上海名校高中自主招生英语阅读理解（培优）第5讲：阅读六选四或七选五（含答案）.pdf

《上海名校高中自主招生英语阅读理解（培优）第5讲：阅读六选四或七选五（含答案）.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《上海名校高中自主招生英语阅读理解（培优）第5讲：阅读六选四或七选五（含答案）.pdf（37页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、第05讲：名校高中自主招生阅读六选四/七选五 考点归纳、考前巩固、真题链接Q解 题 技 巧 A一、关键词汇线索1.词汇复现：复现是指在文章不同位置对同一个概念进行重复描述。包括原词复现、同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现、派生词复现等。例 1:同词复现.The scientists say that the human life has changed greatly.O ur bodies have not been able to deal withthese changes in lifestyle and this had led to new kinds of sicknesses.

2、So they are called diseases ofcivilization”.Many cancers and diseases of the blood system are examples of such diseases.A.Stone Age people lived a simple life.B.But today,we enjoy eating a lot of these.C.In that case,they would live much healthier.D.Ancient people have not lots of physical exercise.

3、E.These new sicknesses were not known in ancient times.F.People today probably dont want to live like our ancestors.例 2：反义词复现.O n the other hand,the advantages of going overseas may include day-to-day opportunities to learn anew culture,meet new friends with whom you can use and practice the languag

4、e,and chances to seedifferent parts of the w o r ld.T h o s e disadvantages include expense,time away from onesschool,family,.A.The following are its advantages.B.However,there may be a number of disadvantages.C.Consider a distance education.D.Most of us are adapted to studying at school.例 3：派生词复现Do

5、nt fear p e o p l e.The reason why most people dont take risks is the fear of what othersmight think of them.If you want to live the life you truly deserve,you must give up the need to be liked byeverybody.A.Focus on your own talents and strengths.B.Never let others opinions guide your choices.C.Sta

6、y fearless in everything you will have to do.2.同范畴词同范畴词是指跟此词汇相关或同一领域的词汇在文章中共同出现，达到语义衔接的目的。可以在选项中找到与此词汇最接近的词，从而达到快而准。一般来说，上下文中词汇联系越接近，上下文的衔接关系最紧密。例 1：.Everybody gets stressed time to time.Try taking these four steps the next time you are stressed:First:Get support.When you need help,reach out to the

7、people who care about you.Talk to a“trusted adult,such as parent or other r e l a t i v e s.They might have had similar problems,such as dealing with a test,or the death of a beloved pet.A.Ask for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation.B.Notice your friends feelings and find a way to

8、help them.C.Different people feel stress in different waysD.Ah,it feels so good when the stress is gone.E.You need to figure out what the problem is.F.And dont forget about your friends.3.代词提示：代词出现频率极高，用来指代前面出现的名词和形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词和单复数差异可以准确而快速解题。常用代词：you.,your.,mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,the

9、irs,myself,this,that,these,those,alL both,each,every,anybody,something,no one,none,some,any,no,who,whom,whose,what,which,that,aso例 1：_73_.They say the first step is to admit that you are angry and to recognize the real cause of theanger,.A.Doctors say the solution is learning how to deal with anger.

10、B.He said that laughter is much healthier than anger.C.Anger is a normal emotion that we all feel from time to time.例 2：It doesnt matter which productivity bird represents your work style.(70)It depends on yourenvironment and energy levels.Do you have the drive to get up early or stay up late?While

11、others aredreaming,make your dreams real.B.Many believe being night owls is better.E.They both can work.例 3：You have the same amount of time each day as everyone else.If you want to reach your goals anddreams you have to be willing to pay the price.(67)Sometimes it is your time.Sometimes it ismoney.

12、And sometimes it is sleep.O ne of the best times to get ahead and bein the zoneis when everyoneelse is sleeping.Get up early.O r stay up late.Those are your choices.C.Not watching mindless TV or endlessly surfing the Net.D.That sacrifice often involves giving up something.4.利用句子中心实词解题句子中心实词是指在一个句子表达

13、中需要占据句子主干或者中心意思的一类实词。和代词一样，当一个句子中出现了表达某一特点概念的中心实词时，该句上下文就应该围绕这样的中心来展开，也就是说正确选项中不能呈现上下文没有交代的一个中心实词，因此我们可以利用这一现象来帮助我们找到正常选项或者排除错误选项。例 1：(68)Ask yourself what problem the audience wants to solve,and talk about that problem first.“Then and only then,talk about what you are good at as the solution to tha

14、t problem,“says Morgan.“Audiences start off by asking why.Why am I here?Why should 1 care?If you answer those questionsearly,then theyll ask how.Your job is to answer the why question first and then address the how.A.Be relevant to your audienceC.Focus on one theme,and eliminate everything else.例 3：

15、For those with green fingers,the pleasure of gardening comes from getting out in the fresh air,in allweathers and communing with nature even if there are a few too many worms!It can also be seen as a sortof digital-detox time(数字排毒时间)away from technology._ 6 8 _F.Some experts actually believe that ge

16、tting outside to dig and plant things acts as a natural excitementD.Its no wonder some of us turn to gardening as a form of therapy二、注意逻辑关系：找准文章衔接词，理清空格与上下文之间的逻辑关系。主要逻辑关系包括：1 并 歹 U 关系：first(ly),second(ly),.；first,then/next,.；in the first place,in the second place,.；for one thing,fbr another thing,.等

17、；2递进关系：too,also,besides,further,furthermore,moreover,what more,in addition,not.but.,not only.but also 等；3.解释例证关系：for example,for instance,in fact/as a matter of fhct,actually,in other words/thats tosay.等；4因果关系：because,because of,for,as,since,in that,on account of,with,so,so that,therefore,thereby,as

18、 aresult,hence,thus,consequently,accordingly 等；5,对比转折关系：however,yet,while/though,or/otherwise,instead,nevertheless,still,yet,on the contrary 等6概括归纳关系：in shorten brief,in summary,generally speaking,in general,to conclude,in conclusion,ina word,to sum up 等。例 1：As you take notes,you may want to use you

19、r own shorthand.You do be sure that you understand;youdo be sure that you understand your symbols.O therwise,A.Use words,not complete sentences.B.There are three practical note-taking methods.C.You must write your notes on separate paper.D.you may not be able to read your notes later.E.you will also

20、 want to develop your own method for taking notes.F.That means you must first decide what is important enough to include in your notes.三、利用细节句与主题句的区别解题这一技巧需要与空所在位置结合起来分析。主题句通常在段首，总结句通常在段尾，相当于再次点题。这两个位置多是需要概括性强的语句主题句。而在段中通常是补充说明内容和议论过程，通常是需要含有内容的语句细节句。先判断空的位置，然后在选项中筛选细节句与主题句。例 1：Self Expression_5_The

21、re are many ways to express thoughts and ideas-music,acting,drawing building,photography.You may find that your child is attracted by one more than anotherC.We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways.G.Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill.例 2：Sel

22、f-esteem is the measurement or the value of how a person knows his worth and its effects arelife-changing and dramatic,since it makes up a persons attitude and outlook towards life._67_Butwhen self-esteem is low,you can eilher sulk and be sad or be afraid lo Iry oul new things or lake risks andchanc

23、es with your love-life,career,relationships and self-improvement.A.Simply put,self-esteem is the fuel that makes you feel important or loved by others.E.When your self-esteem is high,you are less likely to be affected by these situations.例 3：Until now,predicting exactly what makes a bestseller was s

24、omewhat of a mystery,yet researchersfrom New York claim to have created an algorithm（算法）to do just that.By analyzing the words used inclassic books,the algorithm was able to correctly predict which books were bestsellers,and which wereless successful,in 84 percent of cases._67_E.O verall,they found

25、that successful books contained a high number of nouns and adjectives andplenty of quotes.F.The most popular books also featured more verbs relating to“thought-processing”such as“recognized and remembered”.Q典 例 剖 析 AYour Next Nurse Could Be a RobotDr.De Momi,of the Politecnico di Milano(Italy),led a

26、n international team that trained a robot toimitate natural human actions._1 O ver time this should lead to improvements in safety duringsurgeries because unlike their human counterparts robots do not tire and can complete an endless series ofprecise movements.The goal is not to remove human skill f

27、rom the operating room,but to complement itwith a robot9s particular skills and benefits.“As a roboticist,I am convinced that robotic(co)workers and collaborators will definitely change thework market,but they wont steal job o p p o rtu n itie s.2 De Momi explains.To conduct their experiment De Momi

28、s team photographed a human being conducting numerousreaching motions,in a way similar to handing instruments to a surgeon.These camera captures were inputinto the neural network of the robotic arm,which is crucial to controlling movements.Next a humanoperator guided the robotic arm in imitating the

29、 reaching motions that the human subject had initiallyperformed.Although there was not a perfect overlap between the robotic and human actions,they werebroadly similar.3 These observers determined whether the actions of the robotic arms were biologicallyinspired,“which would indicate that their neur

30、al networks had effectively learned to imitate humanbehavior.About 70%of the time this is exactly what the human observers concluded.These results are promising,although further research is necessary to confirm or refine De Momisconclusions.If robotic arms can indeed imitate human behavior,it would

31、be necessary to build conditionsin which humans and robots can cooperate effectively in high stress environments like operating rooms.4 De Momis work is part of the growing field of healthcare robotics,which has the potentialto change the way we receive health care sooner rather than later.A.This fu

32、ture may not be as far away as we think.B.Robots cant successfully imitate doctors5 motions in the operating room.C.Finally,several humans observed as the robotic arm made numerous motions.D.The nursing assistant for your next trip to the hospital will still be a robot instead of human beings.E.They

33、 will just allow us to decrease workload and achieve better performances in several tasks.F.His work indicates that humans and robots can effectively cooperate during high-risk events such assurgeries.【答案】l.F 2.E 3.C 4.A【解析】这是一篇说明文，文中讲述意大利医生培训了机器人去模仿人类的动作，这将会提高在手术室里医生和机器人合作的效率。【1题详解】上句Dr.De Momi,of

34、the Politecnico di Milano(Italy),led an international team that trained a robot toimitate natural human actions.”提到意大利 医生De Momi带领国际团队，培训机器人去模仿人类的动作，承接上文，F 选项“他的工作表明人类和机器人能有效地在像手术这样高风险的事情中合作切题。该选项中his w ork与上句该医生的做法是一致的。故选F。【2 题详解】上句As a roboticist,I am convinced that robotic(co)workers and collabor

35、ators will definitely change thework market,but they wont steal job opportunities.”提到作为机器人专家，我相信机器人工作人员将一定能改变工作市场，但是他们不会偷走工作机会，承接上文，E 项“他们只是允许我们降低工作负担,及在任务中表现的更好”切题，本句呼应上文中，“机器人并不能完全代替人类，只是帮助人类做的更 好 故 选 E。【3 题详解】下句These observers determined whether the actions of the robotic arms were“biologically i

36、nspired”中提到这些观察者们讲决定是否这些机器人的动作是受生理上的刺激。承接下文，C 选项“最后，当机器人的胳膊做动作的时候，有几个人在观察“切题，本句中observed与下句中observers相呼应。故选C。【4 本段开头句“These results are promising,”这些研究结果是有前途的”，呼应本主题句，A 选项“未来不会太远”切题，并且呼应本段最后一句提到的“sooner rather than later”。故选A。以 实 战 演 练-1.Directions:Complete the following passage by using the sentenc

37、e given below.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.Perhaps this could only work in a country with a crime rate among the lowest in the world.B.For O hashi,the machines once served as beacons.C.You can put them anywhere and they wont be stolen or

38、harmed.D.As such,vending machines offer certainty.E.Similarly,vending machines are everywhere.F.But most are only stocked with hot and cold drinks,some of which have funny Englishnames,like“Pocari Sweat”or Calpis Water.”Vending machines are a mainstay of Japanese culture.There are over5.5 million in

39、 the country-one for every 23 people,the highest ratio in the world.Theyre ubiquitous and almost always outdoors,making them immediately stand out to anyonevisiting Japan.They sell nearly everything-including some rather peculiar items.(1)At night,rather than switching off,the machines come to life

40、with vibrant colors and bright lights.Photographer Eiji O hashi has spent years photographing them across Japan in the dead of the night,andnow he has brought the images together in a book titled“Roadside Lights.(2)I started this project nine years ago,when I noticed a shiny vendingmachine near my h

41、ome as I was coming back from my night shift,he said in an email interview.Atthe time,I was living in a town in the north of Japan that would get hit by terrible blizzards during thewinter months.Id drive my car in(these)conditions and use the light of the vending machines to guideme.”Japanese cultu

42、re has an appreciation for process.Signs explaining how to queue,how to get ahaircut or how to use the toilet are posted everywhere.(3)Their mechanism only allows one possible course of action.Like smartphones,they provide ashield from personal interactions.They are also ingrained in tradition:In ru

43、ral areas,at the side of theroad,its still possible to find unmanned wooden stalls where farmers place fruit,vegetables and othergoods which can be purchased by leaving the correct amount of cash.(4)Similarly,vending machines in Japan are rarely robbed orvandalized.In fact,they are well taken care o

44、f,meaning that they always work which furthercontributes to customer satisfaction.For O hashi,this is one of the reasons behind their popularity.Identical everywhere,the vending machines may bring some sense of comfort to those who travelto different parts of the country,O hashi suggests:I wanted to

45、 capture the standardized form of thevending machines.I thought you could see the differences between the regions through the sceneryaround them.1O hashis photographs convey a sense of loneliness by showing the machines in remote locations atnight.nI think in some ways Im comparing modern-day people

46、 to vending machines.In our daily lives,we are also like vending machines that can withstand blizzards but ultimately go unrewarded.*【答案】FBDA【分析】1.根 据“They sell nearly everything including some rather peculiar items”选出答案 F。2.答案B 是本段的主旨句，根据后面的内容推出。3.前文说“日本文化对过程有欣赏力。到处都贴着说明如何排队、如何理发或如何使用厕所的标志。”所以选择D”因

47、此，自动售货机提供了确定性。”4.Similarly表示其前面的句子和后面的句子意思表达的内容相似，所以根据similarly后面的句子推出选择Ao2.Directions:Read the following passage.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Eachsentence can be used only once.Note that there is one sentence more than you need.A.Supporters of the measure argue that hu

48、nters need them to protect their hearing.B.The idea would,at best,place the convenience of gun owners over the safety of the public.C.Silencers dont actually silence gunshots in the way theyYe portrayed in movies,but they do lowerthe sound.D.However,these are hardly the encouraging calls for change

49、that ought to happen.E.In gun control,US does a much worse iob than Europe,where it is so strict that even terroristsBut you have to give gun lobbyists(游说者)credit.Theyve come up with some new ideas and foundfriends in Congress to promote them,even as the nation is in deep sadness due to the 58 peopl

50、e killed at amusic festival in Las Vegas.At the top of the wish list:a push to make it easier to buy gun silencers.(1).At worst,theywould put innocent people and police officers in graver danger.The changes are tucked(塞)into a measure called the Sportsmens Heritage and RecreationalEnhancement(SHARE)