上海名校高中自主招生英语阅读理解（培优）第2讲：阅读理解单选题（含答案）.pdf

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1、第02讲：名校高中自主招生阅读理解单选题 考点归纳、考前巩固、真题链接Q解 题 技 巧+阅读理解是考查学生综合能力的一个重要题型，主要考查考生对阅读材料的理解能力、对材料中有效信息的捕捉能力等。细节题考查文章中有关事情发生的具体细节题目，如：时间、地点、人物、事件经过、方式、结果等;推断类方法点拨：此类题主要考查学生对文中某些词、句子或段落进行推理或根据句子的语气、文章论调和倾向进行推断的能力。解答此类试题时，需注意以文章提供的事实和线索为依据，由已知推及未知，遵循“词不离句，句不离段，段不离篇”的原则。常见的设题方式有：What can you conclude（推断）from this p

2、assage?We can infer（推断）from the passage that.词汇猜测类方法点拨：此类题主要考查学生对某个“单词、短语或句子 在特定语言环境下具体含义的理解。解答此类题，可采用以下五类猜词技巧：利用构词法；利用同义词、近义词、反义词；利用定义和解释猜词；利用例证猜词；根据生活常识猜词。另外，采用“代入法”也十分有效，即：将备选答案逐一带入文中，哪个使句子通顺、连贯，且与上下文语境符合，即为正确答案。标题归纳类方法点拨：此类题主要考查学生对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。解答此类试题时，需注意以下五点：以原文为依据，不掺杂个人意见；注意绝对化的词，选最适合本篇文章

3、的；答案避免以点带面，以偏概全；文章没提到的，不要妄自猜测，一切以文章内容为准。因此，所选的标题一般须符合三个标准：概括性、有针对性、醒目性。另外，山西中考阅读理解(一)还会从“词汇猜测、标题归纳、主旨大意 角度进行命题，针对这三种命题角度，考生也可采用以下技巧进行解答：主旨大意题方法点拨：此类题主要考查考生对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。寻找主题句往往是做好此类题的关键。在解答此类题目时，不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义，涉及文章的标题(title)、主题(main idea)、结论(conclusion)等有关问题，都需要在细读全文的基础上，结合所学知识进行逻辑推理、判断，从而获取文

4、章中的内在信息。常见的设题方式有：Whats the main idea of the passage?What does the text/passage mainly tell us?解答选择型阅读理解题，可以大概分为三个步骤，具体如下：一、快速阅读短文先读题，明确题目要求，然后带着问题去读文章，这种方法称为寻读。快速阅读一遍全文，弄清段落大意，对全文有一个整体了解，阅读时从宏观入手，掌握中心意思，注意哪些是用以说明中心意思的主要事实和细节，抓住关键词，弄清作者的写作目的及意图。如遇到生词，应先跳过，继续阅读全文，切忌长时间猜测生词的意思，因为有些生词并不影响对全文的理解，还有一些词可以通

5、过上下文推测出其含义。二、认真逐题作答阅读完短文后，对整篇短文的内容有了大致的了解，然后再看文章后的问题，如果属于客观事实题，可直接在短文中找到答案。如果是主观判断题，则应再次迅速通读全文，仔细分析思考。三、仔细检查答案做完所有题目后，再读一遍短文，逐一检查所有答案是否有误。如果有不太确定的答案，不要随意更改。一定要从原文中找到依据，方可更正。Q典 例 剖 析 AA（说明文）We usually think of pollution as a harmful waste substance that threatens the air and water.But somepeople have

6、 become concerned about another kind of pollution.It can be everywhere,depending on thetime of the day.And it is not thought of as a substance.It is light.The idea of light pollution has developed with the increase of lights in cities.In many areas,this lightmakes it difficult or impossible to obser

7、ve stars and planets in the night sky.In 1988,the InternationalDark-Sky Association formed.This organization wants to reduce light pollution in the night sky.It alsourges the effective use of electric lighting.There are a number of reasons why light pollution is important.One has become clear at the

8、 MountWilson Observatory near Los Angeles,California.Mount Wilson Observatory was home to the largesttelescopes in the world during the first half of the Nineteen Hundreds.During that period,Los Angeles grew to become one of Americas biggest cities.Today,light from Los Angeles makes the night sky ab

9、ove Mount Wilson very bright.It is no longer animportant research centre because of light pollution.Light pollution threatens to reduce the scientific value of research telescopes in other importantobservatories.They include Lick Observatory near San Jose,California and Yerkes Observatory nearChicag

10、o,Illinois.Light pollution is the result of wasted energy.Bright light that shines into the sky is not being used toprovide light where it is needed on Earth.Poorly designed lighting causes a great deal of light pollution.Lights that are brighter than necessary also cause light pollution.Objects in

11、the night sky are resourcesthat provide everyone with wonder.But light pollution threatens to prevent those wonderful sights frombeing seen.1.In the passage the main concern of the writer is t hat.A.too much energy is wasted as a result of the use of lightB.Americans will no longer enjoy the beautif

12、ul sight of the solar systemC.light pollution in North America is more serious than that in other areasD.it becomes more difficult to observe stars and planets in the night sky as a result of light pollution2.The main purpose of the International Dark-Sky Association is to.A.make the night sky brigh

13、t and prettyB.stop the use of electric lightingC.prevent the overuse of electric lightingD.observe stars and planets through a telescope3.One of the reasons why reducing light pollution is important is t hat.A.the telescope in all the observatories will not be effective at all due to light pollution

14、B.light pollution threatens to reduce the scientific value of research in some important researchcentresC.it is possible that the world map will be unclear at lastD.the light needed on Earth isnt made good use of4.How many observatories are mentioned in the passage?A.3.B.4.C.5.D.6.【答案】DCBA【解析】l.D。本文

15、主要讲了一种特殊的污染灯光，它使得在许多地区的晚上观察星星很难或不可能。2.C o 根据第二段最后两句可知。3.B o 根据倒数第二段第一句可知。4.Ao 它们分别是：Mount Wilson Observatory,Lick Observatory 和 Yerkes ObservatoryoB(应用文)The following actors and actresses are among those who have achieved great success in acting.Ingrid Bergman(1915-1982)Like many artists,this Swedis

16、h actress left wartime Europe for Hollywood.She is remembered forher acting talent and her pure,simple beauty.She was nominated(提名)for the best actress AcademyAward four times and won twice.Gregory Peck(1916-2003)Gregory Peck was known for his heroic roles.He was nominated for the best actor Academy

17、 Awardfive times and won once fbr To Kill a Mockingbird.Peck starred in Roman Holiday and was Hepburnslifelong good friend.He later became president of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences andheld the position for three years.Audrey Hepburn(1929-1993)Born to a family of a Baroness(男爵夫人)an

18、d an English banker,Andrey spoke six languagesfluently.She is famous for her elegant style.Audrey Hepburn was a graceful,dark-haired beauty with ayouthful,lively look.She was nominated for the best actress Academy Award four times and won once forstarring in Roman Holiday.Tom Hanks(1956-)Tom Hanks i

19、s now one of the most popular leading actors and busiest producers in Hollywood.He isknown for playing characters with warmth,kindness and humor.He was nominated three times and wontwice.Some of his more famous films are Forrest Gump,Castaway and Sleepless in Seattle.Jodie Foster(1962-)Jodie Fosters

20、 intelligence showed itself when she taught herself to read at age three.She began hercareer at this time in commercials.She moved on to TV roles and then to her Oscar nominatedperformance in Taxi Driver at age fourteen.She went on to be nominated three more times and has wontwice.Julia Roberts(1967

21、-)Julia Roberts began her rise to fame after winning a Golden Globe award for her acting in the filmSteel Magnolias.She has since been nominated for three Academy Awards and won one.Her films areusually very successful and she is now considered by many to be the most highly paid actress inHollywood.

22、40.The passage is most probably taken from a.A.school report B.website articleC.science magazine D.newspaper column41.Audrey Hepburn worked with in Roman Holiday and won the Academy Award for Best Actress.A.Tom Hanks B.Ingrid BergmanC.Gregory Peck D.Judie Foster42.won as many Academy Awards as each

23、other according to the passage.A.Julia Roberts,Ingrid Bergman and Gregory PeckB.Ingrid Bergman,Tom Hanks and Jodie FosterC.Jodie Foster,Audrey Hepburn and Gregory PeckD.Tom Hanks,Audrey Hepburn and Julia Roberts43.Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?A.Jodie Foster is so talen

24、ted that she can speak six foreign languages.B.Julia Roberts earns the most among the actresses in Hollywood.C.Ingrid Bergman left her motherland during the World War II.D.Audrey Hepburn was born into a wealthy family.【答案】40.D 41.C 42.B 43.A【解析】本文为说明文。文章介绍了在演戏方面取得巨大成功的演员。【40题详解】推断判断题。文章主要介绍了在演戏方面取得巨

25、大成功的几位演员的情况以及他们的代表作品，所以判断出这篇短文来自新闻专栏。故选D。4 1 题详解】推理判断题。根据 Gregory Peck(1916-2003)部分中的“Gregory Peck.starred in Roman Holiday andwas Hepburns lifelong good friend.“可知，Gregory Peck 主 演 了 罗马假日，是 Audrey Hepburn 一生的好朋友。再结合“Audrey Hepburn(1929-1993)”部分中的 She was nominated fbr the best actressAcademy Award

26、four times and won once fbr starring in Roman Holiday.Audrey Hepbum 四次获得奥斯卡最佳女主角提名，一次因主演 罗马假日而获奖。由此可推断出Audrey Hepbum在 罗马假日中与Gregory Peck合作，并获得奥斯卡最佳女主角奖。故选C。【42题详解】细节理解题。根据 Ingrid Bergman(1915-1982)部分中的“She was nominated(提名)for the best actressAcademy Award four times and won twice.“可知，她四次获得奥斯卡最佳女演员奖

27、提名，两次获奖。“Tom Hanks(1956-)“部分中的He was nominated three times and won twice.“可知，他三次被提名奥斯卡奖，两次获奖。根据Jodie Foster(1962-)中的She went on to be nominated three more times andhas won twice.“可知，Jodie Foster她乂获得了三次提名，两次获奖。由此可知，Ingrid Bergman,TomHanks and Jodie Foster三个人获得奥斯卡奖一样多，B 项符合题意，故选B。【43 题详解】细节理解题。根据“Audr

28、ey Hepburn(1929-1993)中的Bom to a family of a Baroness(男爵夫人)andan English banker,Andrey spoke six languages fluently.“可知，Audrey Hepbum 出生于一个男爵夫人(Baroness)和一位英国银行家的家庭，能流利地说六种语言。可知出生于银行家庭，即出生于富裕家家庭，会说6 种语言。故 A（Jodie Foster很有天赋，她能说六种外语）是错误的,D 项（Audrey Hepburn出生在一个富裕的家庭）是正确的。根据“Julia Roberts（1967）”中的”.she

29、 is now considered by manyto be the most highly paid actress in Hollywood.”可知，Julia Roberts 在好莱坞的女演员中收入最高，故B 项（Julia Roberis在好莱坞的女演员中收入最高）正确。根据“Ingrid Bergman（1915-1982）”中的“Likemany artists,this Swedish actress left wartime Europe for Hollywood.这位瑞典女演员离开战时的欧洲来到好莱坞。可知，C 项（英格丽德伯格曼在第二次世界大战期间离开了她的祖国）正确。

30、故本题选 AoC（记叙文）An old man and his son were driving their donkey to a neighboring fair to sell him.They had not gonefar when they met with a troop of women collected round a well,talking and laughing Look there,criedone of them/did you ever see such fellows,to be trudging along the road on foot when th

31、ey mightride?MThe old man hearing this,quickly made his son mount the donkey and continued to walk alongmerrily by his side.Presently they came up to a group of old men in earnest debate.There Jsaid one of them it proveswhat I was saying.What respect is shown to old age in these days?Do you see that

32、 idle lad riding while hisold father has to walk?Get down,you young scapegrace,and let the old man rest his exhausted body.Uponthis the old man made his son dismount,and got up himself.In this manner they had not proceeded far when they met a company of women and children:MWhy,you lazy old fellow,cr

33、ied several tongues at once,how can you ride upon the beast,while that poor littleyoung man there can hardly keep pace by the side of you?The Miller immediately took up his son behindhim.They had now almost reached the town.Pray,honest friend,said a citizen,uis that donkey yourown?”“Yes,replied the

34、old man.nO,one would not have thought so,“said the other,by the way you loadhim.Why,you two fellows are better able to carry the poor beast than he you.So,alighting（落地）with hisson,they tied the legs of the donkey together and with the help of a pole struggled to carry him on theirshoulders over a br

35、idge near the entrance to the town.This entertaining sight brought the people in crowds to laugh at it,til the donkey,not liking the noisenor the strange handling that he was subject to,broke the ropes that bound him and falling off the pole,fellinto the river.24.Who actually caused the old mans los

36、s?A.Himself.B.His son.C.The donkey.D.People who laughed at him.25.In what logical order did the author arrange the events in his story?A.From negative to positive.B.From reasonable to abnormal.C.From imaginary to factual.D.From realistic to ideal.26.What main feeling does the donkey have in the proc

37、ess?A.excited B.relaxed C.confused D.worried27.What lesson can we learn from this story?A.Too many cooks spoil the meat soup.B.Don keep all your eggs in one basketball.C.By trying to please everybody you can please nobody.D.Life is what happens to you while you are busy making other plans.【答案】ABCC【解

38、析】文章讲述因过分在意他人的眼光，最终导致啼笑皆非结局的寓言故事。故事较为发人深省，蕴含哲理。详细解析：第 24题 A 本题为主旨大意题。因为过分在意周遭人的目光与评价，老人不断变换和驴子的位置关系，最终做出了较为荒诞的行为，丢失了自己的驴子。每次行为的主体都为老人，所以无论周到人的评价如何，导致最终结局的原因即为老人自身太过于在意周遭人的评价。故本题答案为A。第 25题 B 本题为结构分析题。通读全文我们可知，最初人们的评价还比较符合情理，随着文章推进变得越来越荒诞，最后扛着驴走这一情节更增加了荒诞、不寻常的意味。也增加了哲理意味。故本题选择B 选项。第 26题 C 本题为文意猜测题。根据文

39、章内容我们可知，老人不断变换和驴的关系，最后甚至将驴抗在了自己的身上。这一举动本身就令人费解，因此作为驴的角度应该也是十分困惑的。通过局外人的视角来看，同样可以感到困惑。故本题选择C 选项。第 27题 C 本题为主旨大意题，同时考察对于习语的积累。A 选项表示因参与的人过多而导致不好的结果，也就是汉语里常说的“人多误事，但本文的主体为the old man。B 选项表示不要孤注一掷；C 选项表示如果你想要取悦身边的所有人，到头来你可能谁也取悦不了；D 选项意为“生活就是当你忙于制定其他计划时发生的事情“，也即“当我们为生活疲于奔命时，生活已经离我们远去J 通读全文，C 选项最为符合题意。D（议

40、论文）Many of us are quick to blame others for how we feel:He makes me so mad!or he really hurt myfeelings.But did someone really make me angry or are we feeling the anger in us getting kicked up inresponse to the way someone behaved towards us?The difference between the two is in who the responsible p

41、arty is for the way we feel.If we blameothers for our feelings we will finally feel reasonable at whatever our retaliation（报复）my be,and we willexplain that it was their fault,not ours.They were driving me mad.When we blame others for the way we feel we have in fact given power to others for the stat

42、e of ouremotional well-being.The truth is,no one controls our feelings but us.If we are finding that people in ourlives really know how to push our buttons（means make us angry）n then we are not doing a good enoughjob at protecting our buttons.1 We are the ones leaving our buttons out in the open so

43、that other people cannpush them.Ultimately,the switch for our buttons is inside us-not on the outside.While there are some things in life that are clearly out of our control,like the weather or a flight thatstwo hours late,how we act and respond to other peoples behavior is not among them.Our respon

44、ses toothers are well within our control.If someone is making us”so mad,for example,that we get angry,we are not doing enough to learnabout what drives our anger and how to properly cope with it.My suggestion is taking time before you getangry,and putting some work into taking an inventory（清单）of the

45、 past.An inventory can show you howmuch of your past experiences influence your feeling reactions in the current moment.When we finally realize that so much of our present feelings and reactions are driven from withinourselves and our own past experiences,we will be ready to make the changes in our

46、lives that will bettersecure our buttons so that they are no longer left out in pubic for everyone to push at will.12.What result will appear if we blame others for our emotions?A.We consider others to be correct.B.We consider ourselves to be correct.C.We consider we were driving ourselves mad.D.We

47、consider they were driving themselves mad.13.What*s the author attitude towards feelings?A.We should blame others for the way we feel.B.We should enable others to control our feelings.C.We should let others know our daily life clearlyD.We should control personal feelings ourselves.14.According to th

48、e author,which can always be under our control?A.Our own behavior.B.The delay of a flightC.Other people*s feelings.D.The weather conditions.15.Which proverb best suits the author*s advice in Paragraph 5?A.A burden of one*s choice is not felt.B.Think twice before acting.C.A friend is easier lost than

49、 found.D.A good beginning is half done.【答案】12.B 13.D 14.A 15.B【解析】本文为议论文。我们把自己的愤怒归咎于他人，但是，到底是别人的行为让我们生气,还是我们自己激发了内心的愤怒来回应别人对我们的行为？事实匕 除了我们自己，没有人能控制我们的情绪。12.细节理解题。根据第二段的 If we blame others for our feelings we will eventually feel reasonableat whatever our retaliation（报复）may be,and we will explain tha

50、t it was their fault,not ours.可矢口如果我们把自己的情绪归咎于他人，我们将会辩称这是他们的错，不是我们的。选 项 B：我们认为自己是正确的。符合题意，故选B。13.推理判断题。根据第三段的The irulh is,no one controls our feelings bul us.可知，除了我们自己，没有人能控制我们的感情，选 项 D 符合题意。故选D。14.细节理解题。根据第四段的 While there are some things in life that are clearly out of ourcontrol,how we act and res