2021年6月大学英语四级真题试卷（二）.pdf

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1、2021年 6 月大学英语四级真题试卷（二）本试题来源于考生回忆，仅供广大考生参考，请勿用作其他用途！作文1.For this part,y ou are allow ed 30 minutes to w rite an essay titled I stechnology making people laz y?.Y ou should w rite at least 120 w ords but nomore than 180 w ords.【正确答案】I s technology making people laz y?I s technology making people laz y

2、?This is quite an interesting question many people might nev er think of.Aftercareful consideration,my answ er is Y es.Technology is making people laz y.Afamous say ing goes that laz iness promotes the adv ances of technology.I n turn,adv anced technology makes people become laz ier after replacing

3、human beings todo w hat they should hav e done.For ex ample,w ith the help of robots,people canclean their houses w ithout ev en mov ing their butts.W ith the adv ent ofcomputers,the situation is going from bad to w orse.M any studies claim thatcomputers distract people,make them laz y thinkers and

4、ev en low er their w orkefficiency.M ay be that5 s w hy many people are hopping from one w ebsite toanother,hav ing no idea of w hat they are doing.To conclude,technology makespeople laz y.M ankind need to be aw are of not becoming the slav e of technology.词汇理解Social isolation poses more health risk

5、s than obesity or smoking 15 cigarettesa day,according to research published by Brigham Y oung Univ ersity.The Cl is that loneliness is a huge,if silent,risk factor.L onelinessaffects phy sical health in tw o w ay s.First,it produces stress hormones thatcan lead to many health problems.Second,people

6、 w ho liv e alone are less likelyto go to the doctor C2,to ex ercise or to eat a healthy diet.Publichealth ex perts in many countries are C3 how to address w idespreadloneliness in our society.L ast y ear Britain ev en appointed a minister forloneliness.L oneliness C4 almost ev ery one of us at some

7、 point,“its minister for loneliness Baroness Barran said.I t can lead to v ery serioushealth C5 for indiv iduals w ho become isolated and disconnected.”Barran started a L et s Talk L oneliness campaign that C6 difficultconv ersations across Britain.H e is now supporting C7 benches,w hich are public

8、seating areas w here people are encouraged to go and chat w ithone another.The minister is also C8 to stop public transportationfrom being cut in w ay s that leav e people isolated.M ore than one-fifth ofadults in both the United States and Britain said in a 2018 C9 thatthey often or alw ay s feel l

9、onely.M ore than half of American adults areunmarried,and researchers hav e found that ev en among those w ho are married,30%of relationships are CI O strained.A quarter of Americans nowliv e alone,and as the song say s,one is the loneliest number.A)abruptly I)implication B)appointments J)pushing C)

10、consequences K)sev erely D)debatingL)sparked E)dimensions M)splitting F)friendly N)surv ey G)hindered 0)touches H)idiom【正确答案】2.Cl【正确答案】I【试题解析】名词辨析题。空格位于定冠词The之后，因此空格处需要填入名词。本句意为：孤独是一个巨大的风险因素，尽管它是无声的。由上一句可知，与社会隔绝带来的健康风险比肥胖或每天吸15支烟更大，这说明孤独是一个巨大的风险因素，因此空格处应填入含有“说明，表明”意义的名词，故本题答案为D implication。因为空格后的系动词

11、is是单数，因此本空应填入不可数名词或可数名词单数形式。在备选项中，I I)idiom和 N)surv ey 不符合语义，因此排除。3.C2【正确答案】B【试题解析】名词辨析题。空格位于the doctor之后，推测空格所填词应为名词且与the doctor构成名词词组。本句意为：独 居 的 人 不 太 可 能 去 医 生。由句意可知，独居的人不太可能去看医生。the doctor appointments意 为 就 诊 预 约 ，而 go to thedoctor appointments是固定表达，意 为 去 看 医 生 ，故本题答案为B)appointments。4.C3【正确答案】D【

12、试题解析】动词辨析题。分析句子结构可知，空格位于are之后，空格后面为“how+不定式”结构，相当于名词性从句，因此空格处需要填入动词的分词形式，与 are共同构成句子的谓语。本句意为：许多国家的公共卫生专家正在 如何解决社会中普遍存在的孤独问题。由前两段可知，孤独带来很多危害，那么专家们需要研究如何解决这一问题，因此空格处应填入含有或接近“研究”意义的动词。备选词中只有D)d e b a t i n g 讨论”词义最接近，故为本题答案。5.C4【正确答案】0【试题解析】动词辨析题。空格位于名词Loneliness之后，而且本句缺少谓语动词，因此空格处需要填入动词的第三人称单数形式。备选词中只

13、有0)touches符合语法要求。将它代入句中，则句意为“几乎每个人在某个时刻都会感到孤独”，符合文义，因此本题答案为 0)touches o6.C5【正确答案】C【试题解析】名词辨析题。分析句子结构可知，句子主干为主谓宾结构，且宾语不完整。health与空格所填词构成名词词组，作句子的宾语。health是名词作定语，空格处所填词作为宾语中心词也应该是名词。本句意为：对于变得孤立和与世隔绝的人来说，它会导致非 常 严 重 的 健 康。由第一段可知，孤独带来很大的健康风险，那么自然会引起严重的健康后果，因此空格处应填入含有“结果，后果”意义的名词，故本题答案为C)consequences7.C6

14、【正确答案】L【试题解析】动词辨析题。分析句子结构可知，空格所在的定语从句缺少谓语动词，因此空格处需要填入动词。主句是一般过去时，所以从句也应该为过去时。本句意为：巴伦发起了一个名为“让我们谈谈孤独”的活动，在全英国 艰难的对话。由句意可知，该活动让人们开始谈论孤独，也就是所谓的“艰难的对话”，因此空格处应填入含有“引起，激起”意义的词，故本题答案为L)sparked。8.C7【正确答案】F【试题解析】形容词辨析题。分析句子结构可知，本句句子成分完整，空格位于名词benches之前，因此空格处需要填入形容词。分析句意可知，所 谓 的“benches”就是人们可以互相聊天的公共座位区域，因此空格

15、处应填入含有积极意义的形容词，以体现出benches的积极作用，故本题答案为F)friendly。备选项中只有一个形容词，也可以由此确定答案。9.C8【正确答案】J【试题解析】语义理解题。空格位于i s之后，因此空格处需要填入形容词形式，或者动词的-ing形式或-ed形式。本句意为：这位部长还 阻止公共交通中断，以免人们被孤立。本句中的The minster指的就是英国负责孤独问题的部长，这是他为了减少孤独而采取的另外一项措施，因此空格处应填入含有或接近“试图，努力”意义的词，故本题答案为J)pushing“推动”。10.C9【正确答案】N【试题解析】名词辨析题。空格位于a 2018之后，因此

16、空格处需要填入可数名词单数形式。本句意为：在 2018年的一项 中，美国和英国超过五分之一的成年人表示，他们经常或总是感到孤独。由句意可知，空格处应填入含有“研究，调查”意义的名词，故本题答案为N)survey11.CIO【正确答案】K【试题解析】副词辨析题。空格位于系动词are和形容词strained之间，且句子成分完整，因此需要填入副词。本句意为：即使是那些已婚人士，也有3 0%的人关系 紧张。由句意可知，空格处应填入表示程度的副词，故本题答案为K)severely。另外一个备选副词A)abruptly不能表示程度，因此排除。长篇阅读What happens when a language

17、 has no words for numbers?A)Numbers do not existin all cultures.There are numberless hunter-gatherers in Amazonia,livingalong branches of the world，s largest river tree.Instead of using words forprecise quantities,these people rely exclusively on terms similar to few”or some.In contrast,our own live

18、s are governed by numbers.As you read this,you are likely aware of what time it is,how old you are,your checking accountbalance,your weight and so on.The exact numbers we think with impacteverything in our lives.B)But,in a historical sense,number-conscious peoplelike us are the unusual ones.For the

19、bulk of our species，approximately200,000-year lifespan,we had no means of precisely representing quantities.Whats more,the 7,000 or so languages that exist today vary dramatically inhow they utilize numbers.C)Speakers of anumeric,or numberless,languagesoffer a window into how the invention of number

20、s reshaped the human experience.Cultures without numbers,or with only one or two precise numbers,include theMunduruku and Piraha in Amazonia.Researchers have also studied some adults inNicaragua who were never taught number words.Without numbers,healthy humanadults struggle to precisely distinguish

21、and recall quantities as low as four.In an experiment,a researcher wi11 place nuts into a can one at a time andthen remove them one by one.The person watching is asked to signal when allthe nuts have been removed.Responses suggest that anumeric people have sometrouble keeping track of how many nuts

22、remain in the can,even if there areonl y four or five in total.D）This and m any othe r e x p e rim e nts have l e d to asim p l e concl usion:Whe n p e op l e d o not have num be r word s,the y struggl e to m akequantitative d istinctions that p robabl y se e m natural to som e one l ike y ou or m e

23、.Whi1 e onl y a sm al l p ortion of the worl d s l anguage s are anum e ric or ne arl yanum e ric,the y d e m onstrate that num be r word s are not a hum an unive rsal.E）Itis worth stre ssing that the se anum e ric p e op l e are cognitive l y （在认知方面）norm al,we l l-ad ap te d to the surround ings th

24、e y have d om inate d for ce nturie s.Asa chil d,I sp e nt som e tim e l iving with anum e ric p e op l e,the Piraha who l iveal ong the banks of the bl ack Maici Rive r.Like othe r outsid e rs,I wascontinual l y im p re sse d by the ir sup e rior und e rstand ing of the e col ogy we share d.Y e t n

25、um be rl e ss p e op l e struggl e with tasks that re quire p re cise d iscrim inationbe twe e n quantitie s.Pe rhap s this shoul d be unsurp rising.Afte r al l,withoutcounting,how can som e one te l l whe the r the re are,say,se ve n or e ight coconuts（椰子）in a tre e?Such se e m ingl y straightforwa

26、rd d istinctions be com e bl urrythrough num be rl e ss e y e s.F）This concl usion is e choe d by work with anum e ricchil d re n in ind ustrial iz e d socie tie s.Prior to be ing sp oon-fe d num be r word s,chil d re n can onl y ap p rox im ate l y d iscrim inate quantitie s be y ond thre e.We m us

27、tbe hand e d the cognitive tool s of num be rs be fore we can consiste ntl y and e asil yre cogniz e highe r quantitie s.In fact,acquiring the e x act m e aning of num be rword s is a p ainstaking p roce ss that take s chil d re n y e ars.Initial l y,kid s l e arnnum be rs m uch l ike the y l e arn

28、l e tte rs.The y re cogniz e that num be rs are organiz e dse que ntial l y,but have l ittl e aware ne ss of what e ach ind ivid ual num be r m e ans.With tim e,the y start to und e rstand that a give n num be r re p re se nts a quantitygre ate r by one than the num be r com ing be fore it.This succ

29、e ssor p rincip l e 7 isp art of the found ation of our num e rical （数字的）cognition,but re quire se x te nsive p ractice to und e rstand.G）None of us,the n,is re al l y a num be rsp e rson.We are not born to hand l e quantitative d istinctions skil l ful l y.In theabse nce of the cul tural trad ition

30、s that fil l our 1 ive s with num be rs frominfancy,we woul d al l struggl e with e ve n basic quantitative d istinctions.Num be r word s and the ir writte n form s transform our quantitative re asoning asthe y are introd uce d into our cognitive e x p e rie nce by our p are nts,p e e rs andschool t

31、e ache rs.The p roce ss se e m s so norm al that we som e tim e s think of it as anatural p art of growing up,but it is not.Hum an brains com e e quip p e d withce rtain quantitative instincts that are re fine d with age,but the se instinctsare ve ry l im ite d.I I)C om p are d with othe r m am m al

32、 s,our num e rical instincts arenot as re m arkabl e as m any assum e.We e ve n share som e basic instinctualquantitative re asoning with d istant non-m am m al ian re l ative s l ike bird s.Ind e e d,work with som e othe r sp e cie s sugge sts the y too can re fine the ir quantitativethought if the

33、 y are introd uce d to the cognitive p owe r tool s we cal l num be rs.I)So,how d id we e ve r inve nt unnatural num be rs in the first p l ace?The answe ris,l ite ral l y,at y our finge rtip s.The bul k of the worl d，s l anguage s use base-1 0,base-2 0 or base-5 num be r sy ste m s.That is,the se s

34、m al l e r num be rs are thebasis of l arge r num be rs.Engl ish is a base-1 0 or d e cim al (十进制的)l anguage,as e vid e nce d by word s l ike 1 4 (four +1 0 )and 3 1 (thre e X 1 0 +one ).We sp e ak a d e cim al l anguage be cause an ance stral tongue,p roto-Ind o-Europ e an,was d e cim al l y base d

35、.Proto-Ind o-Europ e an was d e cim al l y orie nte dbe cause,as in so m any cul ture s,our ance stors hand s se rve d as the gate way tothe re al iz ation that five finge rs on one hand is the sam e as five finge rs onthe othe r.Such m om e ntary thoughts we re re p re se nte d in word s and p asse

36、 d d ownacross ge ne rations.This is why the word five in m any l anguage s is d e rive dfrom the word for hand.Most num be r sy ste m s,the n,are the by-p rod uct of twoke y factors:the hum an cap acity for l anguage and our incl ination for focusingon our hand s and finge rs.This m anual fix ation

37、-an ind ire ct by p rod uct ofwal king up right on two l e gs-has he l p e d y ie l d num be rs in m ost cul ture s,but notal l.J)C ul ture s without num be rs al so offe r insight into the cognitiveinfl ue nce of p articul ar num e ric trad itions.C onsid e r what tim e it is.Y our d ayis rul e d b

38、y m inute s and se cond s,but the se conce p ts are not re al in anyp hy sical se nse and are none x iste nt to num be rl e ss p e op l e.Minute s and se cond sare the ve rbal and writte n re p re se ntations of an uncom m on base-60 num be r sy ste muse d in ancie nt Me sop otam ia.The y re sid e i

39、n our m ind s,num e rical artifacts(人工制 品)that not al l hum ans inhe rit conce p tual l y.K)Re se arch on the l anguageof num be rs shows,m ore and m ore,that one of our sp e cie s ke y characte risticsis tre m e nd ous l inguistic(语言的)and cognitive d ive rsity.If we are to trul yund e rstand how m

40、uch our cognitive l ive s d iffe r cross-cul tural l y,we m ustcontinual l y e x p l ore the d e p ths of our sp e cie s 1 inguistic d ive rsity.【正确答案】1 3.It is d ifficul t for anum e ric p e op l e to ke e p track of the change in num be rse ve n whe n the total is ve ry sm al l.【正确答案】C【试题解析】定位句提到，

41、他们的反应表明，没有数字概念的人很难记住罐子中还有多少坚果，尽管总数只有四个或五个。题干中的anum e ric p e op l e 和 ke e p track of和原文表达方式完全一致，且题干中的change in num be rs对应原文中的how m any nuts re m ainin the can,故答案为C）。1 4.Hum an num e rical instincts are not so sup e rior to those of othe r m am m al s asis ge ne ral l y be l ie ve d.【正确答案】I I【试题解析

42、】定位句指出，和其他哺乳动物相比，我们的数字本能并不像很多人想象的那样非凡。题干中的Hum an num e rical instincts和 othe r m am m al s和文中所述一致,且题干中的sup e rior to对应原文中的re m arkabl e,题干中的as is ge ne ral l y be fie ve d 对应原文中的as m any assunl e,故答案为H）。1 5.The author e m p hasiz e s be ing anum e ric d oe s not affe ct one，s cognitive abil ity.【正确答

43、案】E【试题解析】定位句提到，值得强调的是，这些不懂数字的人在认知方面是正常的，很好地适应了他们统治了几个世纪的环境。题干中的not affe ct one,s cognitive abil ity对应原文中的cognifive l y norm al,故答案为E）1 6.In the l ong history of m ankind,hum ans who use num be rs are a ve ry sm al lm inority.【正确答案】B【试题解析】定位句提到，从历史意义来看，像我们这样对数字有意识的人类是不寻常的。题干中的 In the l ong history of

44、 m ankind 对应原文中的 in a historical se nse,题干中的a ve ry sm al l m inority 对应原文中的the unusual one so故答案为B）。1 7.An in-d e p th stud y of d iffe re nce s be twe e n hum an l anguage s contribute s to atrue und e rstand ing of cognitive d iffe re nce s be twe e n cul ture s.【正确答案】K【试题解析】定位句提到，如果我们想真正理解我们的认知生

45、活在不同文化中有多么不同，我们就必须持续地探索人类语言多样性的深度。题干中的d iffe re nce s be twe e nhum an l anguage s 对应原文中的 our sp e cie s*l inguistic d ive rsity,题干中的cognitive d iffe re nce s be twe e n cul ture s 对应原文中的 how m uch our cognitive l ive sd iffe r cross-cul tural l y,故答案为 K）。1 8.A concl usion has be e n d rawn from m a

46、ny e x p e rim e nts that anum e ric p e op l e havea hard tim e d istinguishing quantitie s.【正确答案】D【试题解析】定位句提到，这个实验和许多其他的实验得出了一个简单的结论：当人们没有数字词汇时，他们很难进行数量上的区分。题干中的e x p e r i m e n t s 和 co n cl u s i o n 均和原文一致。题干中的 an u m e r i c p e o p l e 对应原文中的 p e o p l e d o n o t h av e n u m be r w o r d s

47、,题干中的 h av e a h ar d t i m e d i s t i n g u i s h i n g q u an t i t i e s 对应原文中的 s t r ag g l e t om ak e q u an t i t at i v e d i s t i n ct i o n s,故答案为 D）。1 9.M ak i n g q u an t i t at i v e d i s t i n ct i o n s i s n o t an i n bo r n s k i l l.【正确答案】G【试题解析】定位句提到，我们不是天生就能够熟练地进行定量区分。题干中的M

48、ak i n gq u an t i t at i v e d i s t i n ct i o n s 对应原文中的 h an d l e q u an t i t at i v e d i s t i n ct i o n s,题干中的 n o t an i n bo r n s k i l l 对应原文中的ar e n o t bo r n t o,故答案为G）。20.E v e r y as p e ct o f o u r l i v e s i s af f e ct e d by n u m be r s.【正确答案】A【试题解析】定位句提到，我们的生活是被数字支配的。就在你读这

49、篇文章的时候，你很可能知道现在是几点了，你多大了，你的支票账户余额，你的体重等等。我们思考所用的确切的数字影响着我们生活中的一切。题干中的e v e r y as p e ct o f o u r l i v e s 对应原文中的 e v e r y t h i n g i n o u r l i v e s,故答案为 A）。21.L ar g e r n u m be r s ar e s ai d t o be bu i l t u p o n s m al l e r n u m be r s.【正确答案】I【试题解析】定位句提到，这些小一些的数字是大一些的数字的基础。题干中的L ar

50、g e rn u m be r s 和 s m al l e r n u m be r s 均和原文一致，题干中的t o be bu i l t u p o n 对应原文中的ar e t h e bas i s o f,故答案为 I）。22.It t ak e s g r e at e f f o r t s f o r ch i Id r e n t o g r as p t h e co n ce p t o f n u m be r w o r d s.【正确答案】F【试题解析】定位句提到，这 种“顺序原理”是我们数字认知的基础之一，但是需要大量的练习去理解。题干中的t ak e s g