托福写作同义词替换词(全)（实用应用文）.pdf

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1、托福写作同义词替换词（全）2文档信息文档作为关于“外语学习 中 托福 的参考范文，为解决如何写好实用应用文、正确编写文案格式、内容素材摘取等相关工作提供支持。正文19026字，doc格 式，可编辑。质优实 惠，欢迎下载！目录目录.1正文.51 things that one tries hard.54 sadness sorrow/grief.68 car Automobile.711 human beings（备考生使.734 range spectrum.935 see recognition.937 wise 相关seible（adj.938 gap Disparity.942 bad

2、behavior.1043 organizatio that help.1044 difference Distinction.1046 peon Individual.1047 peonality disposition.1052 cultural globalization（有.1154 a thing that is new and.1156 things that people are not.1158 friends Companio.1159 relaxation recreation.1164 criminal Convict.1265 prisoner Inmate.1267

3、people who walk on the.1269 a peon who benefits.1270 a disease that spreads.1271 a very unpleasant way of.1273 emotion sentiment.1374 enemy opponent/foe.1377 hobby pastime/diveion.1379 failure.1381 duty obligation(用于匕瞰重要的责任).1383 pressure from your.1485 problems or diseases that.1486 a life without

4、regular.1487 result.1490 harm(n.)advee effect.1494 bad luck Misfortune.1596 crime offee/criminal act.15102 the only one an exception.15104 worrying disturbing.16108 strong powerful/mighty.16109 weak vulnerable.16112 be good(for).16116 many numerous(注意要跟可数名词).17117 complicated Intricate.17125 suitabl

5、e Fitting.17126 most suitable Optimal.17128 alone Solitary.17129 be easily influenced by.17133 interesting stimulating.18135 useless Redundant.18136 smart Intelligent.18137 famous Renowned.18139 happy Delighted.18140 enjoyable Delightful.18141 can be used be available.18143(laws/rules/people).19145

6、good for the.19148 fair justified.19152 have many different.19154 very successful/.20155 proper Appropriate.20158 ugly Uightly.20162 highly-respected Esteemed.20174 disappointing Frustrating.21175 wrong Erroneous.21176 long and a bit.21178 being spread in.22180 fat.22184 too much Excessive.22187 str

7、ict.23190 make sth.strong.23194 control.(a negative.23195 stop Cease.23198 die out go extinct.24202 narrow/bridge the gap.24204 keep complaining.24208 carry out Implement.25212 commit a crime again.25214 派生punishment Penalty.25217 develop(这 里 作 培.25220 build Cotruct.26224 start initiate多用于政府类话题.2622

8、6 praise.27228 prove/confirm Verify.27230 use utilize/exploit.27231 use.again Recycle.27239 be unhappy about.28249 undetand.to.29250 choose sth./choose to.29252 appear in large.29260 prevent the.30261 find out identify.30266 limit restrict/cotrain.30270 decide Determine.31274 waste use.lavishly.3127

9、5 attack assail（语气更强烈）.31278 help Assist.32279 help（n.）Assistance.32280 set up Establish.32283 change Alter.32285 solve address/combat.32287 take down.32293 depend on rely on（意思是:依靠.33294 deal with cope with.33297 report the details of.33298 prevent sb.from.33303 die out go extinct.34304 continue to

10、 exist Peist.34312 make ones dream.35313 have the right to do.35317 take.away from sb.of.35321 spend too much time.35325 catch capture.36337 completely entirely.37338 do sth.without careful.37344 before.prior to.38346 Although.,the real.38351 It is common for sb0.39353 have no choice but.39355 and s

11、o on etc.（前面可加逗号）.39359 much higher.39363 on the whole overall.40365 before（时间）prior to.40369 besides apart from.40373 be similar to.41375 It is impossible that.41378 sth.does not always.41379 A high percentage.42382 talking about.42正文托福写作同义词替换词（全）2同义词替换词国内考生常用的表达更得分的表达方式名词1 things that one tries ha

12、rdto do ones undertakings/ones commitments2 The fact is that.The reality is that.3 joy happiness/d elight/enjoyment4 sadness sorrow/grief5 danger hazard/peril（后面这个词语气很强，危险程度非同一般）派生dangerous;hazardous6 education schooling（指学校教育,家庭教育则用upbringing/parenting）区分 家庭教育的两个词upbringing是从孩子的角度说的，比如childrens upb

13、ringing;而parenting是从家长的角度来说，比如seible parenting,7 advertisement/advertising如果你写过关于广告的题目,就一定体会过不停轮换使用advertisement/advertising有多郁闷。其实主体段论证中完全可以把广告类细 化，比如commercials（电视或者互联网上的广告），flye（传单广告，北京最常见的形式就是135*,办 证 ），billboards（大幅的广告 牌）或者 non-profit advertisements=public-interest advertisements（公益广告）8 car A u

14、tomobi/e9 economic crisis economic meltdown（彳艮接近）ecession（这般仅仅还是衰退）he Great Depression（这个则是特指1929年开始的那次 了）10 famous people celebrities（单数为 celebrity）11 human beings（备考生使用过多）humanity（注意这个词的单数指人类，复数指人文学科）he human race12 wealth fortunes）（fortune作财富的意思时可以加复数）13 相关rich wealthy/affluent（adj.14 skill techn

15、ique（注意这个词的正确解释是技能或者方法，而不是technology科技）15 派生skilled adept/adroit（adj.16method methodology（国外学术写作中超级常用的词，基本就是method的故作高深版）17field sphere/domai arena 18undetanding o fgrasp of/command of 19choice Option 20cooperation collaboration 21basic structure in a city or a country Infrastructure 22tiredness for

16、 a long time Fatigue 23is a must of is a prerequisite for（是.的必备先决条件）24the Internet the information highway（一篇考生作文里 Internet 被使用十几次是常事儿）25honesty integrity 26strong belief faith（in）27aim Intention 28worries anxieties（是 的，这两个词的确都可以加复数）29 influenceimpact/repercussio implication30 influence on each othe

17、r mutual influence（类似的表达还有mutualrespect,mutual trust 和 mutual undetanding/interaction between A and B/interplay betweenA and B31 many different kinds of.a variety of./a wide array of./aw ide range of.32 wrong ideas held by many people Misconceptio33 fame prestige/sterling reputation34 range uspectru

18、m35 see u recognition36 part component（这个词不仅指零件，在学术写作中也经常指 部分”37 wise 相关seible（adj.38 gap Disparity39 a system for a particular purpose a mechanism for,40 a solution to sth.a remedy for sth.（生活中经常指一种病的治疗方法，但学术写作中经常用来指某种问题的解决方法，注意搭配的介词不同）41 bad students unruly students/disruptive students42 bad behav

19、iorunethical behavio immoral behavior43 organizatio that helppoor people charities/charitable organizatio44 difference Distinction45 派生be different from be distinct from（adj.46 peon Individual47 peonality u disposition48 businesses enterprises（这里指企业）49 prices that are too high exorbitant prices50 th

20、e rate of.the incidence of.（后面一般跟坏事儿，比如unemployment/crime/a disease）51 intee enthusiasm zeal/passion52 cultural globalization（有过多人使用这个词）global cultural homogenization53 a thing that is necessary a necessity54 a thing that is new andinteresting a novelty55 a thing that is rare a rarity56 things that

21、people are notsure about Uncertainties57 a world language a univeal language58 friends Companio59 relaxation recreation60 self-respect self-esteem and dignity61 respect sb./sth.hold sb./sth.in high regard62 反义 look down on.treat.with contempt=despise（v.63 self-control self-discipline64 criminal Conv

22、ict65 prisoner Inmate66 drinks=alcoholic beverages67 people who walk on thestreet Pedestria68 old generatio in history Ancesto69 a peon who benefitsfrom sth.a beneficiary of stho70 a disease that spreadsquicklyan epidemic（注意这个词虽然是-ic结 尾，却不是形容词）71 a very unpleasant way oflife Misery adj-miserable72 a

23、 task that requires lots ofeffort an arduous task73 emotion sentiment74 enemy opponent/foe75 narrow minds iular minds（狭隘的头脑或者观念）76 a way to do sth.an approach to doing sth./an avenuetowards stho77 hobby pastime/diveion78 progress progression（经常指抽象的进步，比如写关于 society/caree technology 的话题）79 failuresetb

24、ack（注意作名词的时候中间不要加空格）80 importance significance（当你用了一次 importance 之 后，第二次不妨用这个）81 duty obligation（用于比较重要的责任）82 difficulty hindrance/impediment/hurdles83 pressure from yourclassmates peer pressure84 citize who can work labor force/workforce（都是总体概念，而且注意后面这个词的标准写法中间没有空格）85 problems or diseases thatexist

25、 for a long time peistent problems/chronic diseases86 a life without regularexercise a sedentary lifestyle87 resultcoequence（表示消极的结果更多一些）88 thoughts coideratio89 the lack of knowledge ignorance（注意在地道英文里,这个词经常并 不 表 示 忽 视，而 是 表 示“无知90 harm（n.）advee effect91 harm（vt.）damage destroy/ruin（这两个词比 damage程度程

26、 重)spoil(后 面 品 艮 the cityscape/scenery/environment)undermine(后面跟抽象概念，比如 stability/social orde harmony)jeopardize(后面跟抽象概念,比如 ones future/ones career)tarnish(后面E艮 ones reputatio image)sap/dampen(后 面 乜 艮 onesenthusiasm/interest/confidence)92 派生harmful detrimenta I(adj.93 派生be harmful to pose a threat t

27、o94 bad luck Misfortune95 trouble adveity/dilemma/predicament/hardship96 crime offee/criminal act97 youth crime juvenile delinquency98 criminal offende culprit/perpetrator99 serious crime heinous crime/felony100 a minor crime a misdemeanor101 shortage(of)scarcity(of)/dearth(of)102 the only one an ex

28、ception103 places where animals live Habitat形容词104 worrying disturbing105 very popular prevalent/ubiquitous106 TRUE genuine(truly a genuinely)107 deep profound(深刻的，后面经常跟 wisdom/truths/undetanding/impact/thoughts)108 strong powerful/mighty109 weak q vulnerable110 hard-working industrious(注意不是 industr

29、ial,而 diligent 那个词在美语中是个挺大的词)111 very disappointing Lamentable 可悲的/pathetic112 be good(for)be beneficial(to)=be in the best interests(of)113 be not asgood as be inferior to114 be better than be superior to115 uninteresting mundane（注意这个词其实再美国很多时候并不是世俗的意思/humdrum116 many numerous（注意要跟可数名词）117 complica

30、ted Intricate118 strange odd/bizarre/e ccentric（单 weird 有点过于口语化了）119 cannot be turned back be irreveible 120 produce usefulresults Productive 121 practical realistic122 mature sophisticated（这个词指人的时候意思是思维成熟老练的）123 selfish self-centered/materialistic/ego-centric 124 proud（贬 义）Conceited125 suitable Fit

31、ting126 most suitable Optimal127 lonely isolated/alienated128 alone Solitary129 be easily influenced bysthobe susceptible to sth.（一般是坏事情，比如 adisease/attacks）130 is better than is superior to 131 not as good as.is inferior to132 be the same be identical/be homogenous/be uniform（后面两个词比较正式，一般是说cultural

32、 globalization的时候常用，现在理解为什么小幅的名词叫school uniforms 了 吧，就是让大家都看起来一样的衣 服）133 interesting stimulating134 boring 仪 monotonous/repetitive135 useless Redundant136 smart Intelligent137 famous Renowned138 positive desirable/encouraging139 happy Delighted140 enjoyable Delightful141 can be used be available142

33、hard to undetand bewildering/baffling/confusing143（laws/rules/people）not strict Lenient144 healthy wholesome（注意说人的健康还是要用healthy，但是如果说事物有益健康，就可以用wholesome）145 good for theenvrionmenteco-friendly（比如 Biking is far more eco-friendlythan driving their SUVs.146 nervous/anxious*appreheive147 doubt sth.be s

34、keptical about stho148 fair ujustified149 unfair unwarranted/unjustifiable150 huge enormous/massive/vast/colossal 151 small tiny/miniscule（后面一般跟抽象名词）152 have many differentabilities be veatile/be well-rounded153 be familiar with be well-acquainted with154 very successful/admirable Distinguished155 p

35、roper Appropriate156 typical quintessential(这个语气非常强)157 exact precise/accurate158 ugly Uightly159 poor-quality substandard(housing/accommodatio work/goods/machines)160 the present.the current./the existing.(比如 the current financial crisis/the existing environmentalproblems)161 outdated antiquated/o

36、bsolete162 highly-respected Esteemed163 complete(adj.)/whole Entire164 spend a lot of money lead an extravagant/a lavish life165 open enlightened/progressive(开明的,逐步的，经常用来形容govern-ment或者society）166 sth.must be carried out sth.is compulsory/sth.is mandatory167 with long history time-honored（后面经常跟抽象名词，

37、比如traditio practice/methods/heritage）168 continuing forever Perpetual169 important significant essential vital（这三个词的重要性依次递增）170 very attractive very appealing/fascinating/c aptivating 171very careful Cautious172 be very interested in be absorbed i be engrossed in173 be qualified for be eligible for1

38、74 disappointing Frustrating175 wrong Erroneous176 long and a bitannoying Lengthy177 very difficult daunting/formidable178 being spread inuncontrolled wayrampant（后面经常跟负面现象，比如crime,pollution 或者 discrimination）179 cruel inhumane/merciless180 fatoverweight/obese（后面这个已经胖出病了）181 having wrongopinio skewed

39、/biased（这两个词一般在IELTS媒体类话题使用，表示有偏见的182 including many things compreheive（综合的,全面的）183 enough adequate/sufficient/ample/abundant（注意这四个词的语气是逐渐递增的）184 too much Excessive185 very little minimal（注意不是 minimum）186 cause bad effects counterproductive（其实地道英文写作里这个词不见得和生产有关，只要阻止人们达到目的，都可以写它counterproductive）187

40、strictstringent（后面一般跟 laws,measures 或者 rules）188 urgentpressing（problems）189 quiet tranquil and serene（美语中这两个词经常可以连在一起用）动词190 make sth.strongstrengthe fortify/reinforce/coolidate sth.191 make sth.weakweake erode（侵 蚀）192 make sth.better enhance/better（很少看到国内考生用 better当动词，其实在学术写作中better sth.是挺常见的表达）19

41、3 make sth.woe aggravate/exacerbate stho194 control.（a negativetrend）curb.（crime/pollutio economic recessio）195 stop Cease196 manage sth.仪 regulate sth./oveee stho197叩pear emerge/arise（后者的主语一般是抽象概念，比如debate）198 die out go extinct199 fail to see neglect/overlook200 set.free release（prisone stress）201

42、 begin commence/initiate（后者跟抽象概念更多,比如 initiatethe conflict）202 narrow/bridge the gapbetween A and B（注意这里 bridge 作动词）反义widen the gap between A and B203 be forced to do sth.be compelled to do stho204 keep complainingabout sth.grumble about sth0205 try hard to do sth.puue sth.（ones goal/ones careebusin

43、essinterests/maximum profit/hegemony）206 do sth.perform/conduct（注意这里的 perform 不是 表 演 而 是 从 事 207 do not do sth.refrain from doing stho208 carry out Implement209 turn.into.convert.to/into.210 decrease decline/dwindle（特指逐渐缓慢的减少）/dip/slip（后两个词用来指短促的下降）211 make a crime commit a crime（注意作文中不要用 make acrim

44、e这样不地道的英文）212 commit a crime againrevert to crime（这里的 crime 作不可数名词）213 punish Penalize214 派生punishment Penalty215 spread propagate/disseminate（这两个词后面经常跟informatio ideas/belief 这类名词）216 develop fast flourish/thrive217 develop（这 里 作“培养”的意思cultivate/foste nurture（这三个词后面经常跟和教育有关的名词，比如an interest in soci

45、al issues）218 相关fast-developing Burgeoning219 accept adopt（注意这个词不是adapt适 应，而是接纳，采纳的意 思）220 build Cotruct221 gather gamer,但这个词只能用在很正式的意思，而且略有贬义,比如 garner funding,garner support during the UNclimate conference at Copenhagen222 measure gauge,比 measure 稍正式点223 teach sth.impart sth./inculcate sth.（注意如果te

46、ach后面是人则不要替换）224 start initiate多用于政府类话题225 support espouse,后面跟某种重要的事业，类似的还有动词champion（作动词不是冠军的意思了）和动词sanction（它作名词则变成了 制裁226praise compliment/extol（后面这个语气很强）227 support buttress/bolster228pro ve/confirm Verify229 create generate（一般是大规模的产生，比如generateemployment opportunities/generate tax revenue/elect

47、ricity）breed（一般是产生消极的东西，比如 conflict/crime/resentment）spawn（一般是产生新事物，比如spawn inventio innovatio）230 use“utilize/exploit231 use.again Recycle232 work hard work assiduously233 get acquire（注意 acquire/gain knowledge 比learn knowledge在地道英文中更加常见）234 coider contemplate/reflect o p onder235 meet encounter,多用于

48、政府，文化或者success这样偏大一些的话题236 provide sth.afford sth.（在正式英文写作中，afford经常可以表示 提供237 need require（注意主语如果是人称则一般还需要使用need，但如果主语是事物，则可以改用require)238 like sth.very much 仪 have an affinity for sth./have a strongattachment to sth0239 be unhappy aboutcomplain about(v.)/be discontended with(adj.)240 ask forReques

49、t241 raise elevate,就是正式版的raise，但 只 是“提高 而不能表示抚养小孩的意思242 look like sth.resemble stho243 treat.poorly mistreat./abuse.244 coider sth.valuable value sth./treasure sth./cherish stho245 keep maintai preserve(这个词后面经常跟 traditio culturalheritage/wild animals/natural resources 等)246 mix.together blend/combin

50、e/synthesize 247 solve tackle/combat/address 248 notice Discern249 undetand.tomean./to be.interpret.as.(很多时候这个词并不是口译，而是把理解为250 choose sth./choose todo sth.opt for sth./opt to do stho251 achieve fulfill(ones dream/ones goal/ones potential/ones obligatio ones promise/ones task)252 appear in largenumbe