2015年职称英语考试综合类阅读理解模拟试题.pdf

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1、第4部分：阅读理解（第3 14 5题，每题3分，共4 5分）下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面都有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。弟 扁Natural MedicinesSince earliest days,humans have used some kinds ofmedicines.We know this because humans have survived.Ancienttreatments for injury and disease were successful enough tokeep

2、humans from dying out completely.They were successful long before the time of modernmedicine.Before the time of doctors with white coats and shiny（发亮的）instruments.Before the time of big hospitals withstrange and wonderful equipment.Many parts of the world still do not haveuniversity-educated doctors

3、.Nor do they have expensivehospitals.Yet injuries are treated.And diseases are oftencured.How?By ancient methods.By medicines that might seemmysterious,even magical（有魔力的）.Traditional medicines areneither mysterious nor magical,however.Through the centuries,tribal（部 落的）medicine menexperimented with p

4、lants.They found many useful chemicals inthe plants.And scientists believe many of these traditionalmedicines may provide the cure for some of todays most seriousdiseases.Experts say almost 80%of the people in the world use plantsfor health care.These natural medicines are used not justbecause peopl

5、e have no other form of treatment.They are usedbecause people trust them.I n developed areas,few people thinkabout the source of the medicines they buy in a store.Yet manywidely-used medicines are from ancient sources,especiallyplants.Some experts say more than 25%of modern medicines come,in one way

6、 or another,from nature.Scientists have long known that nature is really a chemicalfactory.All 1iving things contain chemicals that help themsurvive.So scientists，interest in traditional medicine is notnew.But it has become an urgent concern.This is because theearths supply of natural medicines may

7、be dropping rapidly.1 The passage indicates that ancient treatments for injuryand disease wereA much more successful than modem ones.B successful enough for humans to survive.C successful in all cases.D of little help to humans.2 Which of the following statements is NOT true?A Modern medicines are n

8、ow available all over the world.B Many big and modem hospitals are expensive.C Traditional medicines are neither mysterious normagical.D Humans have used some kinds of medicines since earliestdays.3 I t is believed by scientists that traditional medicinesA can cure all kinds of diseases.B may cure s

9、ome of todays most serious diseasesC are no longer useful for modem men.D are too cheap to be useful.4 What do the majority of the people in the world use forhealth care?A Stra nge a nd w onderf ul equipment.B Fa ctory-produced ch emica ls.C Modern medicines.D Pla nts.5 It ca n be seen f rom th e pa

10、 ssa ge th a t th e ea rth,s supplyof na tura l medicinesA ma y nev er be ex h a usted.B ma y be dropping ra pidly.C is surprisingly big.D is a s rich a s ev er.参考答案：3 1.B 3 2.A 3 3.B 3 4.D 3 5.B笛笆Memory Cla ssSta n Field know s w h a t a ge ca n do to a person s memory,a ndh e s not ta king a ny ch

11、 a nces w ith h is.He ch ooses h is f oodca ref ully a nd gets plenty of ex ercise.He a lso a v oids stress,coca cola a nd ciga rette smoke.Wh a t s more,a t brea kf a st ea chmorning,th e 6 9-y ea r-old ch emica l engineer sw a llow s a pla tef ulof pills in th e h ope of boosting h is bra in pow e

12、r.Mich elle Amov e is less th a n h a lf Field;s a ge,but no lessconcerned a bout h ermemory.Wh ile w orking round th e clock to f inish a degreein f ilm studies,th e 3 3-y ea r-old New Yorker h a d th e a la rmingsensa tion th a t sh e h a d stopped reta ining a ny th ing.I couldn tev en remember n

13、a mes,“sh e sa y s.1 th ough t,Oh no,I m ov er3 0.It s a ll dow nh ill f rom h ere.Besides loa ding up onsupplements,Arnov e signed up f or a memory-enh a ncing course a tNew York s Mount Sia ni Medica l Center.And w h en sh e got th ere,she found herself surrounded by people who were just as worrie

14、das she was.For millions of Americans,and especially for baby boomers（生育高峰期出生的人），the demands of the I nformation Ageconflict with a sense of declining physical power.Whenboomers were in their 3 0s and 40s,they launched the fitnessboom,z/says Cynthia Green,the psychologist who teaches MountSinais mem

15、ory class.Now we have the mental-fitness boom.Memory is the boomers new life-crisis issue.And of coursea major marketing opportunity.The demand for books andseminars has never been greater,says Jack Lannom,a longtimememory trainer whose weekly TV show,“Mind Unlimited,“goes out to 3 3 million homes o

16、n theChristian Network.Anxious consumers are rushing to buydo-it-yourself programs and supplement makers are trying tosell everything but sawdust（木屑）as a brain booster.But before you get out your checkbook,a few questions arein order.Does everyday forgetfulness signal declining brainfunction?I s meg

17、amemory”（超强记忆）a realistic goal fornormal people?And if you could have a perfect memory,wouldyou really want it?Until recently,no one could address thoseissues with much authority,but our knowledge of memory isexploding.New techniques are revealing how different parts ofthe brain interact to preserve

18、 meaningful experiences.Biologists are trying to understand the underlying（潜在的）chemical processes and neuroscientists（神经系统科学家）arediscovering how age,stress,and other factors can disrupt them.No one is close to finding the secret to perfect recall,butas you11 see,that may be just as well.6 Wh a t doe

19、s Sta n Field ta ke a t brea kf a st?A Food only.B Food a nd pills.C Noth ing.D A pla tef ul of pills only.7 Wh a t is th e mea ning of “w orking round th e clock”?A Repa iring clocks.B Ma king clocks.C Working w ith a clock nea rby.D Working da y a nd nigh t.8 Ma ny ba by-boomers liv ing in th e In

20、f orma tion Age f eel th a tA th eir f ina ncia l sta tus is declining.B th eir politica l inf luence is declining.C th eir ph y sica l pow er is declining.D th eir w ill pow er is declining.9 Wh ich of th e f ollow ing does NOT indica te people senh a nced a w a reness ofth e importa nce of memory?

21、A More dema nd f or books on memory.B More dema nd f or semina rs on memory.C More dema nd f or memory-enh a ncing supplements.D More dema nd f or coca cola a nd ciga rettes.1 0 According to th e w riter,th e secret to perf ect memoryA h a s been f ound.B w ill nev er be f ound.C w a s f ound a long

22、 time a go.D is not in sigh t y et.参考答案：3 6.B 3 7.D 3 8.C 3 9.D 4 0.D-KnittingMy mother knew how to knit（编织），but she never taught me.She assumed,as did many women of her generation,that knittingwas no longer a skill worth passing down from mother to daughter.A combination of feminism（女权主义）and consum

23、erism（消费主义）made many women feel that such homely accomplishments werenow out of date.My Grandmother still knitted,though,and everyChristmas she made a pair of socks for my brother and me,ofred wool.They were the ones we wore under our ice skates（冰鞋），when it was really important to have warm feet.Kni

24、tting is a nervous habit that happens to be productive.I t helped me quit smoking by giving my hands something else todo.I t is wonderful for depression because no matter what elsehappens,you are creating something beautiful.Time spent infront of the television or just sitting is no longer timewaste

25、d.I love breathing life into the patterns.I ts true magic,finding a neglected,dog-eared old book with the perfectsnowflake design,buying the same Germantown wool mygrandmother used,in the exact blue to match my daughters eyes;taking it on the train with me every day for two months,workingenthusiasti

26、cally to get it done by Christmas,staying up lateafter the stockings are filled to sew in the sleeves and weavein the ends.Knitting has taught me patience.I know that if I just keepgoing,even if it takes months,there will be a reward.WhenI make a mistake,I know that anger will not fix it,that I just

27、have to go back and take out the stitches（针脚）between andstart over again.P eople often ask if I would do it for money,and the answeris always a definite no.In the first place,you could not payme enough for the hours I put into a sweater.But more important,this is an activity I keep separate from suc

28、h considerations.I knit to cover my children and other people I love in warmthand color.I knit to give them something earthly that moneycould never buy.Knitting gives my life an alternative rhythm to the dailydeadline.By day I can write about Northern Ireland or the NewYork City Police Department an

29、d get paid for it,but on the trainhome,surrounded by people with laptops,I stage my littlerebellion:I take out my old knitting bag and join the centuriesof women who have knitted for love.11 Why did many women feel that knitting was out of date?A Because their mothers didn，t teach them.B Because the

30、y were influenced by feminism and consumerismC Because they were feminists.D Because they were consumerists.12 The author wore the red socks her grandmother had knittedfor herA when she went to school.B when she went sightseeing.C when she celebrated Christmas.D when she went skating.13 The word qui

31、t in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning toA“give up”.B speed up”.C slow down.D build up”.14 According to the passage,which of the followingstatements about knitting is NOT true?A Knitting helps one get rid of bad habits.B Knitting helps one get free from a bad mood.C Knitting requires patience.D Knit

32、ting is a profit-making business.15 Which of the following is NOT the writers purpose ofknitting?A To save money.B To make full use of her leisure time.C To enrich her life.D To show her love for the family.参考答案：41.B 42.D 43.A 44.D 45.AU.S.Eats Too Much SaltP eople in the United States consume more

33、than twice therecommended amount of salt,raising their risk for high bloodpressure,heart attacks and strokes,government health expertssaid on Thursday.They found nearly 70 percent of U.S.adults are inhigh-risk groups that would benefit from a lower-salt of no morethan 1,500 mg per day,yet most consu

34、me closer to 3,500 nig perday.I ts important to eat people to eat less salt.P eople whoadopt a hearthealthy eating pattern that includes a diet lowin sodium and rich in potassium and calcium can improve theirblood pressure,z/Dr.Darwin labarthe of the Centers for DiseaseControl and P revention said i

35、n a statement.“P eople need to know their recommended daily sodium 1imitand take action to reduce sodium intake,“Labarthe said.The study in CDCs report on death and disease used nationalsurvey data to show that two out of three adults should beconsuming no more than 1,500 mg of sodium per day becaus

36、e theyare black or over the age of 40-which are considered high-riskgroups.Yet studies show most people in the United States eat 3,43 6mg of sodium per day,according to a 2005-2006 CDC estimate.Most of the sodium eaten comes from package,processed andrestaurant foods.The CDC said it will join other

37、agencies in the Health andHuman Services department in working with major foodmanufacturers and chain restaurants to reduce sodium levels inthe food supply.Nationwide,16 million men and women have heart disease and5.8 million are estimated to have had a stroke.Cutting saltconsumption can reduce thes

38、e risks,the CDC said.1.Too much salt raises ones risk forA high blood pressure.B heart attacks.C strokes,D all of the above.2.How much salt do most American adults eat per day?A No more than 1,500 mgB Closer to 3,500 mg.C Less than 3,43 6 mg.D Closer to 1,500 mg.3.To improve their blood pressure,peo

39、ple should have adietA rich in potassium and sodium.B rich in potassium and calcium.C rich in calcium and sodium.D none of the above.4.The high-risk groups include thoseA who are black.B who are over the age of 40.C who are white and young.D both A and B5.P ackaged,processed and restaurant foods are

40、 known tobeA cheap.B tasty.C rich in salt.D healthy.答案：1.D 2,B 3.B 4.D 5.CCommunications technologies are far from equal when itcomes to conveying the truth.The first study to compare honestyacross a range of communication media has fund that people aretwice as likely to tell lies in phone conversat

41、ions as they arein emails.The fact that emails are automatically recorded一and can come back to haunt（困扰）you一appears to be the keyto the finding.Jeff Hancock of Cornell University in I thaca,New York,asked 3 0 students to keep a communications diary for a week.I n it they noted the number of conversa

42、tions or email exchangesthey had lasting more than 10 minutes,and confessed to how manylies they told.Hancock then worked out the number of lies perconversation for each medium.He found that lies made up 14 percent of emails,21 per cent of instant messages,27 per centof face-to-face interactions and

43、 an astonishing 3 7 per cent ofphone calls.His results to be presented at the conference onhuman-computer interaction in Vienna,Austria,in April,havesurprised psychologists.Some expected emailers to be thebiggest liars,reasoning that because deception makes peopleuncomfortable,the detachment（非直接接触）o

44、f emailing wouldmake it easier to lie.Others expected people to lie more inface-to-face exchanges because we are most practised at thatform of communication.But Hancock says it is also crucial whether a conversationis being recorded and could be reread,and whether it occursin real time.P eople appea

45、r to be afraid to lie when they knowthe communication could later be used to hold them to account,he says.This is why fewer lies appear in email than on thephone.P eople are also more likely to lie in real time in ainstant message or phone call,say一than if they have time tothink of a response,says H

46、ancock.He found many lies arespontaneous（月兑口而出的）responses to an unexpected demand,such as:Do you like my dress?”Hancock hopes his research will help companies work our thebest ways for their employees to communicate.For instance,thephone might be the best medium foe sales where employees areencourag

47、ed to stretch the truth.But,given his result,workassessment where honesty is a priority,might be best done usingemail.1.Hancock,s study focuses on.A）the consequences of lying in various communicationsmediaB)the success of communications technologies in conveyingideasC)people are less likely to lie i

48、n instant messagesD)peoples honesty levels across a range of communicationsmedia2.Hancock s research finding surprised those who believedthat.A)people are less likely to lie in instant messagesB)people are unlikely to lie in face-to-face interactionsC)people are most likely to lie in email communica

49、tionD)people are twice as likely to lie in phone conversations3.According to the passage,why are people more likely totell the truth through certain media of communication?A)They are afraid of leaving behind traces of their lies.B)They believe that honesty is the best policy.C)They tend to be relaxe

50、d when using those media.D)They are most practised at those forms of communication.4.According to Hancock the telephone is a preferablemedium for promoting sales because.A)salesmen can talk directly to their customersB)salesmen may feel less restrained to exaggerateC)salesmen can impress customers a