高考英语语法知识：易错动词用法归纳13 讲义.docx

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1、高中英语语法知识：易错动词用法归纳13come可以表示“去”吗come有时可以表示参加到对方的活动之中去（即使这种运动方向本身要求用go）。如：A：Will you come to see me tonight?今晚来看我好吗?B：Yes, Ill come.好，我来。A：Please come at once. Dinner is ready.晚餐准备好了，请快来。B：OK,Im coming.好，我就来。（若用Oh, Im going.对方可能会理解为“噢，我要出去”。）一般说来，在这种情况有以下3点需注意：(1)表示到听话人（包括收信人）那儿去，通常用come。如：Ill come to

2、 see you one of these days.过几天我来看你。(2)邀请对方一起去某地，可用come或go。一般说来，用come含有一种自己决定要去的意味，而用go则含有一种请求和商量的意味。如：Would you like to comegowith us?你和我们一起去好吗?(3)表示“我同你一起去”这样的意义时，可用come或go。如：I will comegowith you.我和你一起去。动词advance的用法与搭配(1)表示朝着某个方面前进，通常后接介词to, towards。如：The troops advanced to the river.部队行进到河边。They

3、advanced towards the castle.他们向城堡推进。He advanced towards me in aggressive style.他向我步步进逼。(2)表示“朝进发或挺进”，通常后接介词on, upon。如：The army advanced on the capital.部队向首都挺进。Napoleons army advanced on Moscow.拿破仑的军队向莫斯科推进。(3)表示进攻的对象，通常用介词on, upon。如：The soldiers advanced on the enemy.士兵们向敌人进击。They advanced upon the

4、enemy.他们向敌人进攻。(3)表示“把提前”时，通常与fromto短语搭配使用，与postpone互为反义词。如：The date of the meeting was advanced from 10 to 3 June.会议日期已由6月10日提前到6月3日。(4)表示“预支（钱）”“借（钱）”，通常接双宾语。如：The bank advanced me$5,000.银行借给我5,000美元。He asked his employer to advance him a months salary.他请求雇主先预支一个月的薪水。动词occur用法说明与注意1.表示“发生”“出现”，是不及物

5、动词，所以不能带宾语，也不能用于被动语态。如：事故（地震）是什么时候发生的?误：When was the accident(earthquake)occurred?正：When did the accident(earthquake)occur?每页都有两三个错误。误：Two or three mistakes are occurred in every page.正：Two or three mistakes occur in every page.2.表示某想法出现在某人脑海中或被某人想到，通常与介词to连用。如：A good idea occurred to me.我想起了个好主意。Hi

6、s name just did not occur to my memory.我就是想不起他的名字。在以上用法中，若主语为从句或不定式，则在句首使用形式主语it,而把真正的主语放在后面。如：It occurred to me that he might be lying.我忽然想起他可能是在说谎。It never occurred to me to insure the house.我从来也没想到过去给房子投保。Didnt it occur to you to phone them about it?难道你就没有想到给他们打个电话?3.有时用于there be句式中替代动词be。如：Not l

7、ong after this, there occurred a sudden revolution.此后不久，突然爆发了革命。In March 1770,there occurred what became known as the Boston Massacre.在1770年3月爆发了人们熟悉知的波士顿大屠杀。动词oblige用法详解1.表示“迫使”时，注意以下用法：(1)其后通常不直接跟不定式，但可接不定式的复合结构。如：The law obliges parents to send their children to school.法律迫使父母送孩子上学。不过，在现代英语中该结构通常用

8、于被动形式。如：You are obliged by law to pay taxes.按照法律规定，你必须纳税。They were obliged to sell their house in order to pay their debts.他们被迫卖房还债。(2)在许多情况下，obliged具有形容词的特点，有时其被迫意味较弱，常可译为“有必要”“有责任”“应该”等。如：I felt obliged to ask them to dinner.我觉得有必要请他们请饭。2.表示“帮忙”“效劳”时，通常指根据需要或要求而做某事，注意以下用法：(1)可以用于不及物动词。如：Wed be hap

9、py to oblige.我们乐于效劳。Will you oblige by filling in this form?劳驾填一下这张表好吗?(2)用作及物动词时，总是以受益者（指人）作宾语，使用时注意以下搭配和用法：用于oblige sb by doing sth，表示通过做某事而帮助某人或按某人的要求做某事。如：Please oblige me by keeping quiet during the lecture.演讲期间请保持安静。Could you oblige me by posting the letter?劳驾请帮我把这封信寄了好吗?用于oblige sb with sth，表

10、示用某物来帮助某人或按某人的要求提供某物。如：Could you oblige me with 10 dollars?借给我10美元好吗?Would you be willing to oblige us with some information?你愿为我们提供一些信息吗?(3)修饰oblige有个非常典型的副词，就是duly，表示“正如期望地效劳或帮忙”。如：The fans were looking for another goal and Owen duly obliged.球迷们正期待另一粒进球时，欧文一如期望地进球了。3.表示“感激”时，在现代英语中，只用于被动语态be oblig

11、ed（事实上已变为系表结构），主要用于以下两个结构：(1)用于I(We)would be obliged if，用于正式场合请人帮忙，其意为“如果我（我们）将非常感激”。如：I would be obliged if you could read it to us.你若能读给我们听，我将非常感激。其中的if从句有时可换成不定式。如：I would be obliged therefore to receive your instructions on this matter.如果在这个问题上能收到你的指导，我们将非常感激。(2)用于(Im/Were)much obliged，意为“（我/我们）

12、非常感谢”；表示感谢某人，其后可接介词to；表示因某事而感谢，后接介词for。如：Im obliged to you for your good opinion.感谢你的宝贵意见。Im very much obliged to you for telling me.我非常感激你告诉了我。I shall be much obliged to you for an early answer.尽早赐复，不胜感激。(3)注意不要混淆obliged与obliging的用法，后者的意思是“愿意帮忙的”“乐于助人的”“热情的”。如：He is always very obliging.他总是乐于助人。The

13、 official to whom we applied for a permit was most obliging.我们向他申请许可证的那位官员非常热情。动词object的及物性及用法可用及物或不及物动词，使用时注意以下几点：1.用作不及物动词时，其基本义为“反对”，若需带宾语，须后接介词to。如：I object to all this noise.我不喜欢这些嘈杂的声音。Do you object to Sunday work?你反对星期日上班吗?由于其中的to为介词，所以后接动词时要用动名词。如：Do you object to working on Sundays?你反对星期日上班

14、吗?I really object to being charged for parking.我非常反对收停车费。若表示反对某人做某事，object to后可接带有逻辑主语的动名，注意不要想当然地使用object sb to do sth。如：He strongly objected to your saying that.他强烈反对你这样讲话。I object to himhissmoking in restaurants.我反对他在饭店里吸烟。2.用作及物动词时，意为“反对说”“反对的理由是”，其后通常只接that从句作宾语，而不接名词或代词作宾语。如：Bill objected that

15、 it would take longer.比尔反对说，这会花更长时间。Mother objected that Jimmy was too weak to take up the job.母亲反对说，吉米身体虚弱，不可承担那份工作。用作及物动词的object也可用于引出直接引语，这与后接宾语从句本质上是一样的（因为宾语从句可视为由直接引语转化来的间接引语）。如：“But hes too young,”I objected.“但是他太年轻了，”我反对说。3.根据上面的说明可知，object用作及物或不及物动词时，不仅用法不一样，而且意思也不一样：不及物时表示“反对”，及物时表示“反对的理由是”

16、“提出作为反对的理由”。比较以下例子：我父母反对我与她结婚。误：My parents objected that I married her.正：My parents objected to my marrying her.他反对被当作小孩子看待。误：He objected that he was treated like a child.正：He objected to being treated like a child.他说我不够仔细而提出反对。误：He objected to my not being careful enough.正：He objected that I was no

17、t careful enough.most与mostof的用法比较most与most of的区别在许多情况下与所修饰的名词是否带有限定词（如冠词、指示代词、物主代词、名词所有格等）有关，具体说来，应注意以下几点：1.若所修饰的名词前没有限定词，通常要用most，不用most of。如：Most people agree with me.多数人同意我的意见。Most cheese is made from cows milk.奶酪大都是用牛奶做的。Most people work from nine to five.大多数人从9点工作到5点。但是，在习惯上不带冠词的专有名词（如人名和地名等）或抽

18、象名词（如学科名词等）前，要用most of，不用most。如：Most of George seemed to be covered with hair.乔治身上好像大部分地方都长毛。Most of Wales was without electricity last night.昨天夜里，威尔士多数地区都停电了。2.若所修饰的名词前带有限定词，则用most of，不能只用most。如：Most of my friends live abroad.我的朋友大多数住在国外。Most of the people here know each other.这里大多数人互相认识。Hes eaten

19、two pizzas and most of a cold chicken.他吃了两张比萨饼和大半只冷鸡。Most of those workers have still been unable to find jobs.这批工人中大多数仍未能找到工作。注意要不按汉语思维电影，将限定词放在most之前。如：误：My most friends live abroad.误：The most people here know each other.误：Hes eaten two pizzas and a most cold chicken.误：Those most workers have stil

20、l been unable to find jobs.对于可数名词来说，如果是单数形式，不能直接在其前使用most，而应使用“most of+限定词+单数可数名词”的形式。如：Narrative makes up most of the book.记叙文占书的大部分。Youve got most of the bed as usual.你跟往常一样占了大半张床。The hen sits for most of the day.这只母鸡整天大部分时间都在抱窝。It was wet and windy for most of the week.一周大半时间都是又下雨又刮风。3.若直接用在代词之前，

21、要用most of，不用most。如：Most of us thought he was wrong.我们大多数人认为他错了。Most of them probably eat too much meat.他们大多数人都吃太多的肉了。He has a lot of free timehe spends most of it in the garden.他空闲时间很多大都消磨在花园里了。注意，在关系代词前也只能用most of，不用most。如：The buses, most of which were already full, were surrounded by an angry crow

22、d.公共汽车大多数都已经挤满了人，它们被愤怒的人群包围着。I have a number of American relatives, most of whom live in Texas.我有一些美国亲戚，他们大都住在得克萨斯。另外，在连接代词what引导的从句前也是用most of，不用most。如：I learned most of what I know about gardening through trial and error.我的大部分园艺知识都是通过不断摸索学到的。4.如果意思明确，most后所修饰的名词可以省略，但most of后所修饰的名词永远不能省略，也就是说，如果是不

23、修饰名词而单独使用，只能用most，不用most of。如：A few people were killed in the fire, but most were saved.在那场火灾中，有几个人被烧死，但大部分人都得救了。Some potatoes have been harvested, but most are still in the ground.一些土豆已经收获了，但大多数仍然在地里。5.most(of)用作主语时，其谓语的数需根据它所修饰或代表的名词的数来确定。如：Most of her books were stolen.她的大部分书被偷走了。Most of her money was stolen.她的大部分钱被走偷了。6.most与most of修饰名词时有时在含义上有差别，即前者多表示泛指，后者多表示特指。比较：Most people like to spend Christmas at home.多数人喜欢在家里过圣诞节。Most of the people I know like to spend Christmas at home.我所认识的人当中，多数人喜欢在家里过圣诞节。学科网（北京）股份有限公司