易错动词用法归纳3 讲义-高三英语二轮复习.docx

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1、高中英语语法知识：易错动词用法归纳3助动词have的用法助动词have以及它的变体has, had等的主要用法如下：1.have +过去分词，构成完成时态。如：He has left for Japan.他已去了日本。Weve just done the washing-up.我们刚洗完碗碟。Poor Jim has just had an accident.可怜的吉姆刚出了个事故。I have had this car for three years.这辆汽车我已用了3年了。By the end of last month, they had finished the work.上月未他们就

2、已经完成了工作。2.have + been +现在分词，构成完成进行时。如：I have been studying English for 8 years.我学英语已达八年了。The children have been having a lot of run.孩子们一直玩得很开心。We had been doing business with each other for years before we quarreled.在吵翻之前，我们多年来在业务上一直来往。By this time next year, we will have beendoingbusiness with each

3、 other for 20 years.到明年这时候，我们的业务住来就满20年了。I woke upI had been having a bad dream.我醒了，我做了个噩梦。3.have+been +过去分词，构成完成式被动语态。如：English has been taught in China for many years.中国教英语已经多年。I have been made redundant, so Im going abroad.我被定成了超编人员，所以我打算出国。Thousands of pounds have been spent on the new hospital.

4、这家新医院花费了数千英镑。None of my friends have been invited to the party.我的朋友中没有一个被邀参加晚会。All means have been used to get him to change his mind.为了转变他的想法，所有的办法都用过了。助动词be的用法1.be +现在分词，构成进行时态。如：They are having a meeting.他们正在开会。We were planting trees this time yesterday.我们昨天这个时候在植树。2.be +过去分词，构成被动语态。如：The door wa

5、s broken by Tom.门是汤姆打破的。English is taught in our school.我校教英语。3.be +动词不定式，可表示：A.打算、决定、计划、安排等。如：He is to visit Japan next week.他决定下周访问日本。I was to have told you yesterday, but you were not in.我本打算昨天告诉你的，但你不在家。B.指示、命令、禁止等，即“必须，一定”。如：You are to hand in the exercises tomorrow.你们明天必须交练习。Youre not to (=You

6、 mustnt)smoke here.你不可以在此处抽烟。C.责任、义务、需要，即“该不该”。如：You are to (=should)report to the police.你应该报警的。Am I to go on with the work?这工作我该不该继续干下去？D.可能性，与can, may相当，不定式多用被动式。如：The book was not to (=could not)be found.那本书可能找不到了。E.假设，用于虚拟条件句中。如：If it were to rain, we would get wet.要是下雨，我们就会淋湿。F.表示注定要发生或后来必然发生。

7、如：This experience was to change his life.这次经历注定要改变他的生活。注：不定式作表语与上述用法是不同的。如：My idea is to go there today.我的意思是今天就去那里。动词allow的四个有用搭配1.allow(doing)sth允许(做)某事。如：The facts allow no other explanation.事实不允许有其他的解释。We dont allow eating in the classrooms. (我们)不允许在教室吃饭。注：有时用于被动语态。如：Dogs are not allowed.狗不得入内。S

8、moking is not allowed here.此处不准吸烟。2.allowsbtodosth允许某人做某事。如：My parents dont allow me to go out at night.我父母不允许我晚上出去。Her boss doesnt allow her to use the telephone.她的老板不允许她使用电话。注：有时用于被动语态。如：Passengers are not allowed to smoke.乘客不准吸烟。3.allowsbsth给予某人某物(尤指钱或时间)；让某人有(拥用或带有)某物。如：He allows his son too muc

9、h money.他给他儿子的钱太多。Well allow you time to answer.我们将给回答的时间。I will allow you 10% off the price if you pay now.如果你现在付款，我可以给你打九折。We allow passengers one item of hand luggage each.我们允许每个乘客带一件手提行李。注：有时用于被动语态。如：Im not allowed visitors.我不准有访客。4.allowfor考虑到，把考虑进来，体谅。如：We should allow for every possible delay

10、.我们考虑到任何可能的延误。We must allow for his youth.我们必须体谅他的年轻。动词advise的三点用法1.表示“建议”，通常为及物动词，若其后的宾语是动词，通常应是动名词，而不能是不定式。如：我建议等到适当的时候。正：I advise waiting till the right time.误：Iadviseto wait till the right time.注意：advise之后不能直接跟不定式，但可接不定式的复合结构。如：He advised us to sell the house.他建议我们把房子卖了。The doctoradvised me to s

11、top smoking.医生建议我戒烟。注意advise后接不定式复合结构时的被动语态形式不要与上面第一个句型混为一谈。如：主动式：He advised us to sell the house.被动式：We wereadvised to sell the house.比较错误句型：We advised to sell the house.（误）2.其后若接that从句，通常要用虚拟语气(should+v.)。如：He advised that I (should) write her a letter.他建议我给她写封信。3.比较以下同义句型：请指点我选哪一个。正：Pleaseadvisem

12、e which to choose.正：Pleaseadviseme which I should choose.我劝他不要一个人去。正：I advised him not to go alone.正：Iadvised him against going alone.describe的语法特点与搭配1.是及物动词，其后可以下形式的宾语：(1)名词：Words cannotdescribeher beauty.言语无法形容她的美丽。Please describe her wife.请讲讲他的妻子。Can youdescribeit to for me?你能把它描述给我听听吗?(2)疑问词引导的从

13、句：Please describe what you saw.请说说你所见到的情况。They asked me to describe exactly how it happened.他们要我把所发生的事情准确的描述出来。2.通常不能接双宾语，若语义需要，要用介词to / for来引出间接宾语：你能将你所见到的情况描述给我听听吗?正：Can you describe what you saw to for me?正：Can you describe to for me what you saw?误：Can youdescribeme what you saw?3.“把形容为(说成是)”，英语用

14、describeas，在此结构中as之后可接名词、形容词或动名词等：Hedescribed himself as a doctor.他自称是医生。He was described as (being) very clever.据说他很聪明。burn的用法与语法1.可用作及物或不及物动词：He burned her letter.他把她的信烧了。The tea is very hot, and dont burn you mouth.茶很烫，不要烫伤了嘴巴。Paper burns easily.纸容易燃烧。The meat has burnt.肉煮糊了。有时可指“灯亮”：All the ligh

15、ts are burning.所有的灯都亮着。2.有时用于引申义，表示“有某种强烈的情绪”或“迫切想要”，多用于进行时态：He was burning with anger.他怒气冲天。She was burning to buy a computer.他很想买台电脑。3.构成被动语态时，除可用be burned外，有时也用get burned的形式：He was thus burned to death by the enemy.他就这样被敌人活活地烧死了。The pudding got burned.布丁煮糊了。4.关于burned与burnt：(1)美国英语通常只用burned,只是在用

16、作定语时才用burnt：He burned his hand on a hot stove.他的手在炉子上烫伤了。The housewas burnedto the ground.这座房子被烧成灰烬了。Look at the burnt sugar.瞧这烧焦了的糖。(2)英国英语通常分两种情况：用作不及物动词用时用burned；用作及物动词时用burnt：The fire burned brightly.火烧得很亮。Ive burnt the dinner.我把饭煮糊了。使用appreciate的四点习惯1.习惯上不接不定式作宾语其后可接名(代)词、动名词、名词性从句等作宾语，但不能接不定式：

17、We shallappreciatehearing from you again.能再次收到你的来信，我们将十分感激。Iappreciatethat you have come here so early.感谢你来得这么早。2.习惯上不用“人”作宾语其后只能接“事”作宾语，而不能接“人”作宾语(注意：这与thank的用法恰恰相反)：正：I appreciate your kindness.谢谢你的好意。误：I appreciate you for your kindness.正：He thanked her for her kindness.他感谢她的好意。误：He thanked her k

18、indness.3.后接if或when从句时习惯上要先接it其后不直接跟if或when引导的从句，若语义上需要接这类从句，需借助it：I would appreciate it very much if you would help me with it.如果你能帮助我做这事，我会十分感激。We reallyappreciateit when she offered to help.她来帮忙了，我们十分感激。4.关于修饰语的搭配习惯要表示程度，可用deeply, highly, (very) much等副词修饰：I deeply appreciate your kindness.我深深感谢你的

19、好意。He highly appreciated their help.他非常感谢他们的帮助。注意：much修饰appreciate时，只能置于其前，而不能置于其后但very much却可以)：我们非常感谢你的邀请。正：We much appreciate your invitation.正：We appreciate your invitation very much.误：Weappreciateyour invitation much.动词hesitate用法说明一、基本用法1.犹豫，踌躇:She hesitated for a moment. 她犹豫了一会儿。She hesitated

20、on account of the expense. 她对费用有些犹豫。2.不情愿:I hesitate to disagree with you. 我不愿意和你意见相左。二、口语用法在口语中用于 Dont hesitate to do sth，主要用于鼓励某人，意思是“做某事不要犹豫”。如:Dont hesitate to tell us if you have a problem.你有问题就直截了当地告诉我们。If you ever need anything, please dont hesitate to contact me.你若需要什么东西，请直接与我联系。三、用法说明1.后接另一

21、动词时，要用不定式，不用动名词。由干不及物，故其后接的不定式为状语，而非宾语。2.虽不能直接跟动名词，但后可跟“介词+动名词”。如:He hesitated to tell her.= He hesitated about telling her.该不该告诉她，他有些犹豫。3.后接“介词+从句”时，有时可省略介词。如:He hesitated (about) what he should do next. 州犹豫着下一步怎么办。后者用介词in，表示“在方面”，hesitate in doing sth 的意思是“在做某事方面犹豫”。但事实上，两值得在使用时有时区别很小，常可混用(但以用about为普通)。如:No-one need hesitate about/ in going to the countryside for the weekend学科网（北京）股份有限公司