八年级英语语法错题集详解(共九讲).pdf
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1、名词与冠词易错点易错点1忽视抽象名词具体化的用法1.How about Christmas evening party?I should say it was success.A.a;a B.the;a C.a;不填D.th e;不填易错点2 没有结合语境和词义对名词进行正确辨析2.From their on the top of the TV Tower,visitors can have a better view of the city.A.stage B.position C.condition D.situation易错点3混淆特指的定冠词和泛指的不定冠词3.This area ex
2、perienced heaviest rainfall in month of May.A 不填;a B a;the C the;the D the;a4.In order to find better job,he decided to study second foreign language.A.the a B.a a C.the the D.a the5.We can never expect_ bluer sky unless we create less polluted world.A.a;a B.a;the C.the;a D.the;the易错点4短语中冠词的运用不当.6.W
3、hat pity that you couldn*t be there to receive_ prize!A.a;a B.the;a C.a;the D.the;the易错点3 混淆用冠词和不用冠词的不同7.Gorge couldnt remember when he first met Mr.Anderson,but he was sure it wasSunday because everybody was at church.A./;the B.the;/C.a;/D./;a易错点5 对零冠词的用法把握不到位8.Some people fear that_ air pollution
4、may bring about changes in weather around theworld.A./;the B.the;/C.an;the D.the;a9.Everywhere man has cut down forests in order to grow crops,or to use wood as fuelor as building material.A.the;the B.the;/C./;the D./;/BBCBACCAC冠词经典例题:1.“Do you know English fbr 帅哥?Tm afraid I dont.Im not interested
5、inEnglish language.A.the,theB.th e,不填C.不填,the D.不填,不填【陷阱】容易误选D,因为表示语言的名词前通常不用冠词。【分析】最佳答案为A。在英语中,表示语言的名词前通常不用冠词,但在某些特殊情况下可用冠词。如:(1)当语言名词表特指意义,其前可用定冠词。如:The English spoken in America and Canada is a little different from that spoken in England.美国和加拿大讲的英语与英国讲的英语有点不同。(2)当语言名词表示某一语言中的对应词时,其前要用定冠词。如:Whats
6、 the English for this?这个东西用英语怎么说?(3)当在语言名词后加上language一词时,也要用冠词。如:There have been many changes in the history of the English language.英语发展过程中有很多变革。2.1 couldnt remember the exact date of the storm,but 1 knew it was Sunday becauseeverybody was at church.A.a,the B.a,不填C.不填,a D.不填,不填【陷阱】容易误选D,因为星期名词前不加冠词
7、;而 at church表示在教堂里做礼拜,其中也不用冠词。【分析】最佳答案为B。确实,在通常情况下星期名词前不用冠词,但在某些特殊情况下还是可以用冠词的,如表示特指,其前可用定冠词;表示“某一个”或受描绘性定语修饰表示“某种”这样的意义等,其前可用不定冠词。如:He came on the Sunday and went away on the Monday.他星期日来,星期一就走了。My birthday happened to be on a Saturday.我的生日碰巧是星期六。3.Which person do you refer to,the one with long hair
8、 or the one with longbeard?A.a,a B.不填,不填C.a,不填 D.不填,a【陷阱】误选A 或 B,认为hair(头发)和 beard(胡须)性质和用法应该差不多,要么都可数,要么都不可数,或者说要么都用不定冠词,要么都不用。【分析】最佳答案选D。h air和 beard在用法上并不完全相同:h air可用作可数或不可数名词,用作可数名词时,指一根一根的毛发或头发,如 说 Theres a hair in my soup的汤里有根头发);用作不可数名词(集合名词)时,则是整体地指一个人的头发。比较:He has gray hairs.他有几根白发了。He has
9、gray hair.他满头白发 了。而 beard则通常只用作可数名词,且指的是一个人所有的胡须,而不是指一根胡须,它的复数形式,通常是指多个人的胡须,而不是指多根胡须,如:He no longer wears a beard.他不再留胡须。Not all men grow beards.并不是所有的男人都留胡须。4.1 once watched one-act play,which was played by 11-year-old boy.A.a,a B.an,anC.a,an D.an,a【陷阱】几个干扰均有可能误选。【分析】最佳答案填C。第一 空 填 a,因 为 one-act的读音是
10、 ,它的第一个音是辅音不是元音;第二空填a n,是 因 为 11的英文是eleven ,它的第一个音是元音不是辅音。类似以下各题的答案是C 不是其他:5.Have you seen pen?I left it here this morning.”Is it black one?I think Isaw it somewhere.”A.a,the B.the,theC.a,a D.the,a【陷阱】误选A,生搬硬套冠词用法规则:第一次提到某人或某事物用不定冠词,第二次再提到该人或该事物时用定冠词。【分析】最佳答案为C。第一空填a,比较好理解;而第二空填a 是因为此句中的o n e 并非指前面提
11、到的p en,即这里的o n e 与前面的p e n 并非同一事物,这从后面一句的I thinkI saw it somewhere可以清楚地知道。请比较下面一题:6.My friend Mary is beautiful girl and girl everyone likes to work with.A.a,a B.a,theC.the,a D.the,the【陷阱】很容易误选B,认为第一次提到g irl用不定冠词,第二次提到就应该用定冠词。【分析】最佳答案为A。句中第二次 提 到 g irl时并不是特指的,此句实为一省略句,补充完整为 My friend Mary is a beaut
12、iful girl and she is a girl everyone likes to work w ith.请再做以下试题(答案选A):名词经典例题1.1 found her sitting in the corner,reading newspaper,with in her eyes.A.a,tear B.a piece of,tearsC.a,tears D.a piece of,tear【陷阱】误选D,许多学生错误地认为,既然news(消息)和 paper(纸)均为不可数名词,那么newspaper(报纸)也应是不可数的;同时认为“眼泪”即“泪水”,“水”不可数,“泪水”和“眼泪
13、”也应该不可数。【分析】最佳答案为C。newspaper和 tear均为可数名词,它们不仅可以连用不定冠词、可以用复数,而且还可以连用数词。Her eyes filled with tears.她热泪盈眶。She dried her tears with a handkerchief.她用手帕擦干 了 眼泪。The newspapers were full of lies.报纸上片谎言。A newsp叩er is a publication.报纸是一种出版物。顺便说一句,若不是将newspaper当作是供阅读或传递信息的一种东西,而只是把它当成一种“纸 来看待,也可用作不可数名词,如:Wrap
14、 it in(a sheet of)newspaper.把它用张报纸包起来。2.Her father works as a in a hotel and her mother a in a private company.A.cooker,typewriter B.cook,typistC.cooker,typist D.cook,typewriter【陷阱】误选A,许多同学想当然地认为:cook用作动词,表示“煮饭”,所 以 cooker应是其相应的名词,表示“煮饭的人”,即“厨师”;type用作动词,表示“打字”,所 以 typewriter应表示“打字员【分析】而事实是:cook二厨师,
15、cooker二炊具;typist二打字员,typewriter二打字机。即此题正确答案为B。3.Why couldnt they meet us at five o,clock?“Because they were delayed byA.heavy traffic B.heavy trafficsC.crowded traffic D.crowded traffics【陷阱】B、C、D 三项均容易误选。【分析】对于此题,首先要明确traffic为不可数名词,没有复数形式,故排除B 和 D。另外,汉语习惯说“交通拥挤”,而英语习惯上却不能用crowded来 修 饰 traffic,要表示汉语的
16、“交通拥挤”,英语通常说heavy traffic,即选A。如下面一题也是选A:She is not a competent driver and cant cope with driving in.A.heavy trafficC.crowded trafficB.heavy trafficsD.crowded traffics4.In f a c t,o n e cause that leads to the problem.A.cattle is B.cattle areC.cattles are D.the cattles are【陷阱】此题容易误选A,想当然地认为cattle是单数,
17、并且空格有表单数的o n e,自然谓语动词用iso【陷阱】其实,正确答案为B。cattle(牲畜,牛)为集合名词,尽管它不带复数词尾s,却永远表示复数意义,若用作主语,谓语要用复数。又如:For this many cattle were killed.为此宰 了 不少牲畜。The prisoners were herded like cattle.囚犯像牲口一样被赶到一起。类似地,police(警察),people(人),police(警察),poultry(家禽)等也具有同样用法,即只有单数形式,但却表示复数意义;用作主语时谓语通常也用复数;不 与 a(n)连用,但可与 the连用(表示总
18、括意义和特指)。如:The poultry have been fed.家禽已经喂过饲料了。In Britain police do not usually carry guns.在英国警察通常不带枪。It annoys me when people forget to say“thank you”.遇到有人忘记道谢的时候,我就不痛快。5.By all,you must try every to help him.A.mean,mean B.means,meansC.means,mean D.mean,means【陷阱】误选C,认为第一空前有all修饰,故用m eans,而第二空前有every
19、修饰,故用 mean。【分析】其实,means是一个单复数同形的名词,并 且 永 远 带 有 尾 换 句 话 说,在表示“方式”、“方法”时,不存在mean这一形式(mean主要用作动词,表示“意思是 也可用作名词,表示“中间”、“中 庸 此 题 正 确 答 案 为 B,by all means为习语,意为“一定”、“尽一切 办 法 顺 便 说 一 句,means用作主语时,其谓语的数需根据句意来确定。比较:All possible means have been tried.所有可能的办法都已经试过了。Every possible means has been tried.每种可能的办法都已
20、经试过了。若句意不能明确地表明主语的单复数,其谓语则用单数或复数均可。如:Is Are there any other means of getting more money?还有其他什么办法可弄到更多钱吗?6.Jim is person,and everyone is willing to be with him.A.so kind a,friends B.so a kind,friendsC.so kind a,friend D.so a kind,friend【陷阱】误选C 或 D。认 为 friend要用单数。【分析】其实此题最佳答案为A。so kind a person相当于such
21、 a kind person,注意两者中冠词的位置不同。be friends with是习语,意为“与友好、”跟做朋友”,与之同义的类似地还有make friends with。值得说明的是,这类短语中的名词总是用复数,即使句子主语为单数也是如此。如:He is friends with m e.他与我是朋友。He has made friends with everyone here.他与这儿的每个人交上了朋友。7.We already have pencils,but we need two pens.A.dozen of,dozen B.dozens of,dozensC.dozens
22、of,dozen D.dozens of,dozen of【陷阱】误 选 Bo【分析】此题最佳答案为C。关于dozen的复数是否加词尾的问题比较复杂,大致原则是:(1)当它与具体数字连用时,既不加复数词尾-s,也不后接介词of。尽管有的词书也有two dozen o f 这样的用例,但这已属过时用法,在考试中应避免,如 1992年全国高考有一道单项选择题就认为two dozen o f为错误选项:Shortly after the a c c id e n t,p o lic e were sent to the spot to keep order.A.dozens of B.dozensC
23、.dozen of D.dozen D(2)当它不与具体数字连用,而是表示不确定的泛指数时,则 不 仅 要 加 复 数 词 尾 而且要后接介词o f,此时可将dozens of(许多,几十)视为习语。如:Fve been there dozens of tim es.我去过那儿几十次。She飞 got dozens of boy-friends.她的男朋友很多。下面一例中的dozens加了复数词尾-s 也属为似情况:Pack them in dozens.按打装袋吧。(3)当 与 a few,several等数目不很具体的词连用时,加不加复数词尾均可,但需注意:不加复数词尾-s时,其后的介词o
24、 f可以省略;加词尾-s时,其后介词o f不能省略。如:several dozen(of)pencils=several dozens of pencils 几打铅笔注:英语较少使用many dozen的说法,要表示类似意思可用dozens of。(4)当它后面的名词受the,these,those等特指限定词修饰时,或其后的接的是us,them这样的人称代词时,则此时必须用介词of。如:two dozen of these eggs 两打这种鸡蛋three dozen of them 它们中的 3 打注:score,hundred,thousand,million等也具有以上类似用法。8.S
25、he raised her finger to her lips as for silence.A.an idea B.a markC.a sign D.a word【陷阱】容易误选B。【分析】应选C,sign与mark的区另U 是:sig n的意思是 迹象、征兆gesture or movementmade with the hand,head,etc,used to give information,a command,etc(用手或头等做出示意动作以传递信息或命令等),mark 的意思是 written or printed symbol or figure,line etc made
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