2016职称英语复习题大全.pdf

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1、2015职称英语理工类B真题及答案（完整版）第一部分：词汇选项1.The organization was bold enough to face the press.A.pleased B.powerful C.brave D.sensible2.1 will not tolerate that sort of behavior in my class.A.accept B.control C.observe D.regulate3.1 realized to my horror that I had forgotten the present.A limit B.fear C.power

2、D.fool4.Most people find rejection hard to accept.A.excuse B.client C.destiny D.refusal5.Shes extremely competent and industrious.A.hardworking B.honest C.objective D.independent6.The doctors did not reveal the truth to him.A.hide B.handle C.disclose D.establish7.He tried to assemble his thoughts.A.

3、clear B.share C.gather D.spare8.The law carries a penalty of up to three years in prison.A.message B.punishment C.guilt D.obligation9.Prisoners were kept in the most appalling conditions.A.flexible B.terrible C.reasonable D.serious10.These products are inferior to those we brought last year.A.poorer

4、 than B.narrower than C.larger than D.richer than11.The political situation in the region has deteriorated rapidly.A.improved B.changed C.worsened D.developed12.There was a simultaneous trial taking place in the next building.A.coexisting B.fair C.full D.pubic13.Theyre petitioning for better facilit

5、ies for the disabled on publictransport.A.requesting B.planning C.preparing D.looking14.He said some harsh words about his brother.A.unkind B.proper C.normal D.unclear15.We were attracted by the lure of quick money.A.amount B.supply C.sum D.temp第二部分：阅读判断ADHD Linked to Air PollutantsChildren have an

6、increased of attention problems,seen as early asgrade school.If their noses inhaled（吸入）a certain type of air pollutionwhen they were pregnant.Thats the finding of a new study.Releasedwhen things arent burned completely,this pollution is known aspolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,or PAHs.The biggest so

7、urces of thesePAHs:the burning of fossil fuels,wood and trash.Frederica Perera works at Columbia Universitys Mailman School ofPublic Health is New York City.She researches how exposure to things inthe environment affects childrens health in a new study,she and herteam studied the exposure to air pol

8、lution of 233 nonsmoking pregnantwomen in New York City.Because burning tobacco can spew（排放）PAHsinto the air and lungs,Pereras team focused on nonsmokers.Theresearchers wanted to probe（探查）other sources of PAHs,ones thatswould have been hard for an individual to avoid.The team started by testing the

9、blood of each woman duringpregnancy.The reason Any PAHs in a womans blood would also beavailable to the baby in her womb.Nine years later,the researchersinvestigated signs of attention problems in those children,now age 9.They asked each childs mother a series of questions.These includedwhatever her

10、 child had problems doing things that needed sustained（长期的）mental effort,such as homework or games with friends.Thescientists also asked if the kids had trouble following instructions ormade frequent,careless mistakes.All of these can be symptoms of adisorder called Attention Deficit Hyperactivity D

11、isorder,or ADHD.Aboutone in U.S.children has ADHD.Among the women studied,traffic and home heating were theprimary sources of air pollution exposure,Perera and her team suspect.Some of these women had low levels of PAHs in their blood.Ohters hadhigh levels.Those with high levels were five times as l

12、ikely to havechildren who showed attention problems by age 9.The new findingswere published November 5 in the journal PLOS ONE.16.Perera and her team chose nonsmoking pregnant women allover America.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned17.The main purpose of the research was to find out how exposureto PAHs p

13、layed a role in harming the subjects physical health.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned18.Nonsmoking mothers were selected because the effect ofsmoking on PAHs was unclear.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned19.The blood of each woman was tested once a month duringpregnancy.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned20 Kids

14、with ADHD commonly fail in school.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned21.The women with high levels of PAHs in their blood were morelikely to have kids with ADHD.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned22.Traffic and home heating were considered to be the biggestsources of PAHs for the subjects in the research.A.Righ

15、tB.WrongC.Not mentioned第 3 部分：概况大意与完成句子First Image-recognitions software1）Dartmouth researchers and their colleagues have created anartificial intelligence software that uses photos to locate documents onthe Internet with far greater accuracy than ever before.2）The new system,which was tested on pho

16、tos and is now beingapplied to videos,shows for the first time that a machine learningalgorithm（运算法贝（J）for image recognition and retrieval is accurate andefficient enough to improve large-scale document searches online.Thesystem uses pixel（像素）data in images and potentially videorather thanjust textt

17、o locate documents.It learns to recognize the pixelsassociated with a search phrase by studying the results from text-basedimage search engines.The knowledge gleaned（收集）from those resultscan then be applied to other photos without tags or captions（图片说明）,making for more accurate document search resul

18、ts.3）“Over the last 30 years,says Associate Professor KorenzoTorresani,a co-author of the study,the web has evolved from a smallcollection of mostly text documents to a modern,massive,fast-growingmultimedia datastet,where nearly every page includes multiple picturesof videos.When a person looks at a

19、 Web page,he immediately get thegist（主旨）of it by looking at the pictures in it.Yet,surprisingly,all existingpopular search engine,such as Google or Bing,strip away theinformation contained in the photos and use exclusively the text of Wedpages to perform the document retrieval.Our study is the first

20、 to showthat modern machine vision systems are accurate and efficient enoughto make effective use of the information contained in image pixels toimprove document search.”4）The researchers designed and tested a machine vision systematype of artificialintelligence that allows computers to learn withou

21、t beingexplicitly programmed that extracts semantic（语义的）information frompixels of photos in Web pages.This informationg is used to enrich thedescription of the HTML page used by search engines for documentretrieval.The researchers tested their approach using more than 600search queries（查询）on a datab

22、ase of 50 million Wed pages.Theyselected the text-retrieval search engine with the best performance andmodified it to make use of the additional semantic information extractedby their method from the pictures of the Web pages.They found tht thisproduced a 30 percent improvement in precision over the

23、 originalsearch engine purely based on text.23.Paragraph 124.Paragraph 225.Paragraph 326 Paragraph 4A.Popularity of the new systemB.Publication of the new discoveryC.Function of the new systemD.Artificial intelligence software createdE.Problems of the existing search enginesF.Improvement in document

24、 retrieval27.The new system does document retrieval by.28.The new system is expected to improve precision i n.29.When performing document retrieval the existing search enginesi g n o r e.30.The new system was found more effective in document searchthan t he.A.information in imagesB.current popular s

25、earch enginesC.using photosD.machine vision systemsE.document searchF.description of the HTML page第四部分：阅读理解第一篇 Why Buy Shade-Grown Coffee?When people argue about whether coffee is good for health,theyreusually thinking of the health of the coffee drinker.Is it food for yourheart?Does it increase blo

26、od pressure?Does it help you concentrate?However,coffee affects the health of the human population in otherways,too.Traditionally,coffee bushes were planted under the canopy（树冠）oftaller indigenous（土长的）trees.However,more and more farmers inLatin America are deforesting the land to grow full-sun coffe

27、es.At first,this increases production because more coffee bushes can be planted ifthere aren t any trees.With increased production come increasedprofits.Unfortunately,deforesting for coffee production immediatelydecreases local-wildlife habitat.Native birds nest and hide frompredators（捕食者）in the tal

28、l trees and migrating birds rest there.Furthermore,in the long term,the full-sun method also damages theecosystem because more chemical fertilizers and pesticides are neededto grow the coffee.The fertilizers and pesticides kill insects that eatcoffee plant,but then the birds eat the poisoned insects

29、 and also die.Thechemicals kill or sicken other animals as well,and can even enter thewater that people will eventually drink.Fortunately,farmers in Central and South America are beginning togrow more coffee bushes in the shade.We can support these farmers bybuying coffee with such labels as shade g

30、rown and bird friendly.Sure,these varieties might cost a little more.But were paying for the health ofthe birds,the land,ourselves,and the planet.I think its worth it.31.What is the main idea of this passage?A.Farmers are changing the way they grow coffee.B.Coffee is becoming more expensive to produ

31、ce.C.Shade-grow coffee is more expensive than sun-grow coffee.D.People should buy shade-grown coffee.32.The function of the word Traditionally in Paragraph 2 is tos h o w.A.the positive effects of coffee.B.a change of coffee growth.C.something that is the most important.D.how coffee production used

32、to be.33.What does increased production of full-sun coffee bring about?A.More insects.B.Better quality coffee.C.Larger farms.D.Higher profits.34.How do farmers find more land for growing full-sun coffee?A.They buy more land from other farmers.B.They cut down trees.C.They move to another country.D.Th

33、ey turn grassland into farmland.35.The full-sun method may affect the following EXCEPT full sunA.insects.B.air.C.birdsD.humans第二篇 More Rural Research is NeededAgricultural research funding is vital if the world is to feeditself better than it does now.Dr.Tony Fischer,crop scientist,saiddemand was gr

34、owing at 2.5%per year but with modern technologiesand the development of new ones,the world should be able to stayahead.The global decline in investment in international agriculturalresearch must be reversed if significant progress is to be made towardsreducing malnutrition（营养不良）and poverty.H he sai

35、d.Research is needed to solve food production,land degradation（贫瘠化）and environmental problems.Secure local food supplies led toeconomic growth which is turn,slowed population growth.Dr.Fischerpainted a picture of the world,s ability to feed itself in the first 25 years,when the world1 s population i

36、s expected to rise from 5 X to X billionpeople.He said that things will probably hold or improve but there IIstill be a lot of hungry people.The biggest concentration of poor andhungry people would be in sub-Saharan Africa and southern Asia in 2020,similar to the current pattern.If there is any chan

37、ge,a slightimprovement will be seen in southern Asia,but not in sub-SaharanAfrica.The major improvement will be in East Asia,South America andSouth-East Asia.The developing world was investing about 0.5%,or$8 billion a year,of its agricultural gross domestic product（GDP）or）research anddeveloped worl

38、d was spending 2.5%of its GDP.Dr.Fischer said morewas needed from all countries.He said crop research could produce technologies that spreadacross many countries,such as wheat production research havingspin-offs（有用的副产品）for Mexico,China or India.Technologies still need to be refined for the local con

39、ditions but alot of the strategic research can have global application,so that moneycan be used very efficiently.1 Dr.Fischer said.Yields of rice,wheat ad maize（玉米）havegrown impressively in thepast 30 years,especially in developing countries.For example,maizeproduction rose from 2 to 8 tonnes per he

40、ctare between 1950 and 1995.But technologies driving this growth such as high-yield varieties,fertilizers,and irrigation,were becoming exhausted.If you want tosave the land for non-agricultural activities,for forests and wildlife,you re going to have to increase yield.Dr.Fischer said.36.What is the

41、passage mainly about?A.Shortage of food supplies.B.Development of agricultural technologies.C.Impact of agricultural research.D.Expectation of population growth.37.Which of the following statements is true about the world sagricultural research funding?A.It is increasing among developed countries.B.

42、It is decreasing worldwide.C.Less is demanded from developing countries.D.Most of it is spent very efficiently.38.What is the picture of Asia s food supplies in the first 25 years?A.Food shortage will not be a problemB.There will be more hungry people in southern Asia.C.Population growth will result

43、 in more hungry people.D.There will be fewer hungry people in East Asia.39.What does Dr.Fischer say about technologies?Dr FischerA.They are costly.B.They have to be improved to meet local needs.C.Their application is limited.D.They have to be applied locally.40.It can be infered from the last paragr

44、aph t h a t.A.there is a demand for saving land for non-agricultural activities.B.crop production is growing faster in developing countries.C.maize production reached its peak in the 1990s.D.technologies improving maize production have been welldeveloped.第三篇 Dangers await babies with altitudeWomen w

45、ho live in the worlds highest communities tend to givebirth to under-weight babies,a new study suggests.These babies maygrow into adults with a high risk of heart disease and strokes.Research has hinted that newborns in mountain communities arelighter than average.But it wasnt clear whether this is

46、due to reducedoxygen levels at high altitude or because their mothers areunder-nourished many people who live at high altitudes are relativelypoor compared with those living lower down.To find out more,Dino Giussani and his team at CambridgeUniversity studied the records of 400 births in Bolivia dur

47、ing 1976 and1998.The babies were born in both rich and poor areas of two cities:LaPaz and Santa Cruz.L Paz is the highest city in the world,at 3.65kilometers above sea level,while Santa Cruz is much lower,at 0.44kilometers.Sure enough,Giussani found that the average birthweight of babiesin La Paz wa

48、s significantly lower than in Santa Cruz.This was true in bothhigh and low-income families.Even babies born to poor families in SantaCruz were heavier on average than babies born to wealthy families inlofty La Paz.We were very surprised by this result,says Giussani.The results suggest that babies bo

49、rn at high altitude are deprivedof oxygen before birth.This may trigger the release or suppression ofhormones that regulate growth of the unborn child,says Giussani.His team also found that high-altitude babies tended to haverelatively larger heads compared with their bodies.This is probablybecause

50、a fetus starved of oxygen will send oxygenated blood to thebrain in preference to rest of the body.Giussani wants to find out if such babies have a higher risk of diseasein later life.People born in La Paz might be prone to heart trouble inadulthood,for example.Low birth weight is a risk factor for