2016年职称英语等级考试用书理工类-(a类).pdf

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11、o 14.without bias,fairly 15.terminated.put an end阅读判断+第十一篇 Bill Gates:Unleashing Your CreativityIve always been an optimist and I suppose it is rooted ini my belief that the power of creativity and intelligence canmake the world a better place.For as long as I can remember.Ive loved learning new thi

12、ngs and solving problems.So when I sat down at a computerfor the first time in seventh grade,I was hooked.It was a clunky old teletype machine and it could barely do anythingcompared to the computers we have today.2 But it changed my life.When my friend Paul Allen and I started Microsoft 30 years ag

13、o.we had a vision of a computer on every desk and inevery home”,which probably sounded a little too optimistic at a time when most computers were the size of refrigerators.But wc believed that personal computers would change the world.And they have.And after 30 years.Im still as inspired by computer

14、s as I was back in seventh grade.1 believe that computers are the most incredible tool we can use to feed our curiosity and inventiveness to help ussolve problems that even the smartest people couldnt solve on their own.Computers have transformed how we leam giving kids everywhere a window into all

15、of the worlds knowledge.Theyre helping us build communities around the things we care about and to stay close to the people who are important tous,no matter where they arc.3Like my friend Warren Buffett,I feel particularly lucky to do something every day that I love to do.He calls it“tap-dancing to

16、work4.My job at Microsoft is as challenging as ever,but what makes me“tap-dancing to work is whenwe show people something new,like a computer that can recognize your handwriting or your speech,or one that can store alifetimes worth of photos,and they say,1 didni know you could do that with a PC5!”Bu

17、t for all the cool things that a person can do with a PC,there arc lots of other ways we can put our creativity andintelligence to work to improve our world6.There are still far too many people in the world whose most basic needs gounmet7.Every year,for example,millions of people die from diseases t

18、hat are easy to prevent or treat in the developedworld.I believe that my own good fortune brings with it a responsibility to give back to the world.My wife,Melinda,and Ihave committed to8 improving health and education in a way that can help as many people as possible.As a father,I believe that the

19、death of a child in Africa is no less poignant or tragic than9 the death of a child anywhereelse,and that it doesnt take much to make an immense difference in these childrens lives 10.Im still very much an optimist,and I believe that progress on even the worlds toughest problems is possible andits h

20、appening every day.Were seeing new drugs for deadly diseases,new diagnostic tools,and new attention paid to thehealth problems in the developing world.Im excited by the possibilities I see fbr medicine,fbr education and.of course,fbr technology.And I believe thatthrough our natural inventiveness,cre

21、ativity and willingness to solve tough problems,were going to make some amazingachievements in all these areas in my lifetime.第十一篇比尔盖茨：发挥你的创造力我直是个乐观主义者，我想这是因为我深信创造力和智慧能使世界变得更美好。在我的记忆中，我喜欢学习新东西、解决难题.所以当我七年级时第次坐在电脑前时，我立刻被吸引住类。那是台笨重的旧式电传打字机，跟我们今天的电脑相比几乎什么事都不能做。但是它却改变我的生。30年前我和朋友保罗艾伦创办微软的时候，我们预见到一个“每个办公

22、桌和每个家庭都会有一台电脑”的时代。在那个计算机像冰箱一样大的时代，这听起来也许太乐观r 一点。但是我们相信个人计算机会改变世界。而它们真的做到了。30年后的今天，计算机仍然会激发我的热情，好像我又回到了七年级的年代。我认为计芽机是能满足我们的好奇心，激发我们创造精神的最神奇的工具，它能帮助我们解决最聪明的人都不能独自解决的问题。计算机改变了我们的学习方式，为世界各地的孩子们提供了一个学习各种知识的窗口。它帮助我们就我们所关心的事情建立一个交流的场所，并且与那些我们认为对我们有重要意义的人密切相处，不管他们身在何处。和我的朋友沃伦巴菲特一样，我每天都在做着自己喜欢做的事，对此我感到非常幸运。他

23、说这就像是“跳着踢踏舞工作我在微软的工作一直非常具有挑战性，而当我们向人们展示我们的新成果（比如计算机能识别手写体或语言，或者能储存一生的珍贵照片）人们说没想到你们能用个人计算机做出这样的成就时，那感觉的确像是“跳着踢踏舞工作”。除了我们能用计算机做的所有神奇的事情，还有很多其他方式发挥我们的创造力和智慈，从而使世界更加美好。这个世界上还有很多的人基本需求都得不到满足。例如，每年都有成千上万的人死于疾病，而这些疾病在发达国家是能轻而易举得到控制或治疗的。我认为拥有财富的同时我有责任回报世界。所以，我和妻子梅林达承诺推进健康与教育事业，以帮助尽可能多的人。作为一位父亲，我相信一个非洲儿童的夭折和

24、其他地方孩子的夭折一样令人心酸和悲痛。而要改善这些孩子们的命运，其实不难。如今，我仍然是 个乐观主义者，我仍然相信即使是世界上最棘手的问题，也 样能得到改善的确，世界每天都在进步。我们看到治疗致命疾病的新药物和新诊断工具出现，看到人们更多关注发展中国家的健康问题。医疗、教育和科技发展的美好前景使我激动万分。我坚信，以我们与生俱来的发明精神、创造力和乐于解决棘手问题的精神动力，我们一定能在这些领域做出惊人的成绩。我希望我能亲眼见到这些成绩。第十二篇 Study Helps Predict Big Mediterranean QuakeScientists have found evidence

25、that an overlooked fault in the eastern Mediterranean!is likely to produce an earthquake andtsunami every 800 years as powerful as the one that destroyed Alexandria2 in AD3 365.Using radiocarbon dating techniques,simulations and computer models,the researchers recreated the ancient disaster inorder

26、to identify the responsible fault.4We are saying there is probably a repeat time of 800 years fbr this kind ofearthquake,said Ms Beth Shaw,an earthquake scientist at the University of Cambridge,who led the study.Scientists studypast earthquakes in order to detennine the future possibility of similar

27、 large shocks.Identifying the fault fbr the AD 365 earthquake and tsunami is important fbr the tens of millions of people in the region,Ms.Shaw said.The fault close to the southwest coast of Crctc4 last produced a big enough quake to generate a tsunami about1300,which means the next powerful one cou

28、ld come in the next 100 years,she added in a telephone interview.Ms.Shaw and her colleagues calculate the likely intervals by measuring the motion of either side of the fault to find howoften such large earthquakes would have to occur to account fbr that level of motion,she said.Their computer model

29、suggested an 8 magnitude quake on the fault would produce a tsunami that floods the coastal regions of Alexandria andNorth Africa,the southern coast of Greece5 and Sicily6 all the way up the Adriati7 to Dubrovnik8.This would be similar tothe ancient quake in AD 365 that caused widespread destruction

30、 in much of Greece and unleashed a tsunami that floodedAlexandria and the Nile Delta9,likely killing tens of thousands of people,she said.第十二篇科学家研究预测地中海地区大地震公元365年，东部地中海地区发生特大地震和海啸，摧毁了亚历山大市，科学家们已经找到了证据证明：那里存在的直被人忽视的断层，每隔800年就有可能就引发次强地震和海啸。通过运用放射性碳素技术和计算机仿真模型，研究者们重建了古代那场灾难，以便证实是断层引发了地震。“我们认为每800年就会出现

31、次这种类型的地震。”负责此项研究的剑桥大学地震学家贝丝哨恩女士说道。科学家们研究以往的地震，为的是确定未来出现同种大地震的可能性。肖恩女士说：对于地中海地区上千万的居民来说，确定是断层引发了公元365年地震和海啸非常重要。她在一次电话访问中进而补充说：克里特岛西南海岸附近的断层的后一次引发足以引起海味的大地震是在公元1300年左右，这就意味着下一次强地震将在未来的100年中出现。肖恩女士说，她和她的同事测量了断层两侧的震动强度，并确定大规模地震多久发生一次才会引起这样的震动强度，从而推算出地震产生的大致间隔时间。根据其计算机仿真模型显示，如果断层产生8级的震动，那么它引发的海啸就会淹没亚历山大

32、市和北非的沿海地区、希腊和西西里岛的南部海岸、以及从要费里亚海到杜布罗夫尼克的广大地区。这个近似于公元365年摧毁大部分希腊地区的地震，当时地宸引发的海啸吞噬了亚历山大市和尼罗河三角洲，造成工上千万人死亡。第十三篇 The Northern LightsThe Sun is stormy and has its own kind of weather.It is so hot and active that even the Suns gravity cannot hold itsatmosphere in check 1!Energy flows away from the Sun towa

33、rd the Earth in a stream of electrified particles that move atspeeds around a million miles per hour2.These particles are called plasma,and the stream of plasma3 coming from the Sunis called the solar wind.The more active the Sun,the stronger the solar wind.The solar wind constantly streams toward t

34、he Earth,but dont worry because a protective magnetic field surrounds ourplanet.The same magnetic field that makes your compass point north also steers the particles from the Sun to the north andsouth poles.The charged particles become trapped in magnetic belts around the Earth.When a large blast of

35、 solar windcrashes into the Earths magnetic field,the magnetic field first gets squeezed and then the magnetic field lines break andrcconncct.4The breaking and reconnecting of the magnetic field lines can cause atomic particles called electrons trapped in the belts to回1 into the Earths atmosphere at

36、 the poles.As the electrons fall to the Earth,they collide with gas molecules in theatmosphere,creating flashes of light in the sky.Each atmospheric gas glows a different color.Oxygen and nitrogen glowsred and green and nitrogen glows violet-purple.As these various colors glow and dance in the night

37、 sky,they create theNorthern Lights and the Southern Lights.Watching auroras is fun and exciting,but normally you can only see them in places far north like Alaska and Canada.Themovement of the aurora across the sky is usually slow enough to easily follow with your eyes but they can also pulsate,fli

38、cker,or even move like waves.During solar maximum,5 auroras are seen as far south as Florida,even Mexico!6Auroras often seem to be very close to the ground,but the lowest aurora is still about 100 kilometers above the ground,adistance much higher than clouds are formed or airplanes can fly.A typical

39、 aurora band can be thousands of kilometers long,a few hundred kilometers high,but only a few hundred meters thick.We hope you are able to travel to far-north places like the Arctic Circle and see the Northern Lights at least once duringyour lifetime.We know you will never forget it!第十三篇北极光太阳是狂暴的，有它

40、自己独特的气候。太阳太热，其活动又太剧烈，以至于无法控制它自己的大气层。热量以电粒子流的形式逃离太阳，流向地球，时 速 高 达 100万英里。这些粒子叫等离子体，来自太阳的等离子流叫太阳风。太阳活动越剧烈，太阳风越强烈。太阳风不断地流向地球，但是不必担心，因为有一个保护性的磁场包闹着我们的地球。使指南针指向北方的相同的磁场也把来自太阳的粒子导向地球的南北两极。这些受控的粒子被吸附在地球周围的磁场。当强大的太阳风侵入地球磁场时，首先磁场受到挤压，接着磁场磁力线断开又闭合。磁场磁力线的断开和闭合产生叫做电子的原子粒子，被截留在磁场，落入地球两极的大气层。等离子流的电子进入地球，与大气层的气体分子发

41、生碰撞，在天空中产生光芒。每一种大气层的气体产生不同颜色的光。氧和氮发红绿光，氮气发蓝紫光。当这些不同的颜色在夜空中闪烁跳跃时，形成了北极光和南极光。看极光是很有意思也很令人振奋的。然而通常只有在极北面，像阿拉斯加州和加拿大等地方才能看到。横过天空的极光移动速度通常很慢，用肉眼就能很轻易地观测到。而他们还能跳动、闪烁甚至像波一样流动。在太阳风暴达到陶高峰的期间，明亮的北极光甚至在位于极南面的佛罗里达州乃至墨西哥都能看到。极光似乎很接近地面，但是均靠近地面的极光离地面也有100公里，比云层部高，飞机也无法到达。一条典型的极光带有数千公里长，几百公里高，但是只有几百米厚。希望你在有生之年至少去极北

42、面像北极圈等地区旅游一次，看看北极光。此次经历必将使你终生难忘。+第十四篇 Stage FrightlFall down as you come onstage.Thats an odd trick.Not recommended.But it saved the pianist Vladimir Feltsmanwhen he was a teenager back in Moscow.The veteran cellist Mstislav Rostropovich tripped him purposely to cure him ofpre-perfbrmance panic,2 Mr

43、.Feltsman said,A ll my fright was gone.I already fell.What else could happen?”Today,music schools arc addressing the problem of anxiety in classes that deal with performance techniques andcareer preparation.There are a variety of strategies that musicians can learn to fight stage fright and its symp

44、toms:icyfingers,shaky limbs,racing heart,blank mind.3Teachers and psychologists ofier wide-ranging advice,from basics like learning pieces inside out,4 to mentaldiscipline,such as visualizing a performance and taking steps to relax.Dont deny that youre jittery,they urge;someexcitement is natural,eve

45、n necessary for dynamic playing.And play in public often,simply fbr the experience.Psychotherapist Diane Nichols suggests some strategics fbr the moments before performance,“Take two deepabdominal breaths,open up your shoulders,then smile/she says.And not one of these 4please dont kill me smiles.The

46、nchoose three friendly faces in the audience,people you would communicate with and make music to,and make eye contactwith them.,She doesnt want performers to think of the audience as a judge.Extreme demands by mentors or parents are often at the root of stage fright,says Dorothy Delay,a well-known v

47、iolinteacher.She tells other teachers to demand only what their students are able to achieve.When Lynn Harrell was 20 he became the principal cellist of the Clcvcrland Orchestra,and he suffered extreme stagefright.4tThcre were times when I got so nervous I was sure the audience could see my chest re

48、sponding to the throbbing.Itwas just total panic.I came to a point where I thought/If I have to go through this to play music.I think Im going to lookfor another job.v5 Recovery,he said,involved developing humi 1 ity-recognizing that whatever his talent,he was fallible*andthat an imperfect concert w

49、as not a disaster.6It is not only young artists who suffer,of course.The legendary pianist Vladimir Horowitzs nerves were famous.Thegreat tenor Franco Corelli is another example.They had to push him on stage,“Soprano Renata Scotto recalled.Actually success can make things worse.In the beginning of y

50、our career,when youre scared to death,nobody knowswho you arc.and they dont have any expectations/Soprano June Anderson said.Theres less to lose.Later on,whenyoure known,people are coming to see you,and they have certain expectations.You have a lot to lose.”Anderson added I never stop being nervous