高考英语名词性从句运用分析讲义.docx

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1、高考英语名词性从句运用分析学习名词性从句应注意的两个问题一、词序问题名词性从句总是用陈述句词序，则不能使用疑问句词序，尤其是当名词性从句由“疑问词”引导时，不能受疑问句的影响而误用疑问句词序：误：I didnt know where did he live.正：I didnt know where he lived.我不知道他住哪儿。误：Who will he marry remains unknown.正：Who he will marry remains unknown.他同谁结婚还不知道。二、时态问题由于由when引导的时间状语从句和以if引导的条件状语从句要用现在时表示将来意义，而不能

2、直接使用将来时态，所以许多同学容易受此影响在when和if引导名词性从句时也用现在时表示将来意义。请看几题：(1)I dont know if he _ or not tomorrow.A.come B.comesC.will comeD.is coming此题答案选C，句中if引导的不是条件状语从句(if如果)，而是宾语从句(if是否)，句意为“我不知道明天他是否会来。”(2)I dont know if she _, but if she _ I will let you know.A.comes, comesB.will come, will comeC.comes, will come

3、D.will come, comes答案选D，第一个if引导的是宾语从句，第二个if引导的是条件状语从句。(3)“When he _ is not known yet.” “But when he _, he will be warmly welcomed.”A.comes, comesB.will come, will comeC.comes, will comeD.will come, comes答案选D，第一个when引导的是主语从句，第二个when引导的是时间状语从句。另外，当主句为过去时态时，宾语从句通常要用过去的某种时态与之呼应(表客观真理时除外)：The teacher told

4、 us that he knew everything.老师告诉我们他知道一切。Theteachertoldusthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.老师告诉我们光比声音传播得快。关系型what引导名词性从句的五种用法一、用法归纳1.表示“的东西或事情”：Theyve done what they can to help her.他们已经尽力帮助了她。He saves what he earns.他赚多少，积蓄多少。What Mary is is the secretary.玛丽的职务是秘书。2.表示“的人或的样子”：He is no longer what he w

5、as.他已经不是以前的那个样子。He is what is generally called a traitor.他就是人们通常所说的叛徒。Who is it that has made Fred what he is now?是谁把弗雷德培养成现在这个样子的？3.表示“的数量或数目”：Our income is now double what it was ten years ago.我们现在的收入是10年前的两倍。The number of the students in our school is ten times what it was before liberation.现在我校学

6、生的数量是解放前的10倍。4.表示“的时间”：After what seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile.似乎过了几个小时他才苦笑着出来。The young girl was too frightened to speak, standing there for what seemed like hours.小女孩吓得不敢说话，在那儿站了几个小时。5.表示“的地方”：This is what they call Salt Lake City.这就是他们称为盐湖城的地方。In 1492, Columbus reached what i

7、s now called America. 1492年哥伦布到达了现在所称的美洲大陆。二、用法说明(1)这样用的what相当于“先行词+关系代词”，所以其前不能有先行词：你喜欢什么就拿什么吧。正：You can have what you like. / You can have everything (that) you like.误：You can have everything what you like.(2)有时what可用作限定词，其后修饰一个名词：I gave him what books I had.我把我所有的书都给他了。He gave me what money he ha

8、d about him.他把身边带有的钱全给了我。(3)What后的名词可以是复数名词或不可数名词，但通常不能是单数可数名词：误：I gave him what book I had.(4)What后接不可数名词时，有时可有little修饰。注意区别：what+不可数名词=所有的都，what little+不可数名词=虽少但全部。如：I spent what time I had with her.我所有的时间都是与她一起度过的。I spent what little time I had with her.我仅有的一点时间都是与她一起度过的。whatever, whoever, whiche

9、ver引导名词性从句1. whatever引导的名词性从句Whatever的意思是“所的一切事或东西”，可视为what的强调说法，其含义大致相当于anything that，whatever在从句中可用作主语、宾语、定语：Whatever he did was right.无论他做什么都是对的。Give them whatever they desire.他们想要什么就给他们什么。I will just say whatever comes into my mind.我想到什么就说什么。Goats eat whatever (food) they can find.山羊找到什么(食物)就吃什么

10、(食物)。Im going to learn whatever my tutor wishes.我将学习任何我的导师愿意我学的东西。He does whatever she asks him to do.她要他做什么，他就做什么。Talk to me about whatever is troubling you.给我谈谈任何使你烦恼的事。One should stick to whatever one has begun.开始了的事就要坚持下去。She would tell him whatever news she got.她得到的任何消息都会告诉他。You can have whatev

11、er allowance you like.你想要多少津贴就给你多少津贴。2. whoever引导的名词性从句whoever的意思“任何的人”，在意义上大致相当于anybody who。whoever在从句中可用作主语或宾语：Ill take whoever wants to go.谁想去我就带谁去。She can marry whoever she chooses.她愿意嫁谁就嫁谁。Whoever wants the book may have it.任何人要这书都可拿去。Whoever comes will be welcome.谁来都欢迎。Whoever you invite will

12、be welcome.任何你邀请的人都欢迎。Whoever breaks this law deserves a fine.违反本法者应予以罚款。Ill give the ticket to whoever wants it.请想要这票，我就把它给谁。【注意】(1)whoever既用作主格也用作宾语(作宾语时不宜用whomever，因为在现代英语中whomever已几乎不用)。(2)注意以下受汉语意思影响而弄错的句子：误：Who wins can get a prize. / Anyone wins can get a prize.正：Whoever wins can get a prize.

13、 / Anyone who wins can a prize.谁赢了都可以获奖。3. whichever引导的名词性从句Whichever的意思“的那个人或事物”，在意义上大致相当于the person or the thing that。whichever在从句中可用作主语、宾语、定语：Buy whichever is cheapest.买最便宜的。Take whichever you like.哪个你喜欢你就拿哪个。Whichever you want is yours.你要哪个哪个就是你的。Ill take whichever books you dont want.你不要的任何书我都要

14、。Whichever (of you) comes in first will receive a prize.无论(你们)谁先到都可以得奖。Whichever of us gets home first starts cooking.我们当中无论哪个先到家，哪个就先开始做饭。【注意】whatever, whoever, whichever除用于引导的名词性从句外，还可用于引导状语从句，相当于no matter what (who, which)。如：Whatever happened I must be calm.不管发生什么情况我都要镇静。Dont lose heart whatever

15、difficulties you meet.一不管遇到什么困难都不要灰心。Ill post that letter whatever Wilson says.不管威尔逊说什么，这封信我都要发出去。He wont eat you, whoever he is.不管他是谁，他也不会吃了你。Whoever you are, you cant pass this way.不管你是谁，都不能从这里过去。Whoever rings, tell him Im out.不管谁来电话，都告诉他我不在家。Whichever side wins, I shall be satisfied.不管哪边赢，我都会感到满意

16、。It has the same result whichever way you do it.不管你怎么做结果都一样。Whichever you choose, they will be offended.不管你选哪个，他们都会不高兴。whether和if引导名词性从句的区别两者均可用于及物动词后引导宾语从句，表示“是否”，常可互换。但除此(用于动词后引导宾语从句)之外，在其他情况下表示“是否”时，通常要用whether而不用if，如用于引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、让步状语从句、与or连用分别引导两个分句等，或用于不定式前、用于介词后、直接与or not连用等等。如：Ask him

17、whether if he can come.问他能不能来。The question is whether he can do it.问题是他能不能做。Answer my question whether you can help him.回答我你是否能帮助他。It depends on whether the letter arrives in time.这取决于信是否来得及时。注：在某些动词后(如discuss等)通常只用whether。如：We discussed whether we should hold a meeting.我们讨论了是否要开一个会。that与whether (if

18、)引导名词性从句的区别两者均可引导宾语从句，也可引导语从句和表语从句(if通常不行)，但两者含义不同，whether (if)表示“是否”，that却不表示任何含义。在它们所引出的从句中，that表示一种肯定、明确的概念，而whether (if)则表示一种不肯定、不明确的概念。比较：Whether hell come is not known yet.他是否来还不清楚。That hell come is known to us all.我们都知道他会来。类似地，动词doubt (怀疑)后接宾语从句时，由于doubt的含义不确定，故通常用whether (if)来引导其宾语从句，但若doubt为否定式，则其后的宾语从句用that来引导。如：I doubt if you are honest.我怀疑你是否诚实。I dont doubt that you are honest.我不怀疑你是诚实的。学科网（北京）股份有限公司