安装列管换热器的使用说明书1.doc

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1、warm Franco-Prussian peace and harmony and the new year greeting cards, and the publicity photo gallery and the 2015 law and usage, law-abiding Holler, promotional materials such as calendars, market day, Festival Community law, legal in rural activities. Meanwhile, the County 9 townships (towns) Le

2、gal Office 85 villages, 4 community two committees cadre carried out against the peoples mediation law and standardized legal documents, the rural land contracting law and the rule of law training tour of the Marriage Act and other laws and regulations. Meanwhile, the party members of the party scho

3、ol teaching resources and annually to the village (community) the favorable opportunity for the County Clerk training 23,000 rural pave the way for the law and the 1972 legal advocacy Center legal publicity and education, increase their use of legal means to manage rural services, the ability to pre

4、vent and deal with conflicts and disputes. (Assessment points 3 points, since assessment 3 points) 13. increased on farmers workers Franco-Prussian education efforts, regularly in-depth to farmers workers concentrated live to, and work places and the main activities places carried out regular of rul

5、e of law education; insisted who competent who Franco-Prussian, and who labor who Franco-Prussian of work principles, State-owned enterprises, labor units established has farmers workers continues to Franco-Prussian education system, regularly or not regularly organization carried out education trai

6、ning. Franco-Prussian Union-related functions in the County Fairgrounds, station distribution center for migrants, legal service through the establishment of enquiry points and propaganda materials, sent out vans, station electronic display rolling, installation of car popularization anime and other

7、 forms of floating on the rule of law publicity and education activities. Positive return during the legal education of migrant workers, improve migrant workers law concept and awareness of labor rights according to law. For five years, and floating population of migrant workers, the rule of law pub

8、licity and education activities reached more than 600 times, issue the labor contract law, the census law, literature, more than 10,000 copies. (Assessment points 3 points, since assessment 3 points) three, and to innovation seeking development, further deepening rule of law publicity education of w

9、ay method, solid advance 65 Franco-Prussian target task of completed (assessment points 30 points, since assessment 30 points) 1. to legal six into activities for carrier, to I County 193 support rule of law publicity literary team for relies on, take masses joy Le see of national dance, and sketch,

10、 publicity way, active advance area within rule of law publicity education activities, County minority masses, and Religious clergy and religious peoples legal awareness is increased further. (Check with 3 points, scoring 3 points) 2. promote legal six kinds of entering activities, and vigorously ex

11、pand law six kinds of entering connotation and extension activities, establish a legal six kinds of entering model typical, typical leading and exemplary role in promoting the rule of law publicity and education work in our County, the County set up legal six kinds of entering model typical of 11. (

12、Check with 3 points, self-evaluation-3) 3. carrying out who is in charge of who Franco-Prussian, who law enforcement who legal principle, enactment of the XX County implement who is in charge of who列管换热器一、 概述列管换热器是一种高效换热器。它主要由传热板、定距柱、连接管、头盖及衬垫等部件组成。两块厚约6mm的金属板卷成一对同心圆的螺旋形流道，流道始于中心，终于边缘。中心处用隔板将两边流体隔开，

13、甲、乙两流体在金属板两边的流道内逆流流动而实现了热交换。本公司目前生产全逆流式结构的列管换热器。二、 列管换热器的工作特点和应用列管换热器的性能类似于板式换热器。但也有其独特之处，其主要优点为：1、传热效率高。列管换热器内介质螺旋型流动的离心力能增强湍流。据实验，当Re=14001800时就能形成湍流，且因流阻较管壳式小而使流速可以提高，结果使传热系数K可提高至2.5倍。此外，全逆流列管换热器的传热平均温差最大，这有助于提高传热效率。2、结构紧凑，不用管材。由于板型传热面的面积大，单位体积传热面可达44-100m2/m3，约为管壳式换热器的23倍，加之传热系数和平均温差都大，这就必然导致结构的

14、紧凑和轻巧。3、不易污塞。由于单流道、高流速、污垢不易沉积，一旦有所沉积使流道截面减小随即导致流速增高，从而加强了对污塞物的冲刷作用。这种“自洁”作用，管壳式换热器是没有的。据统计显示，列管污塞的速率只及管壳式的十分之一。4、能有效利用低温热源，精密控制温度。由开双螺旋流道能较完全地形成逆流传热且流道较长，有助于降低换热器设计所允许的（两种介质之间）有利于连续均匀地换热或升降温度。这就为利用一些低温热源（如地下热源）或精密控制介质温度提供了有利条件，从经验数据知道，板式和列管换热器的介质温差是最低的。5、流阻较小。试验表明，与同样条件的管壳式换热器相比，列管换热器的流阻较小。列管换热器相对于列

15、管式换热器，也有其自身的不足之处。在设计、制造和安装使用过程中需要注意掌握的有以下几个方面：承压能力受限。这一点在安装使用当中，要求用户按铭牌上的设计参数使用，不可超压和超温工作；以保证其安全使用。容量受限。由于单流道流通能力较小。故介质的体积流量受到限制，流道不能过大，否则，流阻增大，使输送动力消耗加大。制造复杂，传热部分和密封部分制造比较复杂。总之，列管换热器优点突出，已经广泛应用于化工、食品、医药等部门。列管换热器在使用过程中，还可以切换通道，利用一侧流体去冲刷另一侧流道的污垢，但应注意对于易生硬垢的介质不宜采用。另外，如果用作冷凝器使用时，必须立式放置，其它情况立卧放置均可。三、 设计

16、选型说明1、 列管换热器的选型要符合生产工艺要求，一般按本公司随机附送彩页样本选用。2、 单机能力不够时，可多台并联式或串联或混合使用。这样可以弥补单台容量较小的不足。串联时，换热器的板宽和通道间距相同；并联时只限于同一规格换热器；混合组合，一个通道并联，一个通道串联，只限于同一规格的换热器。3、 其它需在选材、设计、工艺等方面特殊考虑的，请与本公司技术支持工程师联系，根据工艺特点具体确定。四、 安装使用说明1、 设备安装，应请熟悉该系统工艺的工程技术人员指导，按照本说明书和产品质量证明书及其系统工艺特点，确定安装工艺方案。在安装中，应考虑尽量利用管道的走向吸收热膨胀，并且安装要水平、对正，不

17、能产生附加应力，以免对设备造成不利影响。管道联接应使两流程完全逆流状态，以提高传热效果。2、 安装之前应清洗管道系统，不得有泥砂、杂物等存留其中；检查换热器在运输中是否损坏，是否有大杂物落入管口中。3、 设备安装完毕，设备与系统应进行水压试验。4、 水压试验完毕，应对设备进行保温。5、 循环必须软化或加药处理。（按低压锅炉水质标准GB1576-96），由于水处理不当造成结垢，可用化学清洗除垢。五、操作运行1、开机时，先打开冷侧介质阀门，并排出空气，再打开热侧介质阀门，关时反之。开关阀门应慢速进行；对于通过减压阀之后再进入换热器的系统，开机时，应最后打开减压阀后的阀门，关机时相反。2、对于可拆式

18、换热器，在温度上长升后至正常操作期间，对端盖螺栓应重新紧固一遍，注意紧固顺序，防止偏斜。3、必顺在产品铭牌规定参数以下运行，不得超压超温使用。4、停机期限间，应将换热器内清洗干净并充入除氧水封存保养。六、维护保养1、定期检查换热器的腐蚀情况，并进行清洗。2、使用过程中压力突然增加时，首先检查换热器内是否有严重堵塞现象。3、碳钢设备应定期刷油漆防腐。七、技术资料保管列管换热器的技术档案应妥善保管，以保证使用、技术总结，移装等需要，其资料应包括：1、 随机出厂图纸用技术文件（安装使用说明书、产品质量证明书等）；八、接口方案接 口ABCD方 案 一介质1进介质1出介质2进介质2出方 案 二介质1出介

19、质1进介质2出介质2进注：如果附有图纸说明，请按图纸所标接口为准！操作说明书一、工艺流程说明1、工艺说明 换热器是进行热交换操作的通用工艺设备，广泛应用于化工、石油、石油化工、动力、冶金等工业部门，特别是在石油炼制和化学加工装置中，占有重要地位。换热器的操作技术培训在整个操作培训中尤为重要。 本单元设计采用管壳式换热器。来自界外的92冷物流（沸点）由泵P101A/B送至换热器E101的壳程被流经管程的热物流加热至145,并有20%被汽化。冷物流流量由流量控制器FIC101控制,正常流量为12000kg/h。来自另一设备的225热物流经泵P102A/B送至换热器E101与注经壳程的冷物流进行热交

20、换,热物流出口温度由TIC101控制(177)。 为保证热物流的流量稳定,TIC101采用分程控制,TV101A和TV101B分别调节流经E101和副线的流量,TIC101输出0%100%分别对应TV101A开度0%100%,TV101B开度1000%。2、本单元复杂控制方案说明 TIC101的分程控制线：补充说明： 本单元现场图中现场阀旁边的实心红色圆点代表高点排气和低点排液的指示标志，当完成高点排气和低点排液时实心红色圆点变为绿色。3、设备一览P101A/B：冷物流进料泵P102A/B：热物流进料泵E101：列管式换热器二、换热器单元操作规程1、开车操作规程 本操作规程仅供参考，详细操作以

21、评分系统为准。 装置的开工状态为换热器处于常温常压下，各调节阀处于手动关闭状态，各手操阀处于关闭状态，可以直接进冷物流。、启动冷物流进料泵P101A(1)开换热器壳程排气阀VD03。(2)开P101A泵的前阀VB01。(3)启动泵P101A。(4)当进料压力指示表PI101指示达9.0atm以上,打开P101A泵的出口阀VB03。、冷物流E101进料(1)打开FIC101的前后阀VB04，VB05,手动逐渐开大调节阀FV101(FIC101)。(2)观察壳程排气阀VD03的出口,当有液体溢出时（VD03旁边标志变绿）,标志着壳程已无不凝性气体，关闭壳程排气阀VD03,壳程排气完毕。(3) 打开

22、冷物流出口阀（VD04），将其开度置为50%，手动调节FV101，使FIC101其达到12000kg/h，且较稳定时FIC101设定为12000kg/h,投自动。、启动热物流入口泵P102A(1)开管程放空阀VD06。(2)开P102A泵的前阀VB11。(3)启动P102A泵。(4)当热物流进料压力表PI102指示大于10atm时,全开P102泵的出口阀VB10。、热物流进料 (1)全开TV101A的前后阀VB06,VB07，TV101B的前后阀VB08,VB09。 (2)打开调节阀TV101A（默认即开）给E101管程注液，观察E101管程排汽阀VD06的出口,当有液体溢出时(VD06旁边标

23、志变绿)，标志着管程已无不凝性气体,此时关管程排气阀VD06，E101管程排气完毕。 (3)打开E101热物流出口阀（VD07），将其开度置为50%， 手动调节管程温度控制阀TIC101，使其出口温度在1772，且较稳定,TIC101设定在177,投自动。2、正常操作规程、正常工况操作参数(1)冷物流流量为12000kg/h，出口温度为145，气化率20%。(2)热物流流量为10000kg/h，出口温度为177。、备用泵的切换(1)P101A与P101B之间可任意切换。(2)P102A与P102B之间可任意切换。3.停车操作规程 本操作规程仅供参考，详细操作以评分系统为准。、停热物流进料泵P1

24、02A(1)关闭P102泵的出口阀VB01。(2)停P102A泵。(3)待PI102指示小于时，关闭P102泵入口阀VB11。、停热物流进料(1)TIC101置手动。(2)关闭TV101A的前、后阀VB06、VB07。(3)关闭TV101B的前、后阀VB08、VB09。(4)关闭E101热物流出口阀VD07。、停冷物流进料泵P101A(1)关闭P101泵的出口阀VB03。(2)停P101A泵。(3)待PI101指示小于时，关闭P101泵入口阀VB01。、停冷物流进料(1)FIC101置手动。(2)关闭FIC101的前、后阀VB04、VB05。(3)关闭E101冷物流出口阀VD04。、E101管

25、程泄液 打开管程泄液阀VD05,观察管程泄液阀VD05的出口,当不再有液体泄出时，关闭泄液阀VD05。3.6 E101壳程泄液 打开壳程泄液阀VD02,观察壳程泄液阀VD02的出口,当不再有液体泄出时，关闭泄液阀VD02。Franco-Prussian, who law enforcement who legal literacy of the application of the principles at work (law Pu (2013), 6th) issued the single . Is the backbone area the rule of law publicity

26、and education. (Assessment-2-, self-evaluation-2) 7. 65 Franco-Prussian work yilai, I County active using 3.8 womens day, and March fully rule publicity months and 3.15 consumers interests protection day, and five or four youth day, and 6.24 international drug day, and 6.25 land day for opportunity,

27、 combined 12.4 national Constitution Day cum national rule of law publicity day, major activities, and important node, using fair day carried out forms of rule of law publicity topic activities, on women interests guarantees method, and marriage method, and land method, and water And the law on nota

28、ry, the peoples mediation law and other professional law legal advocacy work. In five years, distribute all kinds of rule of law information materials (126,700), accepts all kinds of legal advice 18,000 visitors, posting signs more than 4,000 articles, achieve legal literacy does not remain dead, ke

29、ep. (Check with 3 points, self-evaluation-3) 8. solid advance rule of law culture construction activities, 65 Franco-Prussian work yilai, in County carried out has Chinese soul? flying dream rule of law reading activities; September 2014, rule of law culture construction model base in mill black tow

30、n middle school tone established, Franco-Prussian do, and Judicial Council gift youth legal reading more than 1000 more than this; 2015 television opened rule of law XX column, total making broadcast 4 period, 16 article rule of law news program. And give full play to 193 of the county supported the

31、 rule of law role of literary propaganda through popular and accessible essays, Allegro, dancing a variety of theatrical interpretation of laws and regulations promote the rule of law, they performed as the couple mahjong and the conciliation officers patrol in mind, collection and other programmes

32、are well received by the masses. (Check with 3 points, self-evaluation-3) 9. increase grass-roots mass culture of rule of law activities of the guidance, support, and training grass-roots cultural awareness cultural backbone of rule of law, the County year-round theatrical performance teams a total

33、of 31 total support rule of law, mass culture of rule of law activities and healthy development. (Evaluation of 3 minutes, scoring 3 points) 10. active use of the Web site, television, mobile phones and other new media law publicity and education activities carried out. In June 2013, XX law populari

34、zation network officially opened, its built and opened, XX is the rule of law propaganda education implementation of networked communication, actively develop Franco-Prussian governance according to law, innovation is a new initiative of the Franco-German forms of governance according to law; depart

35、ments of industry and commerce, taxation, society set up the rule of law promotion portal sites; more than 6,900 employees from all walks of life the cadres and masses throughout the County opened a Franco-German mobile news-XX news. (Check with 3 points, self-assessment 3 points) 11. focus on combi

36、ning rule by law education and rule of law. In August 2011, my County is named after the town of XX district village, Meng first border village, fengyang community 45 villages (communities) in April 2014, named Secretary for Commerce and industry, West side community as rule of law to create demonst

37、ration unit. (Check with 3 points, self-evaluation-3) four,13 文章来源：4、仪表及报警一览表位号说明类型正常值量程上限量程下限工程单位高报值低报值高高报值低低报值FIC101冷流入口流量控制PID12000200000KG/H170003000190001000TIC101热流入口温度控制PID17730002554528515PI101冷流入口压力显示AI270000atm103151TI101冷流入口温度显示AI9220001703019010PI102热流入口压力显示AI500atm123151TI102冷流出口温度显示AI3

38、000173191TI103热流入口温度显示AI2254000TI104热流出口温度显示AI1293000FI101流经换热器流量AI10000200000KG/HFI102未流经换热器流量AI10000200000KG/H三、事故设置一览 下列事故处理操作仅供参考，详细操作以评分系统为准。1、FIC101阀卡 主要现象：(1)FIC101流量减小。 (2)P101泵出口压力升高。 (3)冷物流出口温度升高。事故处理：关闭FIC101前后阀，打开FIC101的旁路阀(VD01)，调节流量使其达到正常值。2、P101A泵坏主要现象：(1)P101泵出口压力急骤下降。 (2)FIC101流量急骤减

39、小。 (3)冷物流出口温度升高，汽化率增大。事故处理：关闭P101A泵，开启P101B泵。3、P102A泵坏主要现象：(1)P102泵出口压力急骤下降。 (2)冷物流出口温度下降，汽化率降低。 事故处理：关闭P102A泵，开启P102B泵。4、TV101A阀卡主要现象：(1)热物流经换热器换热后的温度降低。 (2)冷物流出口温度降低。事故处理: 关闭TV101A前后阀，打开TV101A的旁路阀(VD01)，调节流量使其达到正常值。关闭TV101B前后阀，调节旁路阀（VD09）。5、部分管堵主要现象：(1)热物流流量减小。 (2)冷物流出口温度降低，汽化率降低。 (3)热物流P102泵出口压力略升高。事故处理：停车拆换热器清洗。6、换热器结垢严重主要现象：热物流出口温度高。事故处理：停车拆换热器清洗。四、仿真界面列管式换热器DCS界面列管式换热器现场界面