、ich D.which8.1 don*t like you speak to her.A.the way B.they way in that C.the way which D.the way of which答案与简析：l.B o 当先行词被such修饰时，定语从句用as引导，即构成结构为“such+(a/an)+形容词+名词+as”引导的定语从句，意为”像 一样的工整个句子意为：这些房屋以人们原来估计的那样低的价格出售。2.A o 由 so interesting a story=such an interesting story和上面一题的解释便可得知答案。as在定语从句中作宾语。整句

32、意为：我从未听说过像你告诉我那样有趣的故事。3.A4.C o 当先行词被same修饰时，定语从句由that或 as引导，但意思不同。用 that引导定语从句指同一物，而用 as引导定语从句指同类事物。5.A o 做此题的关键是要知道I think在定语从句中作插入语，做题时将其去掉便可容易得到答案。6.Bo A s在此引导非限制性定语从句，代表它所修饰的整个句子内容，并且它可放在所修饰句子的前、中或后面。其常见结构如：as you know,as is said above,as is often the case(情况经常是这样)等。如选A,则需将逗号改为that；如 选D,则需将逗号改为i

33、s that。7.A o 当先行词为the first time,the last time等时，定语从句的引导词用that而不用when。8.A o 当先行词为way时，定语从句的引导词用that或 in which,也可省略。定语从句1.This is the best factory_we visited last year.A.where B.which C.in which D.that2.1s this the factory computers are built?A.that B.which C.in which D.in that3.please pass me the di

34、ctionary cover is red.A.whose B.its C.which D.which of4.The man_has arrived.A.whom I told you B.that I told youC.whom I told you about him D.I told you about5.Do you know the comrade_ we are talking?A.to whom B.to who C.whom D.to that6.They visited the house_ the great writer was born.A.from where B

35、.in which C.which D.in where7.The comrade_ is speaking at the meeting is my teacher A.whom B.which C.who D.whose8.He asked us to watch carefully everything_ he did in class.A.who B.that C.what D.where9.Til visit the professor tomorrow,_ he will be back from Shanghai.A.who B.that C.when D.whichlO.The

36、 school_I study is a new one,A.on which B.at where C.on that D.at which11.China has many isla n d s,th e largest is Taiwan.A.in which B.at which C.which D.of which12.The city_ my mother grew up is not far from here.A.what B.where C.that D.which13.Our teacher lives in the house door faces to the nort

37、h.A.which B.his C.that D.whose14.Do you know the man_ your father nodded?A.whom B.to whom C.to who D.about whom15.Wrestling is a sport in_ people easily get hurt.A.that B.when C.which D.what16.1 told you_I know.A.all thatB.all which C.all what D.all whom17.China has a lot of famous writers,one_is Lu

38、 Xun.A.of whichB.of whom C.of who D.of them18.Is this factory_we visited last year?A.in whichB.around that C.whom D.the one19.VVho is the man_was there?A.whoB.which C.that D.whom20.Is there anything_I can do for you,sir?A.thatB.which C.whose D.who21.1 still remember the day she first wore that green

39、 dress.A.which22.The knife _A.with which23.The games _A.in whichB.in which C.on that D.on which_ we used to cut the bread is very sharp.B.with it C.with that D.which_ the young men competed in were difficult.B.which C.it D.who24.lt rained hard yesterday,_prevented me from going to the park.A.that B.

40、which C.as D.it25.George Mallory was an English school teacher loved climbing.A.who B.whom C.he D.which历届高考英语单项选择题定语从句精选26.His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone_ family was poor.A.of whom B.whom C.of whose D.whose27.She heard a terrible n o i s e,b r o u g h t her heart into her mouth.A.it B.whic

41、h C.this D.that28.1n the dark street,there wasnt a single person she could turn for help.A.th at B.who C.from whom D.to whom29.The weather turned out to be very good,was more than we could expect.A.what B.which C.that D.it3O.After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town_ he gre

42、w up as a child.A.which B.where C.that D.when31.Carol said the work would be done by October,_ personally I doubt very much.A.it B.that C.when D.which32.Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the pl a y,o f course,made the others unhappy.A.who B.which C.this D.what33.Recently I bought an

43、ancient Chinese vase,was very reasonable.A.which price C.the price of whichC.its price D.the price of whose34.has already been pointed out,grammar is not a set of dead rules.A.As B.It C.That D.Which35.He lived in London for 3 months,during time he learned some English.A.this B.which C.that D.same36.

44、On the wall hung a p ic t u r e,c o lo r is blue.A.whose B.of which C.which D.its37.Whenever I met him,was fairly often,I like his sweet and hopeful smile.A.what B.which C.that D.when38.The visitor asked the guide to take his picture stands the famous tower.A.that B.where C.which D.there39.The boss_

45、 department Ms King worked ten years ago look down upon women.A.in which B.in that C.in whose D.whose40.1 dont like_ you speak to her.A.the way B.the way in that C.the way which D.the way of which41.1 had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella,I got wet through.A.Ifs the reason B.Thafs whyC.Theres why D

46、.If s how42.He made another wonderful discovery,of great importance to science.A.which I think is B.which I think it isC.which I think it D.I think which is定语从句答案：1-5DCADA 6-10 BCBCD 11-15 DBDBC 16-20 ABDCA 21-25 DABBAKEYS:26-30 DBDBB 31-35 DBCAB 36-40 ABBCA 41-42 BA巩固练习1.（09 天津）A person e-mail acco

47、unt is full wont be able to send or receive any e-mails.A.who B.whom C.whose D.whoever【解析】C 考查定语从句的用法。分析先行词和定语从句的关系发现先行词在定语从句中作定语，故 选 C 符合。2.（09 天津）I travel to the Binhai New Area by light railway every d a y,d o many businessmen who live indowntown Tianjin.A.as B.which C.when D.though【解析】A考 查 as连接的

48、倒装句式。按照句意此处as有正如，正像的意思，故 as符合。3.（09 陕西）Gun control is a subject _ Americans have argued for a long time.A.of which B.with which C.about which D.into which【解析】C 考查定语从句，先行词是Gim control,指物，关系词在从句中做介词的宾语，介词前置，介词与从句动词构成搭配argue about s th,选 C。4.（09 四川）Shell never forget her stay there she found her son wh

49、o had gone missing two years before.A.that B.which C.where D.when【解析】D 考查定语从句的用法。her stay为先行词，可以理解为抽象的一段时间（她呆在那里期间），when指 代 her stay在定语从句中做时间状语。5.（09 浙江）I have reached a point in my life I am supposed to make decisions of my own.A.which B.where C.how D.why【解析】B考查定语从句关系副词的选择。分析句式in my life为插入成分；point

50、为先行词，在定语从句中先行词做地点状语，意思为“我应该做出我自己决定的地方（某一点）”6.（09 北京）一VVhat do you think of teacher,Bob?I find it fun and challenging.It is a job_you are doing something serious but interesting.A.where B.which C.when D.that【解析】A考查定语从句用法。分析定语从句主谓宾完整，说明应该填关系副词，先行词为a j o b,定语从句的意思是在这个工作中，所以答案用w heu引导的定语从句。7.（09 福建）Its