语法总复习名词学案-高三英语二轮复习.docx

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1、名词变复数1规则名词(1) -sdesk desks day days house houses(2) -es13学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司hero heroesbush bushesfox foxeswatch watchesmass massesbuzz buzzes喧哗声特殊情况:monarch (君主） monarchsstomach (胃） stomachsepoch（新时期) epochsbamboo bamboosportfo

2、lio portfolios( 3 )以-y结尾1以辅音字母加y结尾的词，变y为i再加-escity citiescountry countriesparty partiesstory stories2元音字母加y结尾的直接加-sboy boysdonkey donkeys驴play playskey keysvalley valleys 山谷(4)-f，-fe结尾的名词1_half半品脱;半（价）票，life，leaf，loaf，knife，shelf，wife2（特殊）_belief信仰，grief悲伤，cliff悬崖，gulf海湾，roof，proof证明总结：规则例词1一般情况在词尾加

3、-smap-maps, sea-seas， girl-girls, day-days2以s, x, ch, sh结尾后加-esclass-classes, box-boxes，watch-watches, dish-dishes3以-f或-fe结尾的词变-f和-fe为v再加-es wife/knife/wolf/thief/shelf/self/half/leaf/加-sgulf/cliff/roof/giraffe/chief/belief/proof/serf 4以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加-esparty-parties, family-families，story-storie

4、s, city-cities5以元音字母加y结尾的名词，或专有名词以y结尾的，加-stoy-toys， boy-boys, day-days，6以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词一般加-esNegro-Negroes, hero-heroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes一些外来词加-spiano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos， solo-solos两者皆可zero-zeros/zeroes, volcano-volcanoes/volcanos2不规则一、有些名词中保存了英语中古旧的复数形式，如：man

5、-men woman-women tooth-teeth foot-feet child-children goose-geese mouse-mice ox-oxen二、有些是外来词，仍保有原来的复数形式，如：phenomenon-phenomena(现象) formula-formulae(公式) thesis-theses(论文) basis-bases(基础) analysis-analyses(分析) criterion-criteria(标准) crisis-crises(危机) appendix-appendices(附录)三、部分单词的复数形式不变。例： fish fish;

6、sheep sheep;cattle cattle; deer deer;salmon salmon鲑鱼； means means四、compound nouns合成词，这类复数词是以主要的名词来表示例：daughter-in-lawdaughters-in-law媳妇；father-in-lawfathers-in-law岳父man-of-warmen-of-war兵舰；maid-servant maid-servants 女仆step-sonstep-sons继子；son-in-lawsons-in-law女婿。但是，也有些合成名词，特别是由man和woman构成的合成名词，里面所含的成分

7、，全都要变为复数，如： man-servantmen-servants，woman doctorwomen doctors等五、有些名词经常是带着-s词尾的，但通常都作单数看待，如：phonetics(语音学)，physics(物理学)，optics(光学)，politics(政治)，news(新闻)等。六、另一些名词则以复数词出现的机会较多例：bellows风箱；clothes; police; shorts短裤；scissors剪刀；spectacles眼镜；shears大剪刀，trousers长裤，wages工资，belongings所有物，surroundings环境，savings储

8、蓄，findings调查结果，arms武器，clothes衣服，stairs楼梯，等七、另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思例：goods货物，waters水域，fishes(各种)鱼，papers文件，证件，greens青菜，manners礼貌，ruins废墟，troops军队，looks外貌，times时代，等八，不可数名词的计量方法(1)一般用数字+of+计量单位+名词表示，(注意：当数字大于一时，表示计量单位的名词可以有复数形式)。如：a piece of news一则新闻 a piece of meat一块肉 a glass of wine一杯酒 two bowls of

9、rice两碗米 a sum of money一笔钱 five bags of flour一袋面粉a drop of water一滴水 three bottles of milk三瓶牛奶 two pieces of advice两条建议(2)用much/some/a little/little/a lot of/plenty of+不可数名词名词所有格名词所有格用以表示名词之间的所有关系。主要有of和s()两种表示方式。1用of所有格构成短语可以表示所有名词之间的所有关系。表示多数无生命的事物的名词之间使用of进行连接。e.g. the window of the house 房子上的窗户2表示

10、有生命的事物的名词及某些表示时间、距离、星球、世界、国家等无生命的东西的名词后加 s来表示所有关系。但如果该名词是以-s或-es结尾，则只在该名词后加 来构成所有格。e.g. my fathers car 我父亲的车e.g. 20 minutes walk 20分钟的步行路程3双重所有格He is a friend of mine.他是我的一位朋友。This is a photo of my mother.这是我母亲的照片。（照片上的人是我母亲)This is a photo of my mothers这是我母亲的照片。(为母亲所有或收藏的照片)总结：类型构成方法例词有生命名词(人或动物)在词

11、尾加-sTonyspen以-s结尾的名词只加-TeachersDay不规则复数名词在词尾加-sWomensDayChildrensDay两人共同拥有某物用AandBsLucyandLilysmother两人分别拥有某物用AsandBsLucysandLilysbeds以s结尾的人名所有格加s或者Dickens novels，Charless job,the Smiths house无生命名词时间、距离在词尾加-s或-twentyminuteswalktodaysnewspaper其他用“of名词”结构aphotoofmyfamily双重所有格of-s所有格afriendofhermothers

12、of名词性物主代词afriendofmine表“某人家”“店铺”，所有格后名词省略the doctors, the barbers, the tailors, my uncles主谓一致句子中谓语动词的数必须和主语的数保持一致。遵循以下三个原则：1. 语法一致(1)主语是单数，谓语动词用单数；主语是复数，谓语动词用复数。 Theresultsof the researchesareto be published soon. His suggestion hasbeen accepted.(2)复合不定代词someone, anyone, everyone, nobody, something,

13、 anything, everything, nothing等作主语，谓语动词用单数。 Ifanyone seesLisa, ask her to call me. Is everybodyhere yet?(3) each作主语（each of us/ you/ them或名词复数），谓语动词用单数；each作同位语（we/ you/ they或名词复数+each），谓语动词用复数。Each of the students hasan apple. (each是主语)The students each havean apple. (the students是主语，each是同位语)(4)al

14、l作主语指人，谓语动词用复数；all作主语指物（现象、概念），谓语动词用单数。 All areequal before the law. (all指人，法律面前人人平等) All iswell that ends well. (all指现象，结局好一切都好)注意如果是all (of) +名词，谓语动词与名词的数保持一致（即，谓语动词是单是复由名词决定） All (of) the money ismine. All (of) his friends arerich.(5)不定式或动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。 Going to a British high school wasa very ex

15、citing experience for me. To complete the project in ten months isnot possible.(6) many a / more than one+单数名词（形单意复，即虽然表达了复数的意思，但形式上还是按照单数的规矩来），谓语动词用单数。 Many a pagein this bookismissing. More than one person wasabsent. Many a student hasfailed the exam. More than one student hasfailed the exam.II. 意

16、义一致(1)自带复数属性的名词people, the police, cattle等，本身就是复数意义，谓语动词用复数 The police havenot made any arrests.people作“民族”讲是另外一码事。(2)“the+形容词（分词）”表示一类人the rich/ the poor/ the dead/ the living/ the wounded等，谓语动词用复数 The rich accountfor 1% of the population.表示某国人的总称，the Chinese/ the British/ the Irish等，谓语动词用复数 The Ch

17、inese arehard-working.(3)长得像复数其实是单数的名词news, maths, physics, politics等，谓语动词用单数 The news isexciting.(4)单复同形的名词sheep, deer, means, works等，单数也长这样复数也长这样，谓语动词的单复根据这些词在句中的含义而定 Three sheep areeating grass there. A sheep islying there. Every means hasbeen tried. All the means havebeen tried.(5)集体名词family, cl

18、ass, crew, team, group, audience, government等，谓语动词要根据主语所指的意义而定当集体名词作为一个整体概念时，谓语动词用单数；当集体名词指其中的具体成员时，谓语动词用复数 The class consistsof 25 boys and 23 girls. The class aredoing experiments.III. 就近一致关联词连接主语或there be句型中，谓语动词离哪个近就跟哪个一致（只看远近，不管语序）关联词包括：or, either.or., neither.nor., not only.but also., not.but.等 Not his parents buthe doesntwant to go. Neither you orI amwrong. Are youor Jim to blame? Not only the students but alsothe teacher wishesfor a holiday. Thereis a cup of teaand some apples on the table. Thereare some applesand a cup of tea on the table.