松花江微型汽车变速器设计毕设论文.doc
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1、摘 要 汽车变速器是汽车总成部件中的重要组成部分,是主要的传动系统。变速器的结构对汽车的动力性、经济性、操纵的可靠性与轻便性、传动的平稳性与效率等都有直接影响。 本次设计主要是依据哈飞HFJ6351B的有关参数,通过变速器各部分参数的选择和计算,设计出一种基本符合要求的手动变速器。研究的基本内容为:变速器传动机构布置方案,变速器各挡传动比的分配,变速器齿轮参数选择,变速器各挡齿轮齿数分配,变速器齿轮设计计算,变速器轴和轴承的设计计算,同步器和操纵机构及箱体的设计,利用Auto CAD软件绘制装配图和零件图等八项内容。在设计过程中主要需解决的问题有:变速器各参数的确定,变速器齿轮的设计、计算及校
2、核,变速器轴的设计、计算及校核和轴承的校核计算,同步器和操纵机构及箱体的设计以及绘制装配图及零件图五大主要问题。关键词:变速器;传动比;参数;设计计算AbstractAutomotive transmission parts in the automobile assembly of an important part of the main drive system. Transmission of the power structure of the vehicle, economy , manipulation of the reliability and portability, th
3、e smooth drive and have a direct impact on efficiency. The design is mainly based on the relevant parameters Hafei HFJ6351B through the transmission parameters of the various parts of the selection and terms designed to meet the requirements of a basic manual transmission. Research on the basic cont
4、ent for: transmission transmission layout program block transmission of the transmission ratio of the distribution, transmission gear selection parameters, transmission gear unit of the block distribution, design and calculation of transmission gear, transmission shaft and bearing design, the synchr
5、onization and manipulation of body and tank design, the use of Auto CAD software draw assembly drawings and parts of eight elements, such as Fig. During the design process, the main issues to be addressed are: the determination of parameters of transmission, gear transmission design, calculation and
6、 checking, transmission shaft of the design, calculation and check calculation and design of bearings, synchronization and manipulation of bodies and body the design and assembly drawings and parts mapping the top five major problems Fig.Key words: Transmission;Transmission Ratio;Parameters;Design a
7、nd Calculation目 录摘要IAbstractII第1章 绪论11.1 汽车变速器概述11.2 汽车变速器设计的目的和意义21.3 汽车变速器国内外现状和发展趋势21.3.1 变速器国内外的现状21.3.2 汽车变速器的发展趋势31.4 手动变速器的特点和设计要求及内容41.4.1 手动变速器的特点41.4.2 手动变速器的设计要求51.4.3 设计的主要内容6第2章 变速器传动机构布置方案确定72.1 设计所依据的主要技术参数72.2 变速器传动机构的结构分析和形式选择72.2.1 两轴式变速器的特点分析82.2.2 中间轴式变速器特点分析92.2.3 倒挡布置方案分析102.2.
8、4 传动机构布置的其他问题112.3 零部件结构方案分析122.3.1 齿轮形式122.3.2 换挡机构形式122.3.3 防止自动脱挡的结构132.3.4 变速器轴承142.4 本设计所采用的传动机构布置方案142.5 本章小结16第3章 变速器主要参数的选择和齿数分配173.1 变速器各挡传动比的确定173.1.1 变速器最低挡传动比的确定173.1.2 变速器其他各挡传动比的确定183.2 中心距的确定193.3 变速器外形尺寸的初选193.4 变速器齿轮参数的选择203.4.1 模数203.4.2 齿形、压力角及螺旋角203.4.3 齿宽213.4.4 齿顶高系数223.5 变速器各挡
9、齿轮齿数的分配223.5.1 确定一挡齿轮的齿数223.5.2 对中心距进行修正243.5.3 确定常啮合齿轮的齿数243.5.4 确定其他各挡齿轮的齿数263.6 本章小结29第4章 变速器齿轮的设计计算304.1 变速器齿轮的几何尺寸计算304.2 计算变速器各轴的扭矩和转速314.3 齿轮的强度计算和材料选择324.3.1 齿轮损坏的原因和形式324.3.2 齿轮的材料选择334.3.3 齿轮的强度计算344.4 本章小结46第5章 变速器轴和轴承的设计计算475.1 初选变速器轴的轴径和轴长475.2 轴的结构设计485.3 变速器轴的强度计算485.3.1 齿轮和轴上的受力计算485
10、.3.2 轴的强度计算505.3.3 轴的刚度计算555.4 变速器轴承的选择和校核595.4.1 第一轴轴承的选择和校核595.4.2 第二轴轴承的选择和校核605.4.3 中间轴轴承的选择和校核615.5 本章小结61第6章 同步器和操纵机构的设计选用626.1 同步器的设计选用626.1.1 锁环式同步器636.1.2 锁销式同步器646.1.3 锁环式同步器主要尺寸的确定656.1.4 同步器主要参数的确定666.2 变速器操纵机构的设计选用686.2.1 变速器操纵机构的分类686.2.2 变速器常用操纵机构分析706.3 变速器箱体的设计716.4 本章小结72结论73致谢74参考
11、文献75VCONTENTSAbstractIChapter 1 Introduction11.1 Overview of automotive transmission11.2 The purpose and significance of the automotive transmission design21.3 Automotive transmission domestic and foreign situation and development trend21.3.1 The status of the transmission at home and abroad21.3.2 T
12、he development trend of automobile transmission31.4 Manual transmission characteristics and design requirements and content41.4.1 Manual transmission characteristic41.4.2 The design requirements of the manual transmission51.4.3 The main content of the design6Chapter 2 Transmission transmission layou
13、t program to determine 72.1 The main technical parameters of the design is based on72.2 Transmission transmission structure and form of selection72.2.1 Analysis of characteristics of two-axis transmission82.2.2 Intermediate shaft transmission characteristics of92.2.3 Reverse gear layout program anal
14、ysis102.2.4 Transmission layout other issues112.3 Parts structure program analysis122.3.1 Gear in the form122.3.2 Shift institutional forms122.3.3 To prevent the automatic de-block structure132.3.4 Transmission bearings142.4 This design transmission layout used in program142.5 Chapter summary16Chapt
15、er 3 Choice and number of teeth allocation of transmission parameters173.1 Each block of the transmission gear ratio to determins173.1.1 The minimum transmission gear transmission ratio173.1.2 The other block transmission of the transmission ratio183.2 The determination of center distane193.3 Transm
16、ission dimensions of primaries193.4 Transmission gear selection of parameters203.4.1 Modulus203.4.2 Tooth pressure angle and helix angle203.4.3 Tooth width213.4.4 Tooth top of the high coefficient223.5 Transmission of each block the distribution of the gear teeth223.5.1 Determine the number of teeth
17、 of first gear223.5.2 Corrected to the center distance243.5.3 To determine the constant mesh gear teeth243.5.4 To determine the gear number of teeth263.6 Chapter summary29Chapter 4 The design of the tranmision gear304.1 The geometry of the transmission gear304.2 Calculate the transmission of torque
18、and rotational speed of each axis314.3 Gear strength calculations and material selection324.3.1 The caues and forms of gear damage324.3.2 Material selection of the gear334.3.3 Strength calculation of gears344.4 Chapter summary46Chapter 5 Transmission shaft and bearing design calculations475.1 Primar
19、y transmission axis of the shaft diameter and axial length475.2 The structural design of the shaft485.3 The strength of the transmission axis485.3.1 Gear and the shaft of the force calculation485.3.2 Axis intensity calculate505.3.3 Shaft stiffness calculate555.4 Selection and verification of the tra
20、nsmission bearing595.4.1 Selection and verification of the first shaft bearing595.4.2 Selection and verification of the second shaft bearing605.4.3 Selection and verification of the intermediate shaft bearings615.5 Chapter summary61Chapter 6 Synchronizer and the selection of the design of the contro
21、l mechanism626.1 Selection with the design of synchronizer626.1.1 Lock ring synchronizer636.1.2 Latch synchronizer646.1.3 Lock ring synchronizer determine the size of656.1.4 The main parameters of the synchronizer666.2 Design uses transmission control mechanism686.2.1 Classification of transmission
22、control agencies686.2.2 Analysis of transmission commonly used control mechanism706.3 The design of the transmission box716.4 Chapter summary72Conclusion73Thanks74References7576第1章 绪 论1.1 汽车变速器概述变速器用于转变发动机曲轴的转矩和转速,以适应汽车在起步、加速、行驶以及克服各种道路障碍等不同行驶条件下,对驱动车轮牵引力及车速不同要求的需要。用变速器转变发动机转矩、转速的必要性在于内燃机转矩-转速变化特性的特
23、点是具有相对小的对外部载荷改变的适应性1。变速器能使汽车以非常低的稳定车速行驶,而这种低的车速只靠内燃机的最低稳定车速是难以达到的。变速器的倒挡使汽车能倒退行驶;其空挡使汽车在启动发动机、停车和滑行时能长时间将发动机和传动系分离。变速器按其传动比的改变方式可分为有级、无级和综合式的。有级变速器按其前进挡的挡位数分为三、四、五挡和多挡的;而按其轴中心线的位置又可分为固定轴线式、旋转轴线式和综合式的。固定轴式变速器又分为两轴式、三轴式和多轴式的。变速器按其操纵方式又可分为自动式、半自动式、预选式、指令式、直接操纵式和远距离操纵式2。变速器的结构对汽车的动力性、经济性、操纵的可靠性与轻便性、传动的平
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