高考英语语法：名词性从句运用及考点讲义.docx

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1、高中英语语法：名词性从句运用及考点名词性从句的基本定义名词性从句，从字面意义上看，它在句子中相当于名字的作用。名词性从句是历年高考的重点和难点也是热点。它的英文名称是Noun clause。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组， 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等。因此，根据它在句子中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。例如：1. The trouble is that I have lost his address.麻烦的是我把他的地址丢了。2. My suggestion is that we should tell him.我的建

2、议是我们应该告诉他。3. You are not who I thought you were.你已不是我过去所想像的人。4. The problem is who we can get to replace her.问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。5. Thats where I first met her.那就是我第一次遇见她的地方。6. It isnt as if you were going away for ever.又不是你离开不回来了。7. Now it was as though she had known Millie for years.现在好像她认识米莉已有好多年了似的。8

3、. It is not as though we were poor.又不是我们家里穷。9. That he is still alive is a wonder.他还活着，真是奇迹。10. That we shall be late is certain.我们要晚了，这是确定无疑的。名词性从句分类根据从句在主句中所做的成分，名词性从句可以分为以下4种：例如：（1）That the seas are being over fished has been known for years. 海洋正在被人们过渡捕捞，许多年来这已是尽人皆知的事情了。（2）I have learned that lov

4、e, not time, heals all wounds. 我明白了是爱，而不是时间能治愈一切创伤。（3）The reason for my return is that I left my keys behind. 我又回来，是因为我忘带钥匙了。（4）An idea came to her that she might do the experiment in another way. 她突然想到，她可以换个方法做实验。名词性从句的重要引导词1. what 用于引导名词性从句是一个十分重要的引导词，它可引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句，但不用于引导同位语从句。它引导的名词性从句有两个意思是

5、：一是表示“什么”，带有疑问意味;二是表示“所的”，相当于一个先行词后接一个关系代词。如：I dont know what you want. 我不知道你想要什么。I dont know what you want is this. 我不知道你所想要的是这个。2. what 引导名词性从句时可用作限定词，其后修饰名词。如：I gave him what books I had. 我把我所有的书都给他了。He gave me what money he had about him. 他把身边带有的钱全给了我。注：what 后的名词可以是复数名词或不可数名词，但通常不能是单数可数名词，并且后接不可

6、数名词时，有时可有little修饰，两者的区别是：what+不可数名词=所有的都，what little+不可数名词=虽少但全部。如：What friends she has are out of the country. 她有的那些朋友全在国外。We gave him what (little) help we could. 我们给了他我们力所能及的帮助。3. whoever, whatever, whichever 等也可引导名词性从句，其意分别为“所的一切事或东西”、“任何的人”、“的任可人或物”等。如：Whoever wants the book may have it. 任何人要这书

7、都可拿去。Ill do whatever I can to help him. 我们将尽我们所能来挽救他。Buy whichever is cheapest. 买最便宜的。注意以下受汉语意思影响而弄错的句子：任何人来都欢迎。误：Who comes will be welcome. / Anyone comes will be welcome.正：Whoever comes will be welcome. / Anyone who comes will be welcome.另外，它们也可引导让步状语从句，其意为“无论”、“不管”，其意相当于 no matter who what, which

8、。如：Whatever happens, you must be calm. 不管发生什么情况，你都必须镇静。(whatever = no matter what)He wont eat you, whoever he is. 不管他是谁，他也不能把你吃掉。(whoever = no matter who)注：whoever 既用作主格也用作宾语;作宾语时不宜用 whomever，因为在现代英语中 whomever 这个已几乎废弃不用。4.why 与 because 的用法区别。两者均可引导表语从句，但前者强调结果，后者强调的原因。如：I had a cold. Thats why I did

9、nt come. 我感冒了，因此我没来。I didnt come. Thats because I had a cold. 我没有来，那是因为我感冒了。名词性从句学习中的易错点总结在学习名词性从句之前，我们首先要明白一个词：复合句什么叫复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句。在复合句中主句是全句的主体，从句是全句的一个成分，不能独立。从句通常是用关联词来引导的。在这里关联词还起联系从句和主句的作用。一、从句的种类： 主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，定语从句和状语从句二、名词性从句的连接词1. 单纯连词在从句中不补充当任何成分，只起到连接从句的功能。that 没有实际

10、意义，而whether/ if 在句子中表示“是否” 的意义。Eg : That the prices of rice will go up is certain. (that引导主语从句，补充当任何成分) He asked if I could come to see him this weekend. 形式主语it 代替主语从句位于句首时，常见的几种情况： It + adj +that 从句(大多数情况下that从句后用should+动词原形) Adj: necessary right clear unlikely strange obvious natural important Eg:

11、 It is necessary to learn English well. It +系动词+名词+that 从句 Non: a pity an honor good news a wonder a fact no wonder no surpeise Eg: It is a fact that you are a good boy. It +be + 过去分词+that从句 过去分词：said / heard/ reported/ told/ decided/suggested/thought/considered/ hoped/ announced Eg: It is announced

12、 that the plan has been canceled. 注意： It + be+ suggested/ advised/ ordered/ requested/ insisted/ demand+ that从句， that从句要用should +动词原形，should可以省略。 Eg: It is suggested that you (should ) spend more time in studying English . 当suggest表示“表明”时，不可以用虚拟语气 Eg: It suggests that you are an honest boy. Insist 表

13、示“坚持某种说法（事情已经发生过了）”，不用虚拟语气。 表示“坚持要做（事情没有发生）”，要用虚拟语气。 Eg: she insisted that I have never done such thing . She insisted that I study abroad. It +动词（+宾语或状语）+that 从句 动词如： appear(显得)/ happen(碰巧)/ matter(重要)/ occur(出现)/ turn out(结果是) Eg: It happened to me that I was away when he came.主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况： 注意：

14、 （1）if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 （2）It is said /reported?结构中的主语从句不可提前。 正确表达：It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week. 错误表达：That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. （3）It happens/occurs?结构中的主语从句不可提前。 正确表达：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. 错误表达：T

15、hat he failed in the examination occurred to him. （4）It doesnt matter how/whether ?结构中的主语从句不可提前。 正确表达：It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not. 错误表达：Whether he is wrong or not doesnt matter. （5）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。 正确表达：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? 错误表达：Is that will rain in

16、the evening likely?趣味了解名词性从句知识在学习名词性从句时，首先要明白什么叫复合句？由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句。在复合句中主句是全句的主体，从句是全句的一个成分，不能独立。从句通常是用关联词来引导的。在这里关联词还起联系从句和主句的作用。主句:所要说的主要内容.通常可以独立存在.从句: 用句子来充当了主句中的某一个成分.不能独立存在。复合句:名词性从句,定语从句,状语从句名词性从句: 在句子中起名词作用的句子. 名词可以充当主语,宾语,表语名词性从句:主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句主语从句: 在复合句中充当主语成分的句子句子结构：主谓主系表 主谓宾 主谓间宾直宾主谓宾宾补It is right.Whatever you did is right. 引导主语从句的连词主要有：从属代词：that whether连接代词：whom whose who what which whoever whatever whichever连接副词：when where how why学科网（北京）股份有限公司