Unit 3 Grammar and usage 知识清单-高一下学期英语牛津译林版（2020）必修第三册.docx

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1、Unit 3 The world Online3.2 Grammar 动词-ing形式作定语、状语和宾语补足语知识精讲概 念动词ing形式包括现在分词和动名词，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。动词的ing形式保留着动词的若干特征，同时又具有形容词、副词、名词等特征，有时态和语态的变化形式。其时态和语态形式如下表所示。主动形式被动形式时态意义语态意义一般式否定式doingnot doingbeing donenot being done与谓语动词动作(几乎)同时发生主动形式：与句子主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系被动形式：与句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系完成式否定式having done

2、not having donehaving been donenot having been done明确表示先于谓语动词动作发生一、动词ing形式作定语动词ing形式作定语，有以下几种情况：1动词ing形式作定语的位置(1)单个动词ing形式作定语，常置于被修饰的名词之前。有些ing形式已转化为形容词，表示“令人”。He brought us surprising news.他给我们带来了惊人的消息。(2)动词ing形式短语作定语，常置于被修饰的名词之后。The students running along the street are from No.3 Middle School.沿着街

3、跑步的学生来自第三中学。Tell the boys playing over there not to make any noise.告诉那些在那儿玩的男孩别制造噪声。2动词ing形式作定语的用法动名词和现在分词都可以作定语，但有所区别。(1)动名词作定语表示被修饰词的某种性能或用途，相当于for引导的介词短语。No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading room.阅览室里不准大声说话。(2)现在分词作定语时，它和被修饰词之间有逻辑上的主动关系，表示所修饰词进行的动作，相当于一个定语从句。The boy playing football on

4、 the playground is my younger brother.The boy that/who is playing football on the playground is my younger brother.在操场上踢足球的那个男孩是我的弟弟。(3)动词ing形式作定语，也有被动形式。The topic being discussed at the moment is about music.现在正在讨论的话题是关于音乐的。注意：现在分词、过去分词和不定式作定语的一般区别：现在分词表示正在进行或习惯性的动作；过去分词表示被动或完成意义；不定式表示动作尚未发生。You sh

5、ould adapt to the changing situation.你应该适应不断变化的形势。The ground is covered with fallen leaves.地上满是落叶。Im looking for a room to live in.我正在找房子住。二、动词ing形式作状语1现在分词(短语)作状语的情况现在分词(短语)在句中作状语来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、让步、方式或伴随状况。(1)作时间状语When walking down the street, I came across Tom.= When I was walking

6、down the street, I came across Tom.沿街散步时，我偶然遇到了汤姆。When chatting with her, I found she had a gift for art.=When I was chatting with her, I found she had a gift for art聊天时，我发现她很有艺术天赋。(2)作原因状语Respecting his father, he didnt want to argue with him.Because he respected his father, he didnt want to argue

7、with him.因为尊重他的父亲，所以他不想和他争论。Not knowing her address, I had better telephone her to come over.As I dont know her address, I had better telephone her to come over.由于不知道她的地址，我还是打电话让她过来为好。(3)作条件状语Working hard, youll surely succeed.If you work hard, youll surely succeed.如果努力工作，你就一定会成功。Going straight down

8、 the road, you will find the canteen.If you go straight down the road, you will find the canteen.沿着这条路一直走，你就会找到食堂。(4)作结果状语He comes home very late every evening, making his wife very angry.He comes home very late every evening and it makes his wife very angry他每天晚上回家都很晚，这使他妻子很生气。(5)作让步状语Knowing where

9、I live, he never comes to see me.Though he knows where I live, he never comes to see me尽管知道我住哪儿，但他从不来看我。(6)现在分词作方式或伴随状语Morris lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time=Morris lay on the grass and stared at the sky for a long time.莫里斯躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。动词ing形式作状语时，相当于与之对应的状语从句。当作伴随状语及结果状语时，可转化

10、为并列谓语。l 动词-ing形式用作状语时，其逻辑主语与句子主语一致。Being tired, I asked John to have a rest. 错误Being tired, John had a rest. 正确l 独立主格结构：动词ing形式作状语，有时它也可以有自己的独立主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。The weather (fine),we went out for a walk.l 有些动词ing形式在句中没有逻辑主语，它们往往作为句子的评注性状语来修饰整个句子，表明说话者的态度，观点等。一般来说generally speaking, 从判断judging by/from

11、.从全盘考虑taking everything into consideration三、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语1. 动词-ing形式可在感官动词和表示心理状态的动词如see, observe, notice, watch, hear, smell, feel, find等后作宾语补足语，表示一个正在发生的或与主语(几乎)同时发生的主动动作，动作的逻辑是句子的宾语。I noticed Tom wan playing volleyball with his classmates.I found a bag lying on the ground.2. 动词-ing形式可在have ,keep

12、,leave,set,get等表示“使”“让”等动词后作宾语补足语。The boss kept the workers working the whole night.I cantgetthe clockgoingagain.四、动词ing作主语A. 一般形式：Coming to Hangzhou by train takes about 3 hoursB. it 作形式主语：It no use arguing with him.C. There be 句式：There is no harm in doing so.五、动词ing作表语A. 动名词（相当于名词） My favorite spo

13、rt is swimming. Their job is cleaning the window.B. 现在分词（相当于形容词） The food smells inviting. The reason he gave was very convincing.六、动词ing作宾语A. 动词/动词短语后 I suggest doing it in a different way. Glick had a bad accident two years ago and had to give up farming.类似的动词还有：admit 承认 appreciate 感激 avoid 避免 com

14、plete完成 consider认为delay 耽误deny 否认 detest 讨厌 endure 忍受 enjoy 喜欢 escape 逃脱 fancy 想象finish 完成 imagine 想象 mind 介意 miss 想念 postpone推迟 practice 训练recall 回忆 resent 讨厌 resume 继续 resist 抵抗 risk 冒险 suggest 建议face 面对 include 包括 stand 忍受 understand 理解 forgive 宽恕 keep 继续B. 介词后 I warned her against driving fast. Do you feel like eating out tonight?学科网（北京）股份有限公司