Unit 2 Understanding each other 词汇（上）讲义-高中英语牛津译林版（2020）选择性必修第四册.docx

《Unit 2 Understanding each other 词汇（上）讲义-高中英语牛津译林版（2020）选择性必修第四册.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《Unit 2 Understanding each other 词汇（上）讲义-高中英语牛津译林版（2020）选择性必修第四册.docx（5页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、选修性必修第四册 U2 词汇解析1. react /rikt/ vi.（ 对）作出反应；有不良反应，过敏；起化学反应 react to sth. 对.作出反应 react with. 与.有化学反应变形：reaction n. the reaction to sth. 对.的反应 in reaction to 对.作出回应/反应=in response to. Someone allergic(过敏的) to milk is likely to react to cheese.2. gentle /dentl/ adj. 温柔的；温和的；柔和的 give the baby a gentle p

2、at 轻轻地拍拍孩子变形：gently adv. 变化同true-truly gentleness n. 温顺；亲切；高贵；彬彬有礼3. encode /nkd/ vt. 把编码；把译成电码（或密码）反义词decode v.解码4. mail /mel/ n. 电子邮件；邮政；邮件 send sth. by mail Please mail these letters for me. (v. 邮寄)5. feedback /fidbk/ n. 反馈的意见（或信息）不可数名词 The company welcomes feedback from people who uses the goods

3、 it produces. feed back to sb. (v.) 反馈给某人 The information is fed back to the government department concerned.6. competent /kmptnt/ adj. 足以胜任的，有能力的，称职的 反义词：incompetent adj. be competent to do sth. be competent for/in 胜任相关词：competently adv. competence n. the competence to do sth./in doing sth compete-

4、competition-competitor-competitive7. obtain /bten/ vt. 获得，赢得 obtain permission to do sth变形：obtainable adj. 可获得的，可得到的8. suit /sut/ vt. 满足需要；相配，合身 n. 套装，西装，西服 suit sth to sth/sb 使适合（或适应）某事物（或人） follow suit 跟着做；学样变形：suitable adj. 适宜的，合适的 be suitable for sb; be suitable to do sth【区分】suit作动词时，主要指“款式颜色”等相

5、配合身；fit表示“大小尺寸”合身9. negotiate /niet/ vi. & vt. 谈判；商定，达成（协议） negotiate with sb. about sth. 就某事和某人进行谈判协商变形：negotiation n. negotiator n. 协商者，谈判代表 negotiable adj. 可以商讨解决的 under negotiation 在协商/谈判中 in negotiation with. 和协商/谈判中 be open to negotiation 可以协商 kick off/enter into/open/conduct negotiations with

6、 sb. 和某人开始/展开/进行谈判10. enterprise /entpraz/ n. 公司，企业；规划，事业，事业心，进取心 state-owned / public enterprises 国有企业，国营企业 a spirit of enterprise 进取精神11. straightforward /stretfwd/ adj. 坦诚的；简单的 straightforwardness n. in a straightforward manner 以直截了当的方式=straightforwardly adv.12. fold /fld/ vt. 折叠，对折；包，裹 n. 褶，褶层，折

7、叠部分 fold sbs arms 交叉双臂 with ones arms folded 双臂交叉 fold sb. in ones arms 拥抱/搂住某人 fold A in B=fold B around/over A 用B包着A fold up 折叠，对折；倒闭，歇业 The new restaurant folded up in less than a year. above/below the fold（报纸或网页）最上/下面部分，最显眼/不显眼部分变形：unfold v 展开，打开；呈现 foldable adj. 可折叠的13. friction /frkn/ n. 争执；摩擦

8、；摩擦力 friction between A and B A与B之间的争执/摩擦 变形：frictional adj. 力 摩擦的；由摩擦而生的 frictionless adj. 无摩擦的；光滑的14. clarify /klrfa/ vt. 使更清晰易懂，阐明 ,使清楚，澄清 =illustrate vt. clarify ones position/attitude 阐明立场/表明态度 clarify the misunderstanding / situation 澄清误解/弄清情况变形：clarification n. 阐明15. knowledgeable /nldbl/ adj

9、. 博学的，有见识的 knowledgeably adv. be knowledgeable about sth. 对.有丰富知识，在行，很了解 acquire/update /absorb knowledge 获得/更新/吸收知识 have a good knowledge / command of 精通/非常了解 have no knowledge of 不了解相关able变形：manageable; unbelievable; irreplaceable; inseparable16. empathy /empi/ n. U同感，共鸣，同情 empathize /empaz/ vi. 有

10、同感，产生共鸣 empathize with. 与.共鸣17. put yourself in sbs shoes 处于某人的境地，设身处地 (17) if I were in your shoes.（引出建议）要是我处在你的境地，换了我是你的话 Seek to understand the other persons emotions, by putting yourself in their shoes and looking at the situation from their perspective.18. sympathy /smpi/ n. 同情；赞同 express/have/

11、feel sympathy for sb.对.表示/怀着/感到同情 out of sympathy for. 出于同情 have some/no sympathy with sb 同意/不同意某人(的观点) in sympathy with.对表示支持 out of sympathy with sb./sth.不赞成/不支持某人/某物 a letter of sympathy 慰问信变形：sympathetic adj.有同情心的；赞成的；招人喜爱的 sympathetically adv.同情地；赞同地sympathize vi. 同情，怜悯；赞同，支持 (with) sympathizer

12、 n. 赞同者；支持者 feel sympathetic to/towards sb./sth. 对某人/某物感到同情19. account for sth 是的说明（或原因）；（数量上、比例上）占 take.into account/consideration=take account of 考虑到，顾及 on account of 因为，由于 on no account 决不 (位于句首时，句子要用倒装) on this/that account 由于这/那个缘故 on ones account 为了某人的缘故account n. 账户；账目；描述；叙述；报告；（思想、理论、过程的）解释，

13、说明，叙述bank account 银行账户；give sb an account of sth 向某人描述；by/from all accounts 据说/根据报道20. approve /pruv/ vi. & vt. 赞成；批准，通过（计划、要求等）. approve vi. 意为“赞成，同意”，常用于 approve of sb/sth、approve of sb/sbs doing sth ；vt. 意为“批准，通过” He doesnt approve of me leaving school this year.变形：approval n认可；赞成，同意 approving ad

14、j.赞成的；赞许的disapprove v不赞成，不同意，反对 disapproval n. disapproving adj. 不赞成的 The president has already given his approval to the plan. She received many approving glances. 很多赞许的目光向她投来. My father made some disapproving comments about my clothes21. tone /tn/ n. 语气，腔调；风格，特色 tone 意为“语气，口吻”；tone 还可以表示“音质；色调；格调，

15、特性”的意思。如： He spoke in a friendly tone/in a tone of surprise. 他以一种友好/惊讶的语气说话。 That Italian violin has a beautiful tone. 那把意大利小提琴音色很美。 The tone of the meeting was pleasant. 这次会议的氛围令人愉快。【区分】tune n. 曲调 in tune with. 与.协调一致22. gain /en/ vt. & vi. 获得；增进，增长；（从中）受益 n. 好处，利益 gain weight=put on weight 增重，长胖 g

16、ain confidence/strength/experience/independence. gain entrance/entry/access to sth 得以进入/接近某物 gain (.) from/by. 从中受（）益: There is nothing to be gained from/by. 干是无济于事的。 No pains, no gains. 不劳则无获 A fall into a pit, a gain in ones wit. 吃一堑长一智。23. *gesture /dest(r)/ n. 手势，姿势；姿态，表示 vi. & vt. 做手势，用手势表示 mak

17、e a gesture 做手势 by gesture 用手势 as a gesture of (friendship/goodwill/support) 作为的表示 gesture for/to sb. to do sth. 用手势示意某人干某事 gesture to sb. that. 用手势示意某人 Jim raised his hands in a despairing gesture.24. precisely /prsasli/ adv. 准确地，恰好地；细心地；正是，确实 precisely speaking 确切地说 =to be precise / exact precise

18、adj. 精确准确的；恰好确切的；（人）严谨，一丝不苟的 preciseness n. 严谨；精确；古板 Thats precisely what I meant. 那恰恰是我的意思。25. vocabulary /vkbjlri/ n. 词汇，词汇量 enlarge ones vocabulary have a wide/limited vocabulary 词汇量大有限26. preference /prefrns/ n. 偏爱；偏爱的事物 have a preference for sth.偏爱. give preference to 给予优先权；优待=give priority to.

19、 in preference to 优先于；而不是 prefer to do sth./doing sth. 喜欢干某事 prefer sb. to do sth. 喜欢某人干某事 prefer sth. to sth. 喜欢而不喜欢 prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 喜欢干而不喜欢干 prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.=prefer doing sth. rather than doing sth. 宁愿干某事而不愿干某事【补充】prefer-preferred-preference; refer-referred-ref

20、erence; infer-inferred-inference; occur-occurred-occurrence【补充仅作了解】preferential adj. 优先的；优惠的；优待的27. jam /dm/ n. 果酱u；拥挤，堵塞c be caught in the traffic jam in a jam 事情搞得一团糟，陷入困境 recipes for jams and preserves 果酱和蜜饯的制作方法【熟词生义】jam作动词时，意思是“（用力）挤，压，塞” jam in 用力把塞进去 be jammed with tourists = be crowded with

21、28. somewhat /smwt/ adv. 有点，有几分，稍微 修饰v. / adj. /adv.等 somewhat concerned / hurriedly / think 有点儿担忧/匆忙/认为29. *taboo /tbu/ n. 禁忌，忌讳；禁止，避讳 break taboos 违反禁忌30. embarrassed /mbrst/ adj. 窘迫的，尴尬的；拮据的 词根：embarrass vt 使尴尬/困窘 embarrassment n. 尴尬/困窘 embarrassing adj. 令人尴尬的/难堪的 be embarrassed about/at sth/ to

22、do sth（尤指在社交场合）窘迫的，尴尬的，害羞的 financially embarrassed 拮据的；经济困难的 to ones embarrassment辨析an embarrassed smile on her face vs. an embarrassing smile on her face31. intention /ntenn/ n. 意图，目的；企图计划 intention (of doing sth)/ (to do sth) (that) 打算；计划；意图；目的 with the intention of 为了，以为目的 without intention 无意地=u

23、nintentionally adv have (no) intention of doing sth. 有意/无意干某事intend v. 计划，打算，想要 intend to do sth 打算干某事 had intended to do sth 本打算干（却没干） intended to have done sth be intended to do. 打算做. be intended/designed/meant for. 供之用，为而准备的变形：intend-intention; intentional; intentionally; unintentional; unintenti

24、onally32. correspond /krspnd/ vi. 类似于；相一致，符合；通信 1） 相符，符合 correspond to / withThe witnesss account corresponded closely to the policemans observations. 2) 相当于，等于 correspond toRed lines on the map correspond to major roads. 3) 通信 correspond with sb.变形：corresponding adj. 相应的，相关的 correspondence n. 信件，信函

25、；通信；相似，关联 correspondent n. 记者，通讯员；通信者，写信人33. behave /bhev/ vi. & vt. 表现得体，有礼貌；表现 behave properly / well 行为举止端庄，表现得体 behave oneself (某人自己)行为表现好 well/badly-behaved children 表现好/差的孩子变形：behaviour U n行为；misbehave v. 行为不端，举止不当；misbehavior n. 无礼，不规矩34. tolerate /tlret/ vt. 容许，允许；忍受，容忍；能经受；bear/tolerate/put up with./live with. tolerate doing sth. 忍受/允许做某事变形：tolerant adj. (人)宽容的，容忍的 be tolerant of 对.宽容；耐. tolerable adj. 可接受的，可忍受的；过得去的tolerance n. 容忍，忍耐力；宽容 religious/racial tolerance 宗教/种族上的宽容5学科网（北京）股份有限公司