2021年英语高考真题卷--北京卷（含答案解析）.pdf

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1、2021年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试北京卷英 语第一部分知识运用（共两节,30分）第 一 节（共10小题;每小题1.5分 洪15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Recently,I took a trip home by train.I got a seat opposite a middle-aged man with sharp eyes,who kept ayoung woman in a window seat with a little boy on her lap.The womans eye fell on the mans

2、face,and she immediatelylooked down and 2 her scarf.As the night wore on,people began to close their eyes,but the seats were so uncomfortable that only a very heavysleeper could manage to get any 3.The woman looked over at the man.He was still staring at her.She looked back athim with fire in her ey

3、es.I was beginning to get 4,too.The train moved on.The little boy was 5 awake on his mothers lap,but the woman dropped off to sleep.Amoment later,he began to 6 the half-open window one leg went over it.The man jumped up and 7 the childjust before he fell out.The 8 woke up the woman.She seemed to be

4、in 9,and then reality dawned（显现）.Your child has beenlooking for an opportunity to climb out of the window,the man said as he gave the child back to her.So I have beenwatching the whole time.The woman was 10,and so was 1.阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。l.A.guidingB.bothe

5、ringC.watchingD.monitoring2.A.adjustedB.changedC.packedD.waved3.A.airB.joyC.spaceD.rest4.A.nervousB.embarrassedC.angryD.disappointed5.A.almostB.stillC.hardlyD.even6.A.dragB.climbC.knockD.push7.A.grabbedB.rockedC.touchedD.picked8.A.alarmB.quarrelC.riskD.noise9.A.sorrowB.reliefC.panicD.pain10.A.astoni

6、shedB.confusedC.concerned D.inspired第 二 节（共10小题;每小题1.5分 洪15分）AWhy do we dream?Scientists arent completely sure,and they have diverse 11（idea）.Dreams might be a sideeffect of memory making.When you sleep,your brain sorts through everything 12 happened during the day,tryingto link new experiences to o

7、ld memories.As it 13（connect）things,your brain turns them into a story,and you get adream.BSam is an in-real-life streamer（播主），and he live streams himself just going about his day.While riding his bikehome 14 a cold night,he came across a sad-looking elderly woman wandering the streets by herself.Th

8、e poorwoman wasnt able to give him any information about 15 she lived.Sam walked her to a nearby convenience storeso that she could 16（safe）wait for the police to take her home.CThere 17（be）a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years,18（cause）largely by rising glob

9、al temperatures,according to a new report from the United N ations.From 2000 to 2019,there were7,348 major natural disasters around the world,19（result）in USD 2,970 billion in economic loss.Much of thisincrease can be due to climate change.The findings show a critical need 20（invest）in disaster prev

10、ention.第二部分阅读理解（共两节,38分）第 一 节（共 14小题海小题2 分 洪 28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AIf you are planning to start a career in the field of education,science,or culture,then an internship（实习）atUN ESCO will be ideal for you.Who can apply?You have completed your full-time university studies;orYou are st

11、udying in a graduate program for a masters degree.Applicants in technical assignments must have reached the last year of their studies in a technical institution.What are the requirements?You must be at least 20 years old.You should have a good command（掌握）of either English or French.You must have an

12、 excellent knowledge of office-related software.You should be able to work well in a team and adapt to an international working environment.You should possess strong interpersonal and communication skills.What do you need to prepare?Visa:You should obtain the necessary visas.Travel:You must arrange

13、and finance your travel to and from the location where you will do your internship.Medical insurance:You must show proof of a comprehensive health insurance valid（有效的）in the target country forthe entire period of the internship.UN ESCO will provide limited insurance coverage up to USD 30,000 fbr the

14、 internshipperiod.Medical certificate:You must provide a medical certificate indicating you are fit to work.Motivation letter:You should have your motivation letter ready before filling out the application form.Your application will be accessed by UN ESCO managers and will stay in our database for s

15、ix months.We do notrespond to every candidate.If selected,you will be contacted by a manager.If you do not receive any update within sixmonths,it means that your application has not been successful.21.According to this passage,applicants are required to.A.hold a masters degree in scienceB.have inter

16、national work experienceC.be fluent in either English or FrenchD.present a letter from a technical institution22.What will UN ESCO provide for the internship period?A.Limited medical insurance coverage.B.Training in communication skills.C.A medical certificate for work.D.Financial support for travel

17、.23.What should applicants do before filling out the application form?A.Contact UN ESCO managers.B.Get access to the database.C.Keep a motivation letter at hand.D.Work in a team for six months.BI remember the day during our first week of class when we were informed about our semester（学期）project ofvo

18、lunteering at a non-profit organization.When the teacher introduced us to the different organizations that needed ourhelp,my last choice was Operation Iraqi Children（OIC）.My first impression of the organization was that it was not goingto make enough of a difference with the plans I had in mind.Then

19、,an OIC representative gave us some details,which somewhat interested me.After doing some research,Ibelieved that we could really do something for those kids.When I went online to the OIC website,I saw pictures of theIraqi children.Their faces were so powerful in sending a message of their despair（绝

20、望）and need that I joined this projectwithout hesitation.We decided to collect as many school supplies as possible,and make them into kits one kit,onechild.The most rewarding day for our group was project day,when all the efforts we put into collecting the items finallycame together.When I saw the va

21、rious supplies we had collected,it hit me that every kit we were to build that day wouldeventually be in the hands of an Iraqi child.Over the past four months,1 had never imagined how 1 would feel once ourproject was completed.While making the kits,I realized that I had lost sight of the true meanin

22、g behind it.I had onlyfocused on the fact that it was another school project and one I wanted to get a good grade on.When the kits werecompleted,and ready to be sent overseas,the warm feeling I had was one I would never forget.In the beginning,I dared myself to make a difference in the life of anoth

23、er person.N ow that our project is over,Irealize that I have affected not only one life,but ten.With our efforts,ten young boys and girls will now be able to furthertheir education.24.How did the author feel about joining the OIC project in the beginning?A.It would affect his/her initial plans.B.It

24、would involve traveling overseas.C.It would not bring him/her a good grade.D.It would not live up to his/her expectations.25.What mainly helped the author change his/her attitude toward the project?A.Images of Iraqi children.B.Research by his/her classmates.C.A teachers introduction.D.A representati

25、ve comments.26.The authors OIC project group would help ten Iraqi children to.A.become OIC volunteersB.further their educationC.study in foreign countriesD.influence other children27.What can we conclude from this passage?A.Ones potential cannot always be underrated.B.First impression cannot always

26、be trusted.C.Actions speak louder than words.D.He who hesitates is lost.CHundreds of scientists,writers and academics sounded a warning to humanity in an open letter published lastDecember:Policymakers and the rest of us must engage openly with the risk of global collapse.Researchers in many areasha

27、ve projected the widespread collapse as Ha credible scenario（情景）this century,.A survey of scientists found that extreme weather events,food insecurity,and freshwater shortages might createglobal collapse.Of course,if you are a non-human species,collapse is well underway.The call for public engagemen

28、t with the unthinkable is especially germane in this moment of still-uncontrolledpandemic and economic crises in the worlds most technologically advanced nations.N ot very long ago,it was alsounthinkable that a virus would shut down nations and that safety nets would be proven so disastrously lackin

29、g inflexibility.The international scholars,warning letter doesnt say exactly what collapse will look like or when it might happen.Collapseology,the study of collapse,is more concerned with identifying trends and with them the dangers of everydaycivilization.Among the signatories（签署者）of the warning w

30、as Bob Johnson,the originator of the ecological footprintconcept,which measures the total amount of environmental input needed to maintain a given lifestyle.With the currentfootprint of humanity,it seems that global collapse is certain to happen in some form,possibly within a decade,certainlywithin

31、this century,1 Johnson said in an email.Only if we discuss the consequences of our biophysical limits,the December warning letter says,can we have thehope to reduce their speed,severity and harm.And yet messengers of the coming disturbance are likely to be ignored.We all want to hope things will tur

32、n out fine.As a poet wrote,Man is a victim of dope（麻醉品）In the incurable form of hope.The hundreds of scholars who signed the letter are intent（执着）on quieting hope that ignores preparedness.Letlook directly into the issue of collapse,they say,and deal with the terrible possibilities of what we see th

33、ere to make thebest of a troubling future.*28.What does the underlined word germane in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A.Scientific.B.Credible.C.Original.D.Relevant.29.As for the public awareness of global collapse,the author is.A.worried B.puzzled C.surprised D.scared3O.What can we learn from this passag

34、e?A.The signatories may change the biophysical limits.B.The author agrees with the message of the poem.C.The issue of collapse is being prioritized.D.The global collapse is well underway.DEarly fifth-century philosopher St.Augustine famously wrote that he knew what time was unless someone asked him.

35、Albert Einstein added another wrinkle when he theorized that time varies depending on where you measure it.Todaysstate-of-the-art atomic（原子的）clocks have proven Einstein right.Even advanced physics cant decisively tell us whattime is,because the answer depends on the question youre asking.Forget abou

36、t time as an absolute.What if,instead of considering time in terms of astronomy,we related time toecology?What if we allowed environmental conditions to set the tempo（节奏）of human life?Were increasingly awareof the fact that we cant control Earth systems with engineering alone,and realizing that we n

37、eed to moderate（调节）ouractions if we hope to live in balance.What if our definition of time reflected that?Recently,1 conceptualized a new approach to timekeeping thats connected to circumstances on our planet,conditionsthat might change as a result of global warming.Were now building a clock at the

38、Anchorage Museum that reflects thetotal flow of several major Alaskan rivers,which are sensitive to local and global environmental changes.Weveprogrammed it to match an atomic clock if the waterways continue to flow at their present rate.If the rivers run faster inthe future on average,the clock wil

39、l get ahead of standard time.If they run slower,youll see the opposite effect.The clock registers both short-term irregularities and long-term trends in river dynamics.Its a sort of observatory thatreveals how the rivers are behaving from their own temporal frame（时间框架），and allows us to witness those

40、 changes onour smartwatches or phones.Anyone who opts to go on Alaska Mean River Time will live in harmony with the planet.Anyone who considers river time in relation to atomic time will encounter a major imbalance and may be motivated tocounteract it by consuming less fuel or supporting greener pol

41、icies.Even if this method of timekeeping is novel in its particulars,early agricultural societies also connected time tonatural phenomena.In pre-Classical Greece,for instance,people corrected official calendars by shifting dates forward orbackward to reflect the change of season.Temporal connection

42、to the environment was vital to their survival.Likewise,river time and other timekeeping systems were developing may encourage environmental awareness.When St.Augustine admitted his inability to define time,he highlighted one of times most noticeable qualities:Timebecomes meaningful only in a define

43、d context.Any timekeeping system is valid,and each is as praiseworthy as itspurpose.31.What is the main idea of Paragraph 1?A.Timekeeping is increasingly related to nature.B.Everyone can define time on their own terms.C.The qualities of time vary with how you measure it.D.Time is a major concern of

44、philosophers and scientists.32.The author raises three questions in Paragraph 2 mainly to.A.present an assumptionB.evaluate an argumentC.highlight an experimentD.introduce an approach33.What can we learn from this passage?A.Those who do not go on river time will live an imbalanced life.B.N ew ways o

45、f measuring time can help to control Earth systems.C.Atomic time will get ahead of river time if the rivers run slower.D.Modern technology may help to shape the rivers?temporal frame.34.What can we infer from this passage?A.It is crucial to improve the definition of time.B.A fixed frame will make ti

46、me meaningless.C.We should live in harmony with nature.D.History is a mirror reflecting reality.第 二 节（共5小题;每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Music has long been considered to be an enjoyable pastime for many people.35 The mental health benefitsfrom music cant be argued.Music coul

47、d also be helping you with many other health problems behind the scenes.36 However,for the same reason,music can be very beneficial if one is in pain.By distracting（分心、）themind from the pain,music,people say,can lower stress and anxiety levels.This,of course,can lead to less pain.Many people enjoy r

48、elaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed.S7 While the validity of the idea isstill being assessed,the lowered stress can even be tied back to blood pressure.Similarly,according to researchers,listening to just 30 minutes of soft music every day may help with healthy blood sugar levels,thro

49、ugh the lowering ofstress and anxiety.When it comes to heart health,there is speculation（推测）that its not the style of music,but rather the tempo thatmakes it so good for your heart health.In one European study,participants listened to music as the researchers monitoredtheir heart rates and blood pre

50、ssure.38 On the other hand,when the music slowed,the participants5 stress andanxiety levels became lower and the effects on heart rates appeared to follow suit.39 But there is a whole range of other health issues that turning up the radio could be beneficial for,whichis what makes music so valuable.