初三全程英语知识点总结.docx

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1、初三全程英语知识点总结 到了我们初三的学生们了，看我给大家打算了什么，接下来，我给大家打算了初三全程英语学问点总结,欢迎大家参考与借鉴。 初三全程英语学问点总结 初三年级(上) 【学问梳理】 I. 重点短语 1. at the moment 2. used1 to 3. for a while 4. walk away with sth. 5. leave for some place 6. sooner or later 7. pay for 8. come up with an idea 9. think of 10. have a try 11. all over the world 1

2、2. be famous for 13. large numbers of 14. all the year round 15. no matter what 16. give up 17. for example 18. by the way 19. on business 20. so far 21. come true 22. set off 23. slow down 24. go on doing 25. wait for 26. be proud of 27. be afraid of 28. speak highly2 of 29. a year and a half 30. h

3、alf a year 31. pick up 32. as soon as 33. keep… clean 34. take care of 35. cut down 36. make a contribution3 to 37. base4 on 38. make sure 39. take away 40. begin with 41. right now 42. as soon as possible 43. leave a message 44. all kinds of things 45. walk around 46. fall asleep 47. wake up

4、 48. go on a trip 49. have a good time 50. take photos 51. come out 52. come on 53. have a family meeting 54. talk about 55. go for a holiday 56 go scuba5 diving6 57. write down 58. by oneself7 59. walk along 60. get a chance to do sth 61. have a wonderful time 62. book a room 63. have an accident 6

5、4. be interested in 65. use sth. to do sth. 66. make a TV show 67. be amazed8 at 68. take part in 69. feed on 70. get out of II. 重要句型 1. Why don’t you do sth.? 2. make sb. Happy 3. borrow sth. from sb. 4. forget to do sth. 5. pay fro sth. 6. return sth. To sb. 7. learn sth. from sb. 8. be famo

6、us for sth. 9. No matter what… 10. be with sb. 11. go on doing sth. 12. speak highly of sb. 13. keep doing sth. 14. allow sb. To do sth. 15. encourage sb. to do sth. 16. It is said that… III. 交际用语 1. - Excuse me, have you got …? - Yes, I have. (Sorry, I haven’t.) 2. - Why

7、don’t you …? - Thanks, I will. 3. - Thanks a lot. (Thank you very much.) - You are welcome. 4. - Have you ever done…? - Yes, I have, once. (No, never.) 5. - I’ve just done… - Really? 6. -What’s …like ? 7. - How long have you been…? - Since…

8、 8. - Have you ever been to…? - I’ve never been there. (None of us has./ Only …has. ) 9. - Would you like to have a try? - I don’t think I can… 10. - What have you done since…? 11. - How long have you been at this …? - For… 12. - How long has she

9、/ he worked there…? - She’s / He’s worked there for… / all her / his life. 13. - I’m sorry he isn’t here right now. 14. - May I help you? 15. - That’s very kind of you. 16. -Could we go scuba diving? 17. - Could you tell us how long we’re going to be

10、 away? 18. - Let’s try to find some information about it, OK? 19. - Could you please tell me how to search the Internet? 20. - Go straight along here. 21. -Please go to Gate 12. 22. - Please come this way. 23. - Could you tell me what you think about Hainan Island? 24. - That sounds really coo

11、l! IV. 重要语法 1. 宾语从句 2. 现在完成时 3. 一般过去时与现在完成时的用法比较： 【名师讲解】 1. Maybe/ may be (1) maybe是副词，意思是“也许，或许”，常用作状语。 Maybe you put it in your bag.或许你把它放在包里了。 “Will he come tomorrow?”“Maybe not.” “他明天来吗?”“或许不”。 (2) may be相当于是情态动词may与be动词搭配一起作谓语，意思是“或许是…，可能是…”。 It may be 9:00 when they arrive.他们可能于九

12、点到达。 The man may be a lawyer. 那人或许是律师。 2. borrow/ lend/ keep/ use (1) borrow表示的是从别人那里借来东西，即我们通常所说的“借进来”。 We often borrow books from our school library.我们常常从学校图书馆借书。 I borrowed this dictionary from my teacher. 我从老师那儿借来了这本字典。 borrow是一个瞬间完成的动作，因此不能与时间段连用。 You can borrow my recorder for three days. ( 错误

13、 ) I have borrowed this book for only one week. ( 错误 ) (2) lend表示的是把自己的东西借给别人，即我们通常所说的“借出去”。 Thank you for lending me your bike.感谢你把自行车借给我。 He often lends money to his brother.他常常借钱给他弟弟。 lend与borrow一样，也是一个瞬间完成的 动作，不能与一段时间连用。 (3) keep的意思也是“借”，但一般是指借来后的保存或运用阶段，是一段持续的时间，因此可以与时 间段连用。 You can keep my rec

14、order for three days.我的录音机你可以借用三天。 I have kept this book for only one week.这本书我才刚借了一星期。 (4) use也可以当“借用”讲，但它的本意是“用，运用”。 May I use your ruler? 我能借你的尺子用一下吗? He had to use this public telephone.他不得不运用这部公用电话。 3. leave/ leave for (1) leave意思是“离开，留下”。 We left Shanghai two years ago.我们两年前离开了上海。 He left his

15、cell9 phone in the taxi last week.他上周把手机落在出租车里了。 (2) leave for意思是“前往”，表示要去的目的地。 We will leave for Tibet10 next month.我们将于下月去西藏。 The train is leaving for Moscow.这趟火车即将开往莫斯科。 4. since/ for (1) since用于完成时态，既能用作介词，也能用作连词，后常接时间点，意思是“自从”。 He has been a worker since he came into this city. 自从他来到这个城市，他就是工人了

16、。 I have never seen him since we last met in Shanghai . 自从我们上次在上海见过之后，我再也没见过他。 since作连词，还有“既然”的意思。 Since you are interested in it, just do it. 既然你对它感爱好，那就做吧。 You can have fun now since you’ve finished your work. 既然你已经做完了功课，就快乐玩会儿吧。 (2) for用于完成时，用作介词，后常接一段时间，意思是“经过…”。 I have learned11 En

17、glish for five years.我已经学了五年英语了。 They have waited for you for 30 minutes.他们已经等了你三非常钟了。 for也可以用作连词，但意思是“因为”。 They missed the flight for they were late.他们由于完到了而误了航班。 He fell ill for many reasons.他由于多种缘由病倒了。 5. neither/ either/ both (1) neither作代词是对两者都进行否定，意思为“两者都不”，作主语时谓语动词用单数. Neither of the boys is

18、from England.这两个男孩都不是来自英国。 I know neither of them. 他们两个我都不相识。 neither用作形容词，也修饰单数名词，意思与作代词时相同;用作连词时，一般与nor搭配，表示 “既不…也不”。作主语时，谓语动词也遵循就近原则。 She neither ate nor drank yesterday. 她昨天既不吃也不喝。 Neither he nor we play football on Sundays. 他和我们星期天都不踢球。 (2) either作代词时，是指两者中的随意一方,(两者之)每一个，故作主语时谓语动词用单数. Ei

19、ther of the books is new.这两本书任何一本都是新的. She doesn’t like either of the films.这两部电影她都不喜爱. either作形容词, 用来修饰单数名词,意思与作介词时相同. Either school is near my home. (这两所学校中的)任何一所学校都离我家很近. Either question is difficult.两个问题(中的任何一个)都难. either作连词时,一般与or搭配,表示两者选其一，意思是“不是…就是”。作主语时，谓语动词遵循就近原则。 Either he or

20、I am right.不是他就是我是对的。 Either my sister or my parents are coming to see me.不是我姐姐就是我父母要来 看我。 (3) both作代词时，指的是所涉及到的“两者都”, 故作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。 I like both of the stories.这两个故事我都喜爱。 Both of my parents are teachers.我父母两人都是老师。 both作形容词时，用来修饰两者,意思与作代词时相同. Both his arms are hurt.他的两只胳膊都受伤了。 Both these students

21、are good at English. 这两个学生都擅长英语。 both用作连词时，多与and搭配，表示“既…又, 不仅…而且”, 作主语时,谓语动词仍用复数形式。 Both piano and violin are my bobbies.钢琴和小提琴都是我的爱好。 They study both history and physics. 他们既学历史，又学物理。 6. find/look for/ find out (1) find强调找的结果，意思是“找到”。此外还有“发觉，发觉”的意思，后可接宾语从句。 Jim couldn’t find his

22、 hat.吉姆找不着帽子了。 Have you found your lost keys? 你找到丢失的钥匙了吗? He found the lights were on along the street.他发觉沿街的灯都亮了 (2) look for的意思为“找寻”，指的是找的动作而非结果。另外，还有“盼望，期盼”的意思。 She is looking for her son.她正在找她的儿子。 We’ve been looking for the car since early this morning.我们从今日一大早就起先找这辆车了。 I look for the comi

23、ng holiday.我期盼着即将来临的假期。 (3) find out含有经过视察、探讨或探究而得知的意思，后常接较抽象的事物，意思是“找出，发觉，查明(真相)”等。 I can find out who took my money away.我能查出谁拿了我的钱。 Could you find out when the plane arrives? 你能设法知道飞机何时到吗? 7. forget to do/ forget doing (1) forget to do是指遗忘去做某件事了，即该事还没有做。 Please don’t forget to call this aft

24、ernoon.今日下午不要忘了给我打电话。 I forgot to take some small change with me.我身上忘了带零钱了。 (2) forget doing是指遗忘某件已经做过的事情，即该事已经做了，但被遗忘了。 He forgot telling me his address.他忘了告知过我地址了。 They forgot having been here before.他们忘了以前曾来过这儿。 8. stop doing/ stop to do (1) stop doing是指停止做某事，即doing这个动作不再接着。 They stopped debating

25、12.他们停止了辩论。(不辩论了) He had to stop driving as the traffic lights changed in to red. 由于交通灯变成了红色，他不得不停车。 (2) stop to do是指停下来起先做另一件事，即停止原先的事，起先做do这个动作。 She stopped to have a rest.她停下来休息会儿。(起先休息) They stopped to talk.他们停下来起先交谈。 9. except/ besides (1) except是指不包括后面所提人或物在内的“除了”，可以理解为“撇开…不谈”,表示两部分的不同。

26、 Everyone is excited except me. 除我以外的每个人都很激烈。(他们激烈，而我却不激烈) All the visitors are Japanese except him. 除他以外的全部游客都是日本人。(其他人是日本人，可他不是) (2)besides是包括后面所提人或物在内的“除了”，可以理解为“除之外…还、除之外…又”，表示两部分 的相像性。 Twenty-five students went to the cinema besides him. 除他以外，还有25个学生去看了电影。(他和另外25人都去了) We like biol

27、ogy besides English. 除了英语外，我们还喜爱生物。(生物和英语都喜爱) besides还可用作副词，意思是“此外;而且”，常用于句首或句尾。 He is a great thinker13, and besides, he is a politician14. 他是一名宏大的思想家，除此以外，他还是一位政治家。 They encouraged me, and they supported me with money, besides. 他们不仅激励我，而且与我以金钱上的支持。 10. keep doing/ keep on doing (1) keep doing指的是连续

28、地、坚持不断地做某事，中间不间断。 It kept blowing for a whole day.刮了一成天风了。 The temperature keeps dropping.温度持续下降。 (2) keep on doing是指反复坚持做某事，但动作之间略有间隔。 They have kept on writing to each other for many years.他们已经相互通信多年了。 After drinking some water, he kept on talking.喝了一些水后，他坚持讲话。 11. seem/ look (1) seem一般着重于以客观迹象为依据

29、，意思是“好像、好象、看起来…”。 The baby seems to be happy.婴儿看上去好像很兴奋。 He seemed to be sorry for that.他好像为那件事感到愧疚。 seem能与to do结构连用，而look不能。 It seems to rain. 好像要下雨了。 They seemed to have finished their work.他们好像已经完成了工作。 在it作形式主语的句型中只能用seem。 It seems that he is quite busy now.他现在看起来很忙。 It seems to us that th

30、ere is nothing serious.在我看来没什么大不了的。 (2) look用作“看起来;似乎”时，常从物体的外观或样貌上来推断，是以视觉所接受的印象为依据的。 The room looks clean.这间房看起来很干净。 The girl looks like her mother.那女孩看起来向她的妈妈。 12. such/ so (1)such常用作形容词，用来修饰名词。 Don’t be such a fool.别这么傻。 He is such a clever boy.他是如此聪慧的一个男孩。 (2) so是副词，用来修饰形容词或副词。 He is so k

31、ind! 他真好心! Why did you come so late? 你为何回来得如此晚? 当名词前有many, much, few, little等表示多、少时，应当用so。 He has so many friends.他有如此多的挚友。 Only so little time is left! 才剩这么一点儿时间! 13. either/ too/ also (1)either用作“也”时是副词，常用于否定句句尾。 She is not a Japanese, I’m not, either.她不是日本人，我也不是。 My sister doesn’t lik

32、e this song, either.我妹妹也不喜爱这首歌。 (2)too常用于确定句或疑问句尾，表示“也”。 He likes China, too.他也喜爱中国。 Are you in Grade 3, too? 你也在三年级吗? (3)also也常用于确定句或疑问句，但一般位于句中。 We are also students.我们也是学生。 He also went there on foot.他也是走着去的。 Did you also want to have a look? 你也想看看吗? 14. if/ whether 在下列状况下只能用whether而非if： (1)与or n

33、ot连用时，只能用whether. We want to know whether you are ill or not. 我们想知道你是否生病了。 Please tell me whether or not you have finished your work. 请告知我们你是否完成了工作。 (2)后接动词不定式时，只能用whether. Adam didn’t know whether to go or stay.亚当不知道是走还是留。 He hasn’t decided15 whether to have dinner with me.他还没确定是否和我共进晚

34、餐。 (3)所引导的宾语从句放在主句之前时，只能用whether. Whether it will rain or snow, we don’t mind. 我们不在乎将要刮风还是下雨。 Whether I won or lost, she didn’t want to know.我是赢是输她不想知道。 (4)引导主语从句或表语从句时，一般用whether. The most important was whether they had gone.最重要的是他们是不是已经 走了。 Whether he will go with me is a secret.他是否会和我

35、一起去还是个隐私。 if能引导条件状语从句，表示“假如，假如”，而whether没有此用法。 We’ll have a football match if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.假如明天不下雨，我们 要进行足球赛。 I’ll tell him if I sees him.我望见他就告知他。 If you’re in danger, please call 110.假如你遇到危急，请拨打110。 15. cost/ spend/ pay/ take (1) cost一般用某物来做主语，表示“(某物)值…、花

36、费…”，既能指花费时 间也能指金钱。 The new bike costs me 300 yuan.这辆新自行车花了我三百元。 It will cost you a whole to read through this book.通读这本书将会花费你整整 一周时间。 cost 还可以用作名词，表示“成本、费用、价格、代价”等。 What’s the cost of this TV set? 这台电视机的成本是多少钱? They succeeded at the cost of hard work.他们辛苦地工作换来的胜利。 (2) spend一般用某人来作主语，表示“

37、(某人)花费…，付出…”，也能指时间或金钱，指时间时常与in搭配，指金钱时常与on或for搭配。 We spent two days in repairing this machine.我们花了两天时间修理这台机器。 Mr. Lee spends $20 on books every month.李先生每月花二十美元在书上。 (3) pay用作动词时，一般也以某人作主语，但一般指花钱、付款等，很少用来指花费时间。常与for搭配运用。 They paid 70 yuan for the tickets.他们花了七十元买票。 He was too poor to pay

38、 for his schooling16.他穷得交不起学费。 pay还可以用作名词，意思为“薪水、工资”等。 It’s hard for me to live with such low pay.我很难靠这么低的薪水生活下去。 (4)take也指“花费(时间、金钱)”，但通常用某事、某物做主语，或用形式主语it. How long will the meeting take? 会议要开多久? It took me several hours to get there. 我花了几个小时才到那儿。 16. bad/ badly 这两个词的意思含有“坏、糟、严峻”等意思，且它们有共同的比

39、较级worse和最高级worst 。 (1) bad是一个形容词，意思是“坏的，糟糕的，差的，严峻的”。 I don’t think he is a bad person.我并不认为他是一个坏人。 I had a bad headache.我的头疼得很厉害。 (2)badly是一个副词，意思是“不好地，差”，也可以表示程度，意为“严峻地，特别，极度”。 We need help badly.我们急需帮助。 His arm was badly hurt.他的胳膊严峻受伤了。 17. interested/ interesting (1) interested是指“对…产

40、生爱好的，对…感爱好的”，一般用人做主语，后常用介词in. He was interested in biology before.他以前对生物感爱好。 I’m not interested in art.我对艺术不感爱好。 (2)interesting的意思是“好玩的”，指能够给人带来爱好的某人或某事物。 He is an interesting old man.他是个好玩的老头。 The interesting story attracted me. 这个好玩的故事吸引了我。 18. dead/ die/ death/ dying17 (1) dead是形容词，意思为“死了的、无生命的”，表示状态，可以与一段时间连用。 The tree has been dead for ten years.这棵树死了有十年了。 The rabbits are all dead. 这些兔子都是死的。 (2) die是动词，