2022年全国中考英语真题(江苏河南广东四川安徽河南等)汇编专题19短文填空考点2选词填空(解析版).pdf

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1、专题1 9短文填空考点2 选词填空（一）（2022辽宁大连中考真题）阅读下面短文，从方框中选择适当的词或短语并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每个词或短语限用一次。lucky learn know magic look upPatrick never did homework.Too boring,he said.He played baseball and basketball instead.His teacherstold him,uPatrick!Do your homework,or you cant a thing.And its true.Sometimes he did

2、 feel like afool.But what could he do?He hated home work.One day,Patrick cat was playing with a little“doll”.He found itwasnt a doll at all,but a man of the smallest size.The man called,Save me!Dont give me back to that cat.I have2.1 will help you if you save me!Patrick couldnt believe how 3 he was!

3、Here was the answer to all of his problems.So he said,“Only if you do all my homework till the end of the term.If you do a good enough job,I can even get As.The little elf（精灵）kicked his legs and rubbed（搓）his hands.UA1I right.VW do it.And true to his words,that little elf began to do Patricks homewor

4、k.Sometimes he 4 what to do andhe needed help.Help me!Help me!hed say.And Patrick would have to help in whatever way.“What does this word mean?”the elf cried while he was reading Patricks homework.Get me a dictionary.No,whats even better,5 the word and explain it to me.【答案】1.learn2.magic3.lucky4.did

5、nt know5.look up【解析】【导语】本文主要讲述了 Patrick从不做家庭作业，然后遇到了精灵，精灵帮助其学习的事。I.句意：做你的家庭作业，否则你什么也学不会。根据“D。your homework”和备选词可知，此处是指否则什么也学不会。leam“学习“，动词；情态动词can后跟动词原形。故填learn。2.句意：我有魔法。如果你救我，我会帮你的!根据I will help you if you save me!和I have.”可知,空处缺少名词，备选词magic“魔法”符合语境。故填magic。3.句意：Patrick简直不敢相信他是多么幸运！根据Here was the

6、answer to all of his problems.”可知，知道所有问题的答案，所以是很幸运的。lucky“幸运的”，形容词。故填lucky。4.句意：有时他不知道该怎么做，他需要帮助。根据“he needed help.”可知，此处是指不知道做什么，要用否定形式；再结合“needed”可知，需用一般过去时，借助于助动词d id n t,后接动词原形know“知 道 故 填didnt knowo5.句意：不，更好的是,查一下这个词,给我解释一下。根据“the word and explain it to me”可知，此处是指查单词，look up“查阅”；祈使句是以动词原形开头。故填l

7、ookup。（二）（2022辽宁沈阳中考真题）阅读短文，然后根据其内容从方框中选出可以填入空白处的短语。had fun in need raised my spirits so nice your visitDear Betty,Fm writing this letter to express my thanks to you.You helped me a lot when I was 6.My parents had to work all day,so I felt lonely while in hospital.Before 7,1 was feeling very low.Whe

8、nyou came,everything changed.We 8 together.When I said that I needed some photos of the park near myhome,you offered to bring them to me on your next visit.You were 9.1 was able to make a nicepainting of the park.I have taken a photo of my painting,and sent it to you with this letter.You really help

9、ed meduring my illness.You 10.and made me feel loved.Thank you so much!Yours,Cindy【答案】6.in need7.your visit8.had fun9.so nice10.raised my spirits【解析】【导语】本文是辛迪写给贝蒂的信，信中表示了对于贝蒂对自己帮助的感谢。6.句意：在我最困难的时候，你帮了我很多。根据“You helped ine a lot when Iwas.”可知，是在困难的时候帮助了我，in need 在困难中，迫切需要 符合语境，故填in need。7.句意：你来之前，我情绪

10、很低落。根据Befbre.,I was feeling very low.When you came,everything changed.,5可知，来之前，情绪低落，来之后，一切都改变了。your visit“你的来访，你的到来”符合语境，故填your visit。8.句 意:我们在一起很开心。此处需要动词作谓语，根据“We.together.”可知，一起玩得很开心，had fun”玩得开心”符合语境，故填had fun。9.句意：你人真好。此处在句中作表语，备选词so nice“如此好”符合语境，故填so nice。10.句意：你鼓舞了我的精神，让我感受到爱。根据“You.,and mad

11、e me ffeel loved.”可知，此处描述贝蒂对自己的影响，raised my spirits”鼓舞了我的精神”符合语境，故填raised my spiritso（三）（2022广西梧州中考真题）阅读短文，从方框中选择单词填空，使短文意思完整、通顺。部分单词需进行词形转换，每词限用一次。they be under much come find animal difference outside and,and leaves fall off the tree.When winterIl.people live in warm houses and wear thick coats 12

12、.But what happens to the animals?Some animals sleep for part or all of the winter.It is a special,very deep sleep called hibernation（冬眠）.These13 body temperature drops,and their heartbeat（心跳）and breathing slow down.In autumn,they getready for winter by eating 14 food than in summer and storing it as

13、 body fat.This fat provides15 with enough energy while they are sleeping.Bears,snakes,frogs 16 even some bugs（甲虫）hibernate.Some animals stay active in winter.It is hard for them 17 food.Some of them,like mice,collect extrafood in autumn and store it to eat later.Some other animals eat 18 kinds of fo

14、od as the seasonschange.They may live in holes,in trees or 19 the ground to stay warm.Some birds,like wild geese（大雁）,fly to the south for the winter.We call this migration（迁徙）.Nature 20 full of magic.Arent the ways that animals get through the winter amazing?【答案】es12.outside13.animals14.more15.them1

15、6.and17.to find18.different19.under20.is【解析】【导语】本文主要介绍了动物如何过冬。1 1.句意：当冬天来临时，人们住在温暖的房子里，在外面穿厚厚的外套。根据“When winter.people live inwarm houses”以及所给词可知是当冬天来临时，come“来”，句子用一般现在时，主语是w inter,谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填comes。12.句意：当冬天来临时，人们住在温暖的房子里，在外面穿厚厚的外套。根据“people live in warm houses and wearthick coats”以及所给词可知是在外面穿厚外套

16、，outside“外面”符合。故填outside。13.句 意:这些动物的体温下降，心跳和呼吸变慢。根据These.body temperature”以及所给词可知是这些动物的体温，用名词复数的所有格animals，“动物们的。故填animals14.句意：在秋天，它们会比夏天吃更多的食物，并储存为身体脂肪，为冬天做准备。根据“food than in summerand storing it as body fat”以及所给词可知应该是吃得多才能为冬天做准备，根据“than”可知此处用比较级more“更多 故填more。15.句意：这些脂肪在它们睡觉时为它们提供了足够的能量。根据“This

17、fht provides.with enough energy”以及所给词可知是给它们提供能量，作宾语用代词宾格them“它们”。故填them。16.句意：熊、蛇、青蛙，甚至一些甲虫也会冬眠。根据Bears,snakes,frogs.even some bugs”以及所给词可知此处表示并列，用 and连接。故填and。17.句意：它们很难找到食物。根据It is hard for them.food”以及所给词可知冬天很难找到食物，find 找至，it is adj.for sb.to do sth.”做某事是.的。故填 to find。18.句意：随着季节的变化，其他一些动物吃不同种类的食物

18、。根据kinds of fbod as the seasons change”以及所给词可知是吃不同种类的食物，修饰名词用形容词differenr 不 同 的 故 填 differed。19.句意：它们可能住在洞里、树上或地下以保持温暖。根据the ground to stay warm”以及所给词可知是它们住在地下，under”在.下面”符合。故填under。20.句意：大自然充满了魔力。根据full of magic”以及所给词可知此处是结构“be full o f充满”，句子是一般现在时，主语是Nature,be动词用is。故填is。（四）（2022广西河池 中考真题）阅读下面短文，从方

19、框中选择单词，根据实际情况用其适当形式填空，使短文意思完整、通顺。每空一词，每词只能用一次。with run how flower goodMarch 22nd is World Water Day.Lets learn 21 to save water at home!Theres no need to keep the water22 while youre brushing your teeth.And you7II save a lot of water if you spend less time in the shower.Abowl with just enough water

20、is a 23 way to wash your fruit or vegetables.Then use whats left to water the24.While you are waiting for the shower water to warm up,put a bucket（桶）under it.The collected water canbe used to sweep the floor.Dont forget to share these ways of saving water 25 your family and friends.【答案】21.how22.runn

21、ing23.good24.flowers25.with【解析】【导语】本文介绍了世界水口以及节约用水的办法。21.句意:让我们学习如何在家节约用水吧！空白处应填入特殊疑问词，连接不定式“t。save”。根据备选词可知，how表示 如何，how to save water at home意为“如 何 在 家 节 约 用 水 故 填 how。22.句 意:当你在刷牙的时候，没必要让水一直流着。空白处应填入动词的现在分词形式，keep sth.doing”让某事一直做”。根据备选词可知，此处应填入runningo keep the water running意为“让水一直流。故填running。23

22、.句意：一碗水用来洗水果蔬菜足够了。空白处应填入形容词修饰way。根据备选词和句意可知，此处应填入goodo a good way to wash your fruit or vegetables 意为“洗蔬菜水果的好方法”。故填 good。24.句意：然后用剩下的水浇花。空白处应填入名词作动词water的宾语。walei是动词，意为“浇水工根据备选词和句意，此处应填入表示“花”的单词flower。花是泛指的概念，所以要变为复数形式。故填flowers。25.句意：别忘记跟你的家人和朋友们分享这些节约水的方法。“与分享 的英文表达为“share sth.withsb.”,空白处应填入介词wit

23、h。故填with。（五）（2022辽宁盘锦 中考真题）根据短文内容，用方框中所给单词填空，使短文意思完整、连贯。（每个单词限用一次，有两个多余的单词）in spirit afford spent period woke summer cost cold successful saw winterDuring the Jin Dynasty（266-420）,there was a child called Che Yin.He was smart and loved to read.He grewup in a poor family and couldnt 26 lamp（灯）oil to

24、study at night.One night,he 27 fireflies（萤火虫）outside his house and came up with an idea.He caught some fireflies and put them 28 a cloth（布）bag andhung the bag up as a lamp.It was said that he 29 all of his summer nights reading like this.Another child named Sun Kang lived during the same 30.At that

25、time,a lot of people loved readingvery much.One night during 31、Sun used up all of his lamp oil and couldnt study at night.When hesuddenly 32 up at midnight,he noticed the thick snow reflecting the moonlight.His first thought was Oh,Ican use the reflected light to read!”He still took out his books a

26、nd read,even if it was very 33.Both of the kids later became 34 government officers.People were touched by their hard-working35.Their stories inspired（启发）the Chinese idiom（成语）nangying yingxue,or“to read by the light ofbagged fireflies or the reflected light of snow”.【答案】26.afford27.saw28.in29.spent3

27、0.period31.winter32.woke33.cold34.successful35.spirit【解析】【导语】本文介绍了两个读书人发奋读书的故事，一个是车胤用萤火虫来读书，一个是孙康利用雪的反光来读书。26.句意：他在一个贫穷的家庭长大，买不起灯油来晚上学习。根据“He grew up in a poor family and couldnt.lamp（灯）oil to study at night.”可知，家里很穷，所以买不起灯油，aflford“买得起”，情态动词后用动词原形，故填afford o27.句意：一天晚上，他看到屋外有萤火虫，于是想到了一个主意。根据“he.fire

28、flies（萤火虫）outside his house”可知，看到屋外的萤火虫，saw“看见”符合语境，故填saw。28.句意：他抓了几只萤火虫，把它们放在一个布袋里，把布袋挂起来当灯。根据put them.a cloth（布）bag”可知，将萤火虫放在布袋里,in在中 符合语境,故填in。29.句意：据说他夏天所有的夜晚都是这样读书的。根据“It was said that he.all of his summer nights reading likethis 可知，夏天的所有夜晚都是这样读书的，spent“花费”符合语境，故填spent。3 0.句意：另一个名叫孙康的孩子也生活在同一时期

29、。根据“Another child named Sun Kang lived during thesame.”可知，车胤和孙康生活在同一时期，period”阶段，时期”符合语境，故填period。31.句意：冬天的一个晚上,孙用完了所有的灯油，晚上不能学习了。根据“he noticed the thick snow”可知，冬天有雪，winter“冬天”符合语境，故填winter。32.句意：当他在半夜突然醒来时，他注意到反射着月光的厚厚的雪。根据“When he suddenly.up at midnight”可知，半夜醒来，woke“醒来”符合语境，故填woke。33.句意：即使天气很冷，他

30、还是拿出书来读。联系上下文可知，冬天很冷，但是孙康还是在雪中读书，cold“寒冷的 符合语境，故填cold。34.句意：这两个孩子后来都成为了成功的政府官员。此处需要形容词作定语修饰government,successful”成功的 符合语境，故填successful。35.句意：人们被他们勤劳的精神所感动。根据“People were touched by their hard-working.”可知，人们被他们勤劳的精神所感动，spirit“精神”符合语境，故填spirit。（六）（2022辽宁营口 中考真题）根据短文内容，用方框中所给词的正确形式填空，使短文完整、正确。（每个词只用一次）

31、China return teach family real study one pride that bearHello,everyone!Td like to tell you something about a famous scientist named Qian Xuesen.He was36 in Hangzhou,Zhejiang Province on December 11,1911.After graduating from Shanghai Jiao TongUniversity in 1934,he got a chance 37 in USA.After he gra

32、duated,he became a 38 as well as aresearcher who studied rockets and missile（导弹）theories（理论）.When he was 44.he 39 to hismotherland and the countrys space research was almost a blank.In 1956,he set up the 40 researchinstitute（研究所）of rockets and missiles in China.He made such important contributions t

33、o the missile andspace programs 41 he was honored as“The Father of Chinas Missiles”.The Chinese people are42 of him.He passed away on October 31,2009 at the age of 98,but all the 43 will remember him forever.Hisdevotion（忠诚）to China was expressed in his saying,“My career is in China,my success is in

34、China and mydestination is in China!”When someone said he could make a lot more money if he stayed in the United States,helaughed and said,“My 44 name is Qian,but I dont like qian.His spirit 45 encourages us tolove our country and devote ourselves to science.He sets a good example for us.【答案】36.bom3

35、7.to study38.teacher39.returned40.first41.that42.proud43.Chinese44.family45.really【解析】【导语】本文主要介绍了“中国导弹之父 钱学森的生平和事迹。36.句意：他 于 1911年 12月 11日出生在浙江杭州。固定短语be born”出生”，故填born。37.句意：1934年从上海交通大学毕业后，他有机会去美国学习。根据“After he graduated,“可知是去美国学习，get a chance to do sth”得到.机会“，故填 to study38.句意：毕业后，他成为了一名教师和一名研究火箭和

36、导弹理论的研究员。此处结合备选词汇可知是指教师，teacher”教师”，a+名词单数，故填teacher。39.句意：当他4 4 岁的时候，他回到了他的祖国，而这个国家的太空研究几乎是一片空白。return to 回至符合语境，句子是一般过去时态，动词要用过去式，故填returned。40.句意：1956年，他建立了中国第一个火箭和导弹研究所。根据“research institute（研究所）of rockets”结合备选词汇可知是指第一个，the+序数词，故填first。41.句意:他对导弹和太空计划做出了如此重要的贡献，以至于被尊称为“中国导弹之父 。固定短语such.that“如此以至

37、于，引导结果状语从句，故填that。4 2.句意：中国人民为他感到骄傲。固定短语be proud。俨为感到自豪，故填proud。43.句意：但是所有的中国人将永远记住他。根据“but all the.will remember him fbrever”结合备选词汇可知此处是指中国人，Chinese“中国人 符合语境，故填Chinese。44.句意：我姓钱，但我不喜欢钱。family name“姓”，表示钱学森的姓，故填family。45.句意:他的精神真的鼓励我们热爱我们的国家，献身于科学。根据His spirit.encourages us to love our countryand de

38、vote ourselves to science.”结合备选词汇可知此处是指他的精神真的鼓励我们热爱我们的国家，real的副词really符合语境，修饰动词encourage,故填reallyo（七）（2022辽宁朝阳中考真题）阅读短文，用所给词的适当形式填空，每空一词，每词限用一次，使短文完整、正确。方框中有两词是多余选项。day memory return but go hour interestMany Chinese people these days leave their hometowns to work in the cities.They usually 46 tothei

39、r hometowns one or two times a year.Zhong Wei hasnt been back in close to three years.He has worked in afactory in Wenzhou for 13 years.Although it is only about ten 47 bus ride,he is just too busy to goback.People like him are 48 in how their hometowns are changing.New buildings are often built by

40、thegovernment.Zhong Wei thinks these changes are good because things need to change in order to become better.49 he also thinks some things will never change,and his hometown is still the place that holds all his softand sweet 50.【答案】46.return47.hours48.interested49.But50.memories【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章

41、介绍了在中国，有一些背井离乡外出打工的人，其中以钟伟作为典型例子，像他这样的人对家乡的变化是很感兴趣的。46.句意：他们通常每年回乡一或两次。根据上一句leave their hometowns”可知此处指他们回到家乡。根据usually可知该句应用一般现在时。主语They为第三人称复数，谓语用动词原形。备选词汇return“返回”符合题意。故填return。47.句意:虽然只是十小时的公交车车程，但是他太忙了，无法回去。ten后接复数名词，bus ride此处指“公车交车程”，其前应用表示时段的名词所有格来表示，意为“（时长）的 备 选 词 汇 hour“小时”符合题意，此处应用其复数形式的

42、名词所有格，即 h o u rs故填hours48.句意：像他这样的人，对他们家乡的变化很感兴趣。结合此段内容可知这一段主要讲述这些人的家乡变化，以及人们对此的感受，说明他们对家乡的变化很感兴趣。备选词汇interest”兴趣”符合题意。根据“are”和“in”可知此处构成形容词短语be interested in表示“对.感 兴 趣 故 填 interestedo49.句意：但是他也认为有些东西永远也不会改变，他的家乡仍然是那个让他怀揣柔软又甜蜜的回忆的地方。根据Zhong Wei thinks these changes arc good”可知钟伟认为这些变化是好的，再根据“he also

43、 thinks somethings will never change”可知他也认为有些东西永远也不会改变，两句存在转折关系，应用连词but来连接。备选词汇but“但是”符合题意，位于句首，首字母大写。故填But。50.句意：但是他也认为有些东西永远也不会改变，他的家乡仍然是那个让他怀揣柔软又甜蜜的回忆的地方。根据his so仕and sweet”可知其后应接名词。结合语境可知备选词汇memory“回忆”符合题意。memory为可数名词，此处应用其复数形式memories。故填memories。（A）（2022 山东莉泽 中考真题）阅读下面短文，用方框内所给词汇的适当形式填空，使短文语义完整

44、。invent,warm,be,teach,both,encourage,and,into,silk,thatIn ancient times,people covered themselves with animal skins or leaves until thearrival of the Goddess of Silkworm（蚕神）.She was a pretty and kind-hearted girl.Unluckily,at that time 51 her parents were ill,and she had to goout herself to pick wil

45、d fruit for them.But soon there 52 no more fruit to pick,around her home.She was soworried 53 she began to cry under a mulberry（桑助 tree.Finally,the Emperor in Heaven was moved by herstory and sent a god to turn 54 a silkworm on the mulberry tree.The silkworm dropped some sweet mulberries into the gi

46、rfs mouth.When she realized that the mulberry couldbe eaten,she was very happy 55 picked some for her parents every day.That summer,the silkworm began to give silk and build a cocoon（茧）.The girl took the 56 out of thecocoon and then made into clothes.The clothes felt cool in the summer and stayed 57

47、 in the winter.So shepicked some silkworms from the mulberry tree and raised them.Later,she began to 58 local people toweave（纺织）and wear beautiful and comfortable silk clothes.The King was happy about her 59 and decided to give her a new name Leizu.Later,Leizu married theYellow Emperor and helped hi

48、m unite China.She also 60 the emperor to spread sericulture（养蚕业）across the country.Since then,Leizu has been respected by Chinese people as the Goddess of Silkworm.【答案】51.both52.was53.that54.into55.and56.silk57.warm58.teach59.invention60.encouraged【解析】【导语】本文讲述了被中国人尊为蚕神的嫖祖的故事。51.句意：不幸的是，那时她的父母都生病了，她不

49、得不自己出去给他们摘野果。本句强调父母两个人，both两者都，符合语境。故填both。52.句意：但是很快她家周围就没有水果可摘J。there be表示“有”，本文讲述的发生在过去的故事，用一般过去时，主语fruit是不可数名词，所以be动词使用was。故填was。53.句意：她非常担心，于是在一棵桑甚树下哭了起来。so.that.“如此以致于”，引导结果状语从句。故填that.,54.句意：最后，天庭中的玉皇大帝被她的故事感动了，派了一个神在桑树上变成了一只蚕。根据a silkworm”可知，此处使用turn into 转变成，符合语境。故填into。55.句意：当她意识到桑甚可以吃的时候，

50、非常高兴，每天都摘一些给她的父母。picked与前面的was并列做谓语，用 and连接。故填and。5 6.句意：女孩从茧中取出丝，然后做成衣服。空处填名词做took的宾语，结合所给词汇，发示从茧里拿出来的就是蚕丝了。silk“蚕丝”，符合语境。故填silk。57.句意：这些衣服夏天感觉凉爽，冬天感觉温暖。根据cool in the summer”可知，此处使用warm“暖和的”，表示“冬天很暖和。故填warm。58.句意：后来，她开始教当地人编织和穿漂亮舒适的丝绸衣服。begin to do 开始做某事”，因此空格处应填动词原形，由空格后“local people to weave.”可知此