高考英语语法知识:易错动词用法归纳14讲义.docx
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1、高中英语语法知识:易错动词用法归纳14introduce表示“介绍”时的用法1.introduce表示“介绍”时的意思是to tell two or more people who have not met before what each others names are(告诉两个或多个原来未曾见面的人他们彼此的名字),或者是to tell the audience the name of the person who is going to speak or perform(告诉观众讲演者或演员的名字),也就是说,introduce表示“介绍”时,主要用于介绍两个不认识的互相认识,或是向听
2、众或观众宣布并介绍演讲者或广播、节目等的细节。如:Allow me to introduce my wife.让我介绍一下,这是我太太。It is my pleasure to introduce tonights speaker.我很荣幸来介绍今晚的演讲者。2.有时汉语中说“介绍”,其实是指“推荐”,此时应用recommend,而不能用introduce。如:Can you recommend me a good novel?你给我介绍一本好的小说行吗?Jamie sought out all inexpensive boarding-house recommended to him by
3、a sailor aboard ship.杰米找到了一个便宜的供膳宿舍,那是船上一名水手向他介绍的。3.经常听到有的人在表示“介绍情况”“介绍某学校”“介绍某国家”“介绍某机构”等场合使用introduce,其实也是对introduce的误用。如:班上的同学互相介绍自己的国家。误:The students in the class introduced their own countries to each other.正:The students in the class told each other about their own countries.现在我们的美国朋友要向大家介绍她自己
4、的研究情况。误:Our friend from America will now introduce her research to us.正:Our friend from America will now tell us about her research.莎士比亚的戏剧向我们介绍了当时生活的许多情况。误:Shakespeares plays introduce to us a lot about contemporary life.正:Shakespeares plays tell us a lot about contemporary life.会计向营业部的职员介绍了自己的工作情况
5、。误:The accountant introduced his work to the sales staff.正:The accountant described his work to the sales staff.在今天晚上的节目中我们重点介绍德国。误:In tonights programme our focus is to introduce Germany.正:In tonights programme our focus is on Germany.4.其后习惯上不带双宾语,要表示把某人介绍给另一人,可用introduceto这样的结构。如:让我把我的朋友介绍给你。正:Let
6、 me introduce my friend to you.误:Let me introduce you my friend.汉语中说“作自我介绍”,英语用introduce oneself。如:Permit me to introduce myself.请允许我介绍自己。关于be fortunate to do sth结构的说明若其中的动词be为现在式(am, is, are),则其后不定式通常只能是静态动词,不能是动态动词。如:They are fortunate to be able to buy such a large a house.他们真幸运,能买那样大的房子。但不能说:The
7、y are fortunate to buy such a large house.若要在amis, arefortunate后接动态动词,则要用完成式或进行式。如:They are fortunate to have bought such a large house.他们很幸运,买了那样大的房子。You are fortunate to be working in London.你真是幸运,能在伦敦工作。若其中的动词be为过去式(was, were),则其后不定式便没有以上限制。如:He was extremely fortunate to escape without injury.他能
8、安然无恙地逃脱,真是太幸运了。He was fortunate to have had the chance of doing so.他很幸运有机会这样做。be fortunate后接不定式与接从句意思稍有不同:It is fortunate that的意思是“是件好事”,而“主语+be+fortunate to do sth”则强调主语的好运气。如:Its fortunate for us that he has a rich uncle他有一位有钱的叔叔是我们的运气。(如可以替我们借钱)Hes fortunate to have a rich uncle.他真幸运有一位有钱的叔叔。(许多人
9、没有)forbid用法小议1.一般不用于祈使句,如:误:Forbid her to go out.正:Tell her not to go out.叫她出去。2.其后可接双宾语,意为“禁止或不准某人(使用或进入)”。如:His wife forbids him wine.他老婆不准他喝酒。He forbade his children sweets because he didnt want their teeth to be ruined.他不准孩子们吃糖,因为他不想他们的牙齿受损坏。比较同义句型:He forbade me his car.=He forbade me the use of
10、 his car.=He forbade me to use his car.他不准我用他的小车。3.后接动词作宾语时,该动词要用动名词,不用不定式。如:He forbids smoking during office hours.他不允许在上班时间抽烟。动名词前有时可以有自己的逻辑主语。如:I cant forbid your seeing that man again.我无法禁止你再和那个男人来往。注意,其后虽然不直接跟不定式,但可跟不定式的复合结构。如:I forbid you to tell anyone.我不准你告诉任何人。The doctor forbids him to smok
11、e.医生禁止他吸烟。表示“禁止某人做某事”,按传统语法,英语通常用prevent(stop, keep, prohibit)sb from doing sth,而不用forbid,但在现代英语中也可以这样用。如:He forbade them from mentioning the subject e与go的用法与搭配e和go是一对反义词,come(来)所表示的方向是朝向说话者的位置,而go(去)所表示的方向是离开说话者的位置。如:come here(来这儿),come to school(来上学),go there(去那儿),go to school(去上学)。2.两者之后均可用and来代替
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