研究生综合英语.ppt
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1、Unit 9 You Are What You SayU9Additional Information for the Teachers ReferenceText You Are What You SayWarm-up ActivitiesFurther ReadingWriting SkillsAdditional WorkUnit 9 You Are What You SayWarm-up ActivitiesWarm-up 1How is womens language different from mens?Summary the main features of womens la
2、nguage with examples you can think of.Do you think such pairs of words as“bachelor/spinster”and“widow/widower”are real linguistic parallels?What are the different connotations of members of each pair?Can you think of examples of euphemism in the Chinese language and culture?1.2.3.Unit 9 You Are What
3、 You Say Robin Lakoff is an American author and professor of linguistics.She was born in Brooklyn,New York and attended Radcliffe College,Indiana University,and Harvard University for her B.A.,M.A.,and Ph.D.respectively.Since 1972,she has taught in the Linguistics Department at the University of Cal
4、ifornia,Berkeley.She has written Language and Womans Place(1975)and coauthored Face Value:The Politics of Beauty(1984).In her most recent book,The Language War(2000),Lakoff analyzes the 1990s backlash,primarily by white men,to the previous decades“politically correct”speech movement.AIFTTR1Additiona
5、l Information for the Teachers Reference1.Robin LakoffUnit 9 You Are What You SayAIFTTR2Women use more“fancy”color terms such as“mauve”and“beige”.Women use less powerful curse words.Women use more powerful intensifiers such as“terrible”and“awful”.Women use more tag questions.Women use more statement
6、 questions like“Dinner will be ready at seven oclock?”(with a rising intonation at the end)Womens linguistic behavior is more indirect and,hence,more polite than mens.2.Women Register in the language1)2)3)4)5)6)Unit 9 You Are What You SayText You Are What You SayNotesIntroduction to the Author and t
7、he ArticlePhrases and ExpressionsExercisesMain Idea of the TextUnit 9 You Are What You SayMIOTT1Main Idea of the Text You Are What You Say originally appeared in Ms.magazine in 1974 and was later included in her most famous work,a collection of essays entitled Language and Womens Place(1975).Based o
8、n Lakoffs anecdotal observations,it purports to illustrate the gender-based sociolinguistic behavior such as female submissiveness,based on use of tag questions to“avoid commitment or conflict with hearer by seeking confirmation”,a move that also signals lack of self-confidence.With her full awarene
9、ss of womens social status and numerous objective examples prevalent in everyday English,the author draws an acute portrayal of how the female is verbally oppressed and ridiculed in a male-centered world.Unit 9 You Are What You SayIntroduction to the Author and the articleIntroduction to the Author
10、and the Article Robin Lakoff is an American author and professor of linguistics.She was born in Brooklyn,New York and attended Radcliffe College,Indiana University,and Harvard University for her B.A.,M.A.,and Ph.D.respectively.Since 1972,she has taught in the Linguistics Department at the University
11、 of California,Berkeley.She has written Language and Womens Place(1975)and coauthored Face Value:The Politics of Beauty(1984).In her most recent book,The Language War(2000),Lakoff analyzes the 1990s backlash,primarily by white men,to the previous decades“politically correct”speech movement.Unit 9 Yo
12、u Are What You SayIntroduction to the Author and the article2 You Are What You Say originally appeared in Ms.magazine in 1974 and was later included in her most famous work,a collection of essays entitled Language and Womens Place(1975).Based on Lakoffs anecdotal observations,it purports to illustra
13、te the gender-based sociolinguistic behavior such as female submissiveness,based on use of tag questions to“avoid commitment or conflict with hearer by seeking confirmation,”a move that also signals lack of self-confidence.It sparked decades of interest in and empirical research on the sociolinguist
14、ics of gender,some of which showed the relation between linguistic form and communicative function to be more complicated than one-to-one.Unit 9 You Are What You SayPart2_T1 “Womens language”is that pleasant,euphemistic,never-aggressive way of talking we learned as little girls.Cultural bias was bui
15、lt into the language we were allowed to speak,the subjects we were allowed to speak about,and the ways we were spoken of.Having learned our linguistic lesson well,we go out in the world,only to discover that we are communicative cripples damned if we do,and damned if we dont.Robin LakoffYou Are What
16、 You SayTextUnit 9 You Are What You SayPart2_T2 If we refuse to talk“like a lady,”we are ridiculed and criticized for being unfeminine.(“She thinks like a man”is,at best,a left-handed compliment.)If we do learn all the fuzzy headed,unassertive language of our sex,we are ridiculed for being unable to
17、 think clearly,unable to take part in a serious discussion,and therefore unfit to hold a position of power.It doesnt take much of this for a woman to begin feeling she deserves such treatment because of inadequacies in her own intelligence and education.Unit 9 You Are What You SayPart2_T3 “Womens la
18、nguage”shows up in all levels of English.For example,women are encouraged and allowed to make far more precise discriminations in naming colors than men do.Words like mauve,beige,lavender,and so on,are unremarkable in a womans active vocabulary,but largely absent from that of most men.I know of no e
19、vidence suggesting that women actually see a wider range of colors than men do.It is simply that fine discriminations of this sort are relevant to womens vocabularies,but not to mens;to men,who control most of the interesting affairs of the world,such distinctions are trivial irrelevant.Unit 9 You A
20、re What You SayPart2_T4 In the area of syntax,we find similar gender-related peculiarities of speech.There is one construction,in particular,that women use conversationally far more than men:the tag question.A tag is midway between an outright statement and a yes-no question;it is less assertive tha
21、n the former,but more confident than the latter.A flat statement indicates confidence in the speakers knowledge and is fairly certain to be believed;a question indicates a lack of knowledge on some point and implies that the gap in the speakers knowledge can and will be remediedUnit 9 You Are What Y
22、ou SayPart2_T5by an answer.For example,if,at a Little League game,I have had my glasses off,I can legitimately ask someone else:“Was the player out at third?”A tag question,being intermediate between statement and question,is used when the speaker is stating a claim,but lacks full confidence in the
23、truth of that claim.So if I say,“Is Joan here?”I will probably not be surprised if my respondent answers,“no”;but if I say,“Joan is here,isnt she?”instead,chances are I am already biased in favor of a positive answer,wanting only confirmation.I still want a response,but I have enough knowledge(or th
24、ink I have)Unit 9 You Are What You SayPart2_T6to predict that response.A tag question,then,might be thought of as a statement that doesnt demand to be believed by anyone but the speaker,a way of giving leeway,of not forcing the addressee to go along with the views of the speaker.Another common use o
25、f the tag question is in small talk when the speaker is trying to elicit conversation:“Sure is hot here,isnt it?”But in discussing personal feelings or opinions,only the speaker normally has any way of knowing the correct answer.Sentences such as“I have a headache,dont I?”are clearlyUnit 9 You Are W
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