2022年高考真题——英语（北京卷）含答案.pdf

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1、2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（北京卷）英 语本试卷共11页，共 100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共 10小题；每小题1.5分，共 15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。One Monday morning,while the children were enjoying free play,I stepped tothe doorway ofthe classroom to take a

2、break.Suddenly,I a movement of theheavy wooden door.This was thevery door I 2 guided the children through toensure their safety from the bitter cold.I felt a chill（寒意）go through my body.My legs carried me to that door,and I pushed it open.It was one of mykindergarteners who Ithought was 3 that day.H

3、e had been dropped off atschool late and was 4 to open the door.He must have been waiting there for quite a while!Without a word,I rushed him tothe hospital.Hewas treated for frostbite on his hands.Hed need time to 5,andwouldnt come for class the nextday,I thought.The next morning,one of the first t

4、o 6 was my little frostbitten boy.Notonly did he run inwith energy,but his 7 could be heard as loud as ever!I gavehim a warm hug and told him how8_ I was to see him.His words have stayedwith me all these years,knew you would open the doo匚 That cold Monday morning,he waited a long,long while for adul

5、ts to 9.To a child,everyminute feels like forever.He didnt attempt to walk back home;hewaited and trusted.This five-year-oldtaught me a powerful lesson in 10.1.A.causedB spottedC.checkedD.imagined2.A.hesitantlyB.randomlyC.dizzilyD.carefully3.A.angryB absentC.specialD.noisy4.A.courageousB contentC.un

6、ableD.unwilling5.A.recoverB.playC.changeD.wait6.A.settleB.gatherC.arriveD react7.A.sneezeB.weepC.complaintD.laughter8.A.luckyB.happyC.curiousD.nervous9.A.show upB.pull upC.hold upD.line up10.A.gratitudeB.forgivenessC.fa汕D.kindness第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共 15分)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1 个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空

7、白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。AHelen was walking down the street late 11 the evening,her arms filledwith grocery bags.Focused on balancing the bags,she didnt notice her wallet fallingout of her pocket.As Helen walked on,she heard a man charging towards her.Fearful that he might have an intention 12(h

8、arm)her,Helen started to run.Eventually,the man 13(catch)up with her,and he was only trying to returnher wallet!BWhy do humans prefer some smells over others?One theory,increasingly 14(support)byexperts,suggests that smell preferences are learned.Ifs easyto explain how we determine 15smells are dang

9、erous or not:we learn.Thishas been adopted to ensure easier detection of gas leaks.Gasnaturally 16(have)no recognisable smell.However,a strong smell is added so that we canraisethe alarm when we detect the smell associated with danger.CSince people cant always eat out or cook for 17(they),they get t

10、akeout ororder delivery.More takeout and more food delivery equal more waste,especiallyplastic waste.That includes cups,bottles,and bags,most of 18 are only goodfor one use.Thats a big problem and it is getting even19(bad).The use ofthose plastics 20(increase)by 300%since 2019.The world wont survive

11、ifthis situation continues.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题；每小题2 分，共 28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。APeer（同伴）Assisted Study Sessions（PASS）is a peer-facilitated learning programmeavailable tostudents enrolled（注册）in most core units of study in our business school.PASS involves weekly sess

12、ions where you work in groups to tackle specially prepared problem sets,based around a unit of study youre enrolled in.PASS doesnt re-teach or deliver new content.Its an opportunity to deepen yourunderstanding ofthe key points from lecture materials while you are applying yourskills to solve problem

13、s.You work interactively with your peers.As a peer group,you decide what iscovered in each session.That way,PASS directly responds to your needs and feedback.Registration in Term 2 will open at 9 am,21 September 2022.Waiting listsIf a session is full,you can register for the waiting list.We will ema

14、il you if a placebecomesavailable or if a new session is to be held.When you are placed on a waiting list,we will email you a number which tells youwhere you areon the list.If you are close to the front of the list,you have a good chanceof gaining a place in theprogramme in the near future.Deregiste

15、ringIf you miss two PASS sessions in a row,you will be deregistered and your placewill be given tosomeone on the waiting list.Make sure you fill in the attendance sheetat each session to record yourattendance.Youll be infonned by email if you are being deregistered as a result of missingsessions.If

16、youbelieve you have received the email in error,email the PASS office atpassofficeumbs.edu.21.In PASS,s t u d e n t s.A.attend new lectures B.decide their own schedulesC.prepare problem sets in groups D.use their skills to solve problems22.What can students do if a session is full?A.Fill in the atte

17、ndance sheet.B.Sign up for the waiting list.C.Report their needs and feedback.D.Email the office their numbers on the list.23.Students will be deregistered if.A.they send emails in error B.they fail to work interactivelyC.they give their places to others D.they miss two sessions in a rowBMy name is

18、Alice.Early last year,I was troubled by an anxiety that crippled（削 弱）my ability todo anything.I felt like a storm cloud hung over me.For almost a year Istruggled on,constantly staringat this wall that faced me.My perfectionist tendencieswere the main root of this:I wanted to be perfectat whatever I

19、did,which obviously inlife is not possible,but it consumed me.One day,I attended a presentation by wildlife conservationist Grant Brown at myhigh school.Hispresentation not only awed and inspired me,but also helped emerge aninner desire to make a differencein the world.I joined a pre-presentation di

20、nner withhim and that smaller setting allowed me to slowlybuild up my courage to speakone-on-one with himan idea that had seemed completely impossible.This firstcontact was where my story began.A month later,Brown invited me to attend the World Youth Wildlife Conference.Looking back,Inow see that th

21、is would be the first in a series of timely opportunitiesthat my old self would have letpass,but that this new and more confident Aliceenthusiastically seized.Shortly after I received hisinvitation,applications to join the Youth for Nature and the Youth for Planet groups were sent aroundthrough my h

22、ighschool.I decided to commit to completing the applications,and soon I was a part ofagrowing global team of young people working to protect nature.Each of these newsteps continued togrow my confidence.I am writing this just six months since my journey began and Ive realised that mybiggest obstacle（

23、障碍）this whole time was myself.It was that voice in the back of myhead telling me that one phrasethat has stopped so many people from reaching theiq）otential:I cant.They say good things come tothose who wait;I say:grab everyopportunity with everything you have and be impatient.After all,nature does n

24、otrequire our patience,but our action.24.What was the main cause for Alices anxiety?A.Her inability to act her age.B.Her habit of consumption.C.Her desire to be perfect.D.Her lack of inspiration.25.How did Grant Browns presentation influence Alice?A.She decided to do something for nature.B.She taste

25、d the sweetness of friendship.C.She learned about the harm of desire.D.She built up her courage to speak up.26.The activities Alice joined in helped her to become mor e.A.intelligent B.confident C.innovative D.critical27.What can we learn from this passage?A.Practice makes perfect.B.Patience is a cu

26、re of anxiety.C.Action is worrys worst enemy.D.Everything comes to those who wait.C“What would the world be if there were no hunger?”ts a question that ProfessorCrystal wouldask her students.They found it hard to answer,she wrote later,becauseimagining something that isntpart of real lifeand learnin

27、g how to make it realis arare skill.It is taught to artists and engineers,butmuch less often to scientists.Crystalset out to change that,and helped to create a global movement.Theresult-an approachknown as systems thinkingis now seen as essential in meeting global challenges.Systems thinking is cruc

28、ial to achieving targets such as zero hunger and bettemutrition because itrequires considering the way in which food is produced,processed,delivered and consumed,and lookingat how those things intersect（交 叉）with humanhealth,the environment,economics and society.According to systems thinking,changing

29、 the food system-or any other networkrequires three thingsto happen.First,researchers need to identify all the players in that system;second,they must workouthow they relate to each other;and third,they need to understand and quantify the impactof thoserelationships on each other and on those outsid

30、e the system.Take nutrition.In the latest UN report on global food security,the number ofundernourished（营养不良）people in the world has been rising,despite great advances innutrition science.Tracking of 150biochemicals in food has been important in revealingthe relationships between calories,sugar,fat

31、andthe occurrence of common diseases.But using machine learning and artificial intelligence,somescientists propose thathuman diets consist of at least 26,000 biochemicals-and that the vast majorityare notknown.A systems approach to creating change is also built on the assumption thateveryone in the

32、systemhas equal power.But as some researchers find,the food systemis not an equal one.A good way toredress（修 正）such power imbalance is for moreuniversities to do what Crystal did and teachstudents how to think using a systemsapproach.More researchers,policymakers and representatives from the food in

33、dustry mustlearn to lookbeyond their direct lines of responsibility and adopt a systems approach.Crystal knew that visions alonedont produce results,but concluded that well neverproduce results that we cant envision.28.The author uses the question underlined in Paragraph 1 to.A.illustrate an argumen

34、t B.highlight an opinionC.introduce the topic D.predict the ending29.What can be inferred about the field of nutrition?A.The first objective of systems thinking hasnt been achieved.B.The relationships among players have been clarified.C.Machine learning can solve the nutrition problem.D.The impact o

35、f nutrition cannot be quantified.30.As for systems thinking,which would the author agree with?A.It may be used to justify power imbalance.B.Il can be applied to tackle challenges.C.It helps to prove why hunger exists.D.It goes beyond human imagination.DQuantum（量 子）computers have been on my mind a lo

36、t lately.A friend has beensending mearticles on how quantum computers might help solve some of the biggestchallenges we face as humans.Ive also had exchanges with two quantum-computingexperts.One is computer scientist Chris Johnsonwho I see as someone who helps keepthe field honest.The other is phys

37、icist Philip Taylor.For decades,quantum computing has been little more than a laboratory curiosity.Now,big techcompanies have invested in quantum computing,as have many smallerones.According to BusinessWeekly,quantum machines could help us“cure cancer,andeven take steps to turn climate change in the

38、opposite direction.,This is the sort of hype（炒作）that annoys Johnson.He worries that researchersare making promises they cankeep.Whats new,“Johnson wrote,t4is that millions of dollars are nowpotentiallyavailable to quantum computing researchers.As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding

39、,researchers maymislead investors,journalists,the public and,worst of all,themselves about their workpotential.If researchers cant keeptheir promises,excitement might give way to doubt,disappointment and anger,Johnson warns.Lots ofother technologies have gone throughstages of excitement.But somethin

40、g about quantum computingmakes it especiallyprone to hype,Johnson suggests,perhaps because“quantum stands for somethingcoolyou shouldnt be able to understand.And that brings me back to Taylor,who suggestedthat I readhis book Qfor Quantum.After I read the book,Taylor patiently answered my questions a

41、bout it.He alsoanswered myquestions about PyQuantum,the firm he co-founded in 2016.Taylorshares Johnsons concerns abouthype,but he says those concerns do not apply toPyQuantum.The company,he says,is closer than any other firm“by a very large margin（幅度）to building a“usefUl quantum computer,one that s

42、olves an impactful problem that wewould not have been able tosolve otherwise.He adds,People will naturally discountmy opinions,but I have spent a lot of timequantitatively comparing what we are doingwith others.Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition“by a wide margin，asTaylor claims?Id

43、ont know.Im certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone elseto invest in quantum computers.But I trust Taylor,just as I trust Johnson.31.Regarding Johnsons concerns,the author f eel s.A.sympathetic B.unconcernedC.doubtful D.excited32.What leads to Taylors optimism about quantum computing?A.His

44、 dominance in physics.B.The competition in the field.C.His confidence in PyQuantum.D.The investment of tech companies.33.What does the underlined word prone“in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?A.Open.B.Cool.C.Useful.D.Resistant.34.Which would be the best title for the passage?A.Is Johnson More Compete

45、nt Than Taylor?B.Is Quantum Computing Redefining Technology?C.Will Quantum Computers Ever Come into Being?D.Will Quantum Computing Ever Live Up to Its Hype?第二节（共 5 小题；每小题2 分，共 10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Health and fitness help a person live a good and healthy life.Oft

46、en due to variouspressures,wetend to ignore our health.35 It is the fitness level of our bodythat helps us fight these diseases.36 We need to be fit to have a healthy body.Similarly,if we are healthywe shall naturally beattracted towards maintaining the fitness of our body.Health is thestate of our

47、body at a given time.Wemay not have any disease but still have a weakbody,which is ready to be targeted by viruses.37This does not definitelymean that we are not healthy.It means the fitness level is not in accordance withour ageand the climatic conditions we live in.It is important for everyone to

48、devote some time to health and fitness.38 Forinstance,we mustexercise daily regardless of our age and working style.There aredifferent levels of exercises fordifferent age groups and we must do them according toour own health and age.Additionally,it is important to relax our body.We should have at l

49、east six to eighthours of sleepevery day.It helps in improving our immune（免 疫）system and protectsus against diseases._ 39This,in turn,gives us new goals of health and fitness.A.Fitness levels decide the quality of life.B.Health and fitness are interrelated to each other.C.It also helps in keeping us

50、 calm and relaxes our mind.D.For instance,we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily.E.If we keep our body fit,we can enjoy life in a better manner.F.There are some activities which everyone should do in our life.G.This makes our body suffer and we catch lifestyle and other diseases.第三部分书面表达（共两节，