2023新课标版英语高考第二轮复习--专题七　语法填空-高考真题.pdf

《2023新课标版英语高考第二轮复习--专题七　语法填空-高考真题.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2023新课标版英语高考第二轮复习--专题七　语法填空-高考真题.pdf（24页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、2023新课标版英语高考第二轮复习第二部分语法知识应用专题七语法填空Passage 1(2021 北京)AWhy do we dream?Scientists arenDt completely sure,and they have diverse 1 (idea).Dreams mightbe a side effect of memory making.When you sleep,your brain sorts through everything 2 happenedduring the day,trying to link new experiences to old memori

2、es.As it 3(connect)things,your brain turnsthem into a story,and you get a dream.BSam is an in-real-life streamer(播主),and he live streams himself just going about his day.While ridinghis bike home 4 a cold night,he came across a sad-looking elderly woman wandering the streets byherself.The poor woman

3、 wasnDt able to give him any information about 5 she lived.Sam walked herto a nearby convenience store so that she could 6(safe)wait for the police to take her home.CThere 7(be)a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years,8(cause)largely by rising global temperature

4、s,according to a new report from the United Nations.From 2000to 2019,there were 7,348 major natural disasters around the world,9(result)in USD2,970 billion ineconomic loss.Much of this increase can be due to climate change.The findings show a critical need 1()(invest)in disaster prevention.答案语篇解读本文为

5、说明文，主题语境是人与自我,主题语境内容是做梦。文章主要阐述了人做梦的缘由。1.id e a s解题指导考查名词复数形式。关注句意所透出的名词的数的形式。解析 句意:科学家不是完全确定，并且他们有不同的观点。由diverse可知,此处应该用所给词的复数形式，即 ideas o2.th a t解题指导考查定语从句。关注句意及句式结构。第1页 共2 4页解 析 句 意:当 你 睡 觉 时，你的大脑整理了白天所发生的一切，尽量把新的经历和旧的记忆联系起来。分析该处句式结构并结合句意可知,此处引导定语从句;再分析定语从句成分可知，定语从句缺少主语，再由前面的先行词everything为不定代词可知，此

6、处只能填that。知识拓展 在定语从句中，如果先行词是指物的不定代词，如everything、something、anything、nothing、all、little、a little等，且定语从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语的时候,定语从句的关系代词只能用that,不能用 which o3.connects解题指导考查动词的时态和语态。关注句式结构、整个语篇的时态及句子描述的情境。解析句意:当你的大脑连接事物时,它就会把它们变成一个故事，然后你就得到一个梦了。结合整个语篇的时态基调是一般现在时态，再分析此处是个状语从句，主句的时态用的是一般现在时,故从句的时态也应该用一般现在时，由主语为it且c

7、onnect与主语为主动关系可知，此处应填connects难句分析原句:When you sleep,your brain sorts through everything that happened during the day,trying to link newexperiences to old memories.分析:本句中 when 引导的是时间状语从句,主句是your brain sorts through everything that happened duringthe day,trying to link new experiences to old memories”,

8、在主句里面有一个 由that引导的定语从句，修饰前面的先行词everythingo译文:当你睡觉时,你的大脑整理了白天所发生的一切，尽量把新的经历和旧的记忆联系起来。B语篇解读本文为记叙文，主题语境是人与社会,主题语境内容是人际关系、社会交往。文章主要叙述了萨姆帮助一个老妇人回家的事情。4.o n解 题 指 导 考 查 介 词。关注句意及句子描述的情境。解 析 句 意:当 他 在 一个寒冷的夜晚骑车回家时，他遇到一个独自一人在街道游荡、愁容满面的老妇人。这里指在“一个寒冷的夜晚”，故前面应该用on。5.w here解 题 指 导 考 查 宾 语 从 句。关注句意及句式结构。解析句意:老妇人无法

9、向萨姆提供任何有关她住处的信息。分析该处句式结构并结合句意可知，此处引导宾语从句;再分析宾语从句成分并结合宾语从句意思可知，宾语从句缺少地点状语，故此处应填where o6.safely 解 题 指 导 考 查 副 词。关注句意及所给词后面的动词。第2页 共2 4页解析句意:萨姆陪同她走到附近的一个便利店以便她能安全地等候警察来带她回家。由句意及所给词后面的动词可知，此处应该用所给词的副词形式，即safelyo知识拓展 walk sb.to someplace意为“陪伴/护送某人走到某处“，为固定用法,这里的walk为及物动词，意为“陪伴走，护送走”。难句分析原句:Sam walked her

10、 to a nearby convenience store so that she could safely wait for the police to take herhome.分析:这是一个主从复合句。主句部分是:Sam walked her to a nearby convenience store,后面是由“so that”引导的目的状语从句。译文:萨姆陪伴她走到附近的一个便利店以便她能安全地等候警察来带她回家。C语篇解读本文为说明文，主题语境是人与自然，主题语境内容是气候变化与自然灾害。文章主要阐述了近二十年全球气候变化导致了大量的自然灾害的发生。7.has been 解 题 指

11、 导 考 查 动 词 的 时 态。关注句中的关键性时间状语。解析句意:根据联合国的一份新报告:在过去的二十年，出现了极端天气事件数量的急剧增多,这很大程度上是由全球气温不断上升所导致的。由句中的关键性时间状语over the past 20 years”可知,此处应该用现在完成时态。8.caused 解题指导 考查动词的非谓语形式。关注句意、句子结构及句中关键词。解析分析整个句子可知,尽管句子很长，但它只是个简单句，故该处不能填谓语动词，只能填动词的非谓语形式;由空后的关键词by并结合句意可知，此处应填过去分词caused,表示被动。9.resulting 解题指导考查动词的非谓语形式。关注句

12、意和句子结构。解析 句意:从2000年 到2019年，全球共有7,348次严重的自然灾害，导 致29,700亿美元的经济损失。分析整个句子可知，句子前面是“there be”句型,后面用现在分词表示结果。lO.to invest 解题指导考查动词的非谓语形式。关注句意和句子结构。解析 分析句子可知，这里的need为名词，意为“需要、需求”，后面应该用动词不定式形式作后置定语，修 饰needo难句分析原句:There has been a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years,ca

13、usedlargely by rising global temperatures,according to a new report from the United Nations.第3页 共24页分析:这是一个简单句。句子前面是“there be”句型,后面的过去分词短语“caused largely by rising globaltemperatures”作后置定语修饰前面的“rise”。译文:根据联合国的一份新报告:在过去的二十年，出现了极端天气事件数量的急剧增多，这很大程度上是由全球气温不断上升所导致的。Passage 2(2020 浙江)Some time after 10,00

14、0 BC,people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived 1through agriculture.Over thousands of years,they began to depend less on2 could be hunted or gathered from the wild,and more on animals they had raised and crops they hadsown.Farming produced more food per person 3 hunting and

15、gathering,so people were able to raisemore children.And,as more children were born,more food 4(need).Agriculture gave people their firstexperience of the power of technology 5(change)lives.By about 6000 BC,people 6(discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise.Later,theylearned to work with t

16、he 7(season),planting at the right time and,in dry areas,8(make)use ofannual floods to irrigate(灌*既)their fields.This style of farming lasted for quite a long time.Then,with 9 rise of science,changes began.New methods 10(mean)that fewer people worked in farming.In the last century or so,these change

17、shave accelerated.New power machinery and artificial fertilizers(化力巴)have now totally transformed a way oflife that started in the Stone Age.答案 语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。主题语境是人与社会。文章介绍了从人类逐渐减少依靠狩猎生活，逐步发展起农业，到使用新型机械和人工肥料的现代农业的过程。l.i n考查介词。根据文章中句子的结构可知,they lived 为限制性定语从句，先行词为world。将先行词代入定语从句后，应 为they lived in th

18、e world,故 填in。2.w h a t考查宾语从句。根据句子结构可知设空处引导介词后的宾语从句，且设空处在从句中作主语，表示“什么，故 填whato3.th a n考查介词。题干中的“more”有比较含义，故 填than。4.was needed考查时态和语态。主语与谓语之间是被动关系，并且讲述的是过去的事情，故 填was neededo5.to change考查不定式。此处不定式作定语，修 饰power,根 据the power to do sth.可知此处填不定式。第4页 共2 4页6.had discovered 考查时态。根 据By about 6000 BC可知应用过去完成时

19、。7.seasons考查名词复数。根据常识，一年有四季，可知此处应填名词复数。8.m aking考查分词。句中已经有了谓语动词learned,make和句子的主语they是主动关系，故填making。9.th e考查冠词。设空处特指科学的发展，故 填the。lO.meant考查时态。设空处讲述的是过去的事情，故 填meant。Passage 3(2020 北京)AOliver is a host of a TV programme on food.He says food 1.(play)a big role in his life.6tMymum was a great cook,and s

20、hed sometimes let me have a try,“he said.The first dish Oliver prepared for hisfamily was fried chicken wings.He made it with his mums help.Oliver says if youre 2.(luck)enoughto have someone close to you who enjoys cooking,ask them 3.you can join in when its possible.BSingle-use plastic bags are use

21、d at most a few times before they 4.(throw)away.It takes themhundreds of years 5.(break)down.Many of these bags end up in the ocean where larger ones can trapsea creatures,such as turtles and dolphins.Over time,the bags fall apart 6.countless tiny pieces,andfish can accidentally eat some of them.Now

22、,lots of 7.(country)and regions are taking action to banthe sale of such bags to stop people using them.CA piece of stone 8.(find)on a Dutch beach suggests that our extinct human relatives,known asNeanderthals,were cleverer than previously thought.The Neanderthals 9.(live)alongside humanancestors in

23、 Europe for tens of thousands of years,before dying out about 40,000 years ago.They were muchstronger than modern humans,but its long been assumed that human ancestors were 10.(smart)thanthe Neanderthals.However,the stone tool made by Neanderthals suggests otherwise.答案A 语篇解读 本文为记叙文。主题语境为人与自我。本文讲述了美食

24、电视节目的主持人奥利弗对美食的态度。本文旨在使读者更加热爱生活。1 .plays/has played/is playing/has been playing本题考查时态。根据主句谓语动词says(一般现在时)及本句语境可知设空处需用现在的某种时态，可用一般现在时、现在完成时、现在进行时或现在完成进行时。第5页 共2 4页2.lu c k y本题考查形容词。设空处作表语，表示“幸运的”，故填形容词lucky。3.if/w hether本题考查宾语从句。设空处引导宾语从句，意为“是否,故填if或whether。B 语篇解读 本文为说明文。主题语境为人与自然。本文主要介绍了一次性塑料袋对生态环境的

25、危害。本文旨在提高读者的环保意识。4.are th ro w n句意:一次性塑料袋至多使用几次就被扔掉。本题考查时态和语态。设空处所在句子说的是现在的情况，需用一般现在时;从句主语they与throw为被动关系,需用被动语态，故填are thrown5.to b r e a k句意:它们需要几百年才能分解。本题考查非谓语动词。“It takes+sb./sth.+一段时间+to do”为固定句型，故填不定式to breako6.in to/to句意:随着时间的推移，那些袋子会分解成无数的小碎片，鱼会不小心吃掉其中的一些。设空处前为动词短语，设空处后为名词复数，由此可判断设空处需用介词;设空处与

26、fall apart连用，表示“分解成”,故填into或tOo7.countries句意:现在，许多国家和地区正在采取行动禁止销售这样的袋子，以阻止人们使用它们。设空处与后面的regions并列作主语,由此可判断设空处需用名词形式;根据设空处前的lots o f可知设空处需用名词复数形式，故填countriesoC 语篇解读 本文为说明文。主题语境为人与社会。在荷兰海滩上发现的一块石头表明，已经灭绝的人类的近亲尼安德特人比我们之前认为的更聪明。8.fo u n d句意:在荷兰海滩上发现的一块石头表明，已经灭绝的人类的近亲尼安德特人比我们之前认为的更聪明。本题考查非谓语动词。被修饰词stone与

27、find为逻辑上的被动关系，且设空处表示的动作“已经完成”,故填过去分词foundo9.lived/had lived/had been liv in g句意:尼安德特人与人类祖先一起在欧洲生活了数万年，直到大约4万年前灭绝。设空处所在句子说的是过去的事情，故设空处需用过去的某种时态，再根据本句的时间状语“for tens of thousands of years”可知设空处可用一般过去时、过去完成时或过去完成进行时;lO.sm arter句意:他们比现代人类强壮得多，但长期以来人们一直认为人类祖先比尼安德特人聪明。根据设空处后的than可知设空处需用形容词比较级作表语，故填smarter.

28、Passage 4（2019 北京）A第6页 共2 4页On the first day of my first grade,I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach.I 1.(voice)my biggest concern to my mother,tcHow will I make friends?She handed me advice,Be yourself.For thepast 20 years,I have lived by these words.Soon I will graduate and become par

29、t of the real world.Nervously2.(face)challenges,I know I will whisper to 3.(I)the two simple words“Be yourselfBEarth Day,4.(mark)on 22 April,is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness aboutenvironmental protection.First celebrated 5.1970,the Day now includes events in more than 190countries

30、 and regions(地区).No matter what you like to do,there is a way to get involved in various 6.(activity)on Earth Day.You can plant a tree,make a meal with locally grown vegetables,or save powerthepossibilities are endless.CDoes the name of the college you attend really matter?Research on the question 7

31、.(suggest)that,for most students,it doesnt.What students do at college seems to matter much more than 8.they go.The students benefitting most from college are those 9.are totally engaged(参与)in academic life,taking full advantage of the colleges chances and resources(资源).Students should have a proper

32、 attitudetowards college before thinking about which college to attend,and its never too early to make necessarypreparations for a healthy and 10.(meaning)college experience.答案A 语篇解读 本文为记叙文，主题语境是人与自我。本文有助于提升学生自身素养,拥有正确处理问题的能力。本文记述了作者从自己一年级的经历中学到:在面对困难时,要做好自己。1 .v o ic e d 考查时态。根据上文On the first day o

33、f my first grade可知此处是指发生在过去的事情，故用一般过去时。2.fa c in g 考查现在分词。句意:当紧张地面对挑战的时候,我知道我将低声对自己说这两个简单的词“Beyourself9o 现在分词facing作状语，解释说明在什么情况下说“Be yourself3.m y se lf考查反身代词。此处指低声对自己说，句子的主语和宾语指同一个人，故设空处应该填myself。B 语篇解读 本文为说明文，主题语境是人与自然。本文旨在提升学生的环保意识。文章介绍了地球日,并且倡议我们每个人尽一份力，让我们的地球变得更好。4.m ark ed 考查过去分词。marked为过去分词，

34、在句中作定语,说明地球日被庆祝的时间。第7页 共2 4页5.in 考查介词。句意:地球日首次庆祝于1970年,现在它包括在190多个国家和地区举办的活动。具体在哪一年用介词in。6.activities考查名词。句意:无论你想做什么，在地球日这一天，都有一种参与各种活动的方式。根据句中various可知，设空处应用名词的复数形式。C 语篇解读 本文为说明文，主题语境是人与社会。文章提到大学生在大学期间怎么做，做什么很重要，积极参加大学的各种活动会让学生受益匪浅。7.suggests/suggested/has suggested考查时态。句意:对这个问题的研究表明,对大部分学生来说无所谓。根据

35、it doesnt可知是现在的情况，故suggest用一般现在时或现在完成时，但该从句所表达的是客观事实,故主句谓语动词用一般过去时也可以。8.w here考查名词性从句。句意:学生们在大学里所做的事似乎要比他们上哪所大学重要得多。设空处引导宾语从句,该从句缺少地点状语，故填where。9.who/that考查定语从句。句意:从大学中最受益的学生是那些全力地参与学术生活，同时充分利用大学机会和资源的人。设空处引导定语从句，先行词是those,指人，关系词在从句中作主语，指代学生，故此处填关系代词who或 thatolO.meaningful考查形容词。为健康且有意义的大学经历做必要的准备，越早

36、越好。college experience是名词短语,应该用形容词来修饰，且设空处所填词和healthy并列,故设空处应用meaning的形容词形式meaningful高级词块 l.with butterflies in ones stomach 心慌，紧张 2.raise public awareness about 提高公众对.的认识长难句 The students benefitting most from college are those who are totally engaged in academic life,taking full advantage of the col

37、leges chances and resources.从大学中最受益的学生是那些全力地参与学术生活，同时充分利用大学机会和资源的人。这是一个主从复合句。主句是 The students benefitting most from college are those those 是先行词,who are totally engaged in academic life 是定谙丛旬。taking full advantage of the colleges chances andresources为现在分词短语作状语,补充说明学生所做的活动。Passage 5（2017 课标全国 I）There

38、 has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt.Thistrend,which was started by the medical community（医学界）1 a method of fighting heart disease,has had第8页 共2 4页some unintended side 2(effect)such as overweight and heart diseasethe very thing the medicalcommu

39、nity was trying to fight.Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet.They are required 3(process)the food that we eat,torecover from injury and for several other bodily functions.When fat and salt 4(remove)from food,thefood tastes as if it is missing something.As 5 result,people will eat more fo

40、od to try to make up for thatsomething missing.Even 6(bad),the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.Fast food 7(be)fullof fat and salt;by 8(eat)more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(

41、吃点心)between meals and willimprove the taste of your food.However,be 9(care)not to go to extremes.Like anything,it is possible tohave too much of both,10 is not good for the health.答案 语篇解读 本文为说明文。主题语境为人与自我。本文介绍了低脂低盐食品对健康可能会造成的负面影响，并对影响的成因进行了分析。l.a s 考查介词。此处缺少表达“作为”意义的介词，故填as。2.effects考查名词复数。side effe

42、ct为可数名词，根据前面的some可知，应用复数形式。3.to process考查不定式。根据require sth.to do sth.以及其被动形式sth.be required to do sth.可知此处填动词不定式。4.are rem oved考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。结合语境可知，状语从句中用一般现在时态,fat andsalt作主语，谓语动词用复数形式,主语与remove之间为被动关系，故填are removed5.a考查冠词。as a result结果烟此。6.w orse考查副词。even worse更糟的是，此句与上句提到的情况相比较，故用比较级。7.i s 考查时态

43、和主谓一致。根据语境可知，此处用一般现在时态，主语fast food为不可数名词，故系动词用 用8.eating考查动名词。by在此处为介词，表示方式，故后面接动名词形式作by的宾语。9.careful考查形容词。设空处在系动词be之后作表语,故填形容词。10.w h ich 考查定语从句。设空处指代前面的主句，引导非限制性定语从句，故填which。Passage 6(2017 课标全国 II)In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London.It ran for just underse

44、ven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible 1 (crowd)on the roads above as they travelled to第9页 共2 4页and 2 work.It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method.This includeddigging up the road,3(lav)the track and then building a strong roof over 4 top.When all those

45、 hadbeen done,the road surface was replaced.Steam engines 5(use)to pull the carriages and it must have been 6(fair)unpleasant for thepassengers,with all the smoke and noise.However,the railway quickly proved to be a great success andwithin six months,more than 25,000 people were using 7 every day.La

46、ter,engineers 8(manage)to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels(隧道),which becameknown as the Tube.This development was only possible with the 9(introduce)of electric-poweredengines and lifts.The Central London Railway was one of the most 10(success)of these new lines,andwas opened in 1900.I

47、t had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages,and proved extremely popular withthe public.答案 语篇解读 本文为说明文。主题语境为人与社会。文章介绍了世界上第一条地铁伦敦地铁的起源以及它逐步成为大众所喜爱的交通方式的发展历程。1 .crow ds考查名词。avoid“避免”后可跟名词或动名词作宾语。因为此空前有形容词terrible修饰，故排除动名词形式;crowd作“人群”讲时，为可数名词，且前面无冠词限制，故需用复数形式。2.from 考查介词。由语境可知此处指“上下班(to and f

48、kom work)”,为固定表达。3.laying考查动名词作宾语。由上文中的included digging和下文的and then building可知，此处用动名词作included的宾语。4.th e 考查冠词。此处是说地铁开挖、铺轨完成后,要进行最后的筑顶。此处表示特指，因此应用定冠词the。5.were u s e d 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。主语Steam engines和 use之间为被动关系，且由上文可知叙述的是过去发生的事，故需用一般过去时的被动语态;又因主语是名词的复数形式，故be动词需用were。6.fairly 考查副词。修饰形容词unpleasant需用副词

49、形式，故填fairly。7.i t 考查代词。此处指代上文中提到的the railway,需用代词it。8.managed考查动词的时态。此处叙述的是过去的事情，需用一般过去时，故答案为动词的过去式。9.introduction考查名词。由空前的定冠词可知，此处需用名词形式。lO.successful考查形容词。此处为“one of the+形容词最高级”结构。第1 0页 共2 4页Passage 7(2017 课标全国UI)She looks like any other schoolgirl,fresh-faced and full of life.Sarah Thomas is look

50、ing forward to thechallenge of her new A-level course.But unlike her school friends,16-year-old Sarah is not spendinghalf-term 1 (rest).Instead,she is earning 6,500 a day as 2 model in New York.Sarah 3(tell)that she could be Britains new supermodel,earning a million dollars in the next year.Her fath