宾语补足语的用法.pptx

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1、英语的五个基本结构英语的五个基本结构S S 十十 V V 主谓结构主谓结构S S 十十 V V 十十 P P 主系表结构主系表结构S S 十十 V V 十十 O O 主谓宾结构主谓宾结构S S 十十 V V 十十 O1 O1 十十 O2 O2 主谓双宾结构主谓双宾结构S S 十十 V V 十十 O O 十十 C C 主谓宾补结构主谓宾补结构说明：说明：S S主语；主语；V V谓语；谓语；P P表语；表语；OO宾语；宾语；O1O1间接宾语；间接宾语；O2O2直接宾语；直接宾语；C C宾语补足语宾语补足语 第1页/共23页1 1SS十十 VV句式句式HerunsquicklyHerunsquick

2、ly他跑得快。他跑得快。2 2SS十十 V(link)V(link)十十 PP句式：句式：ThestorysoundsinterestingThestorysoundsinteresting这个故事听起来有趣。这个故事听起来有趣。3 3SS十十 VV十十 OO句式句式TheybuiltahouselastyearTheybuiltahouselastyear他们去年建了一所房子。他们去年建了一所房子。4 4SS十十 VV十十 O1O1十十 O2O2句式句式Heofferedmehisseat/hisseattomeHeofferedmehisseat/hisseattome他把座位让给我。他把

3、座位让给我。5 5SS十十 VV十十 OO十十 CC句式句式Goodfoodkeepsyouhealthy.Goodfoodkeepsyouhealthy.Iwishyoutobehappy.Iwishyoutobehappy.TheynamedtheboyTheynamedtheboyCharlieCharlieIsawherchattingwithNancyIsawherchattingwithNancyHewatchedthepianocarriedupstairs.Hewatchedthepianocarriedupstairs.Dontleavemebehind.Dontleavem

4、ebehind.第2页/共23页在英语语言中，一些及物动词后面除了跟宾语外，还需要有一个宾语补足语来对宾语进行补充说明，使其意义更加完整清楚。宾语与宾语补足语合起来称作复合宾语。第3页/共23页一、可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有：一、可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有：1 1、名词：、名词：WeelectedSmithourchairman.WeelectedSmithourchairman.TheynamedthecityLeningrad.TheynamedthecityLeningrad.AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy.Allworkandnoplayma

5、kesJackadullboy.注注：常用名词充当宾语补足语的动词有：常用名词充当宾语补足语的动词有：call,call,name,name,elect,elect,make,make,think,think,appoint,appoint,choose,choose,find,find,consider,consider,keep,wish,feelkeep,wish,feel等。等。这这类类动动词词后后也也可可用用先先行行词词it it做做形形式式宾宾语语，而而把把真真正正的的宾宾语语放放到到句句子子后面去。后面去。Hefeltishisdutytomentionthistoher.Hef

6、eltishisdutytomentionthistoher.第4页/共23页2 2、形容词：、形容词：Hedyedherhairbrown.Hedyedherhairbrown.Ithoughthersoniceandsincere.Ithoughthersoniceandsincere.注：常用形容词充当宾语补足语的动词有：注：常用形容词充当宾语补足语的动词有：believe,believe,think,think,get,get,keep,keep,make,make,find,find,set,set,like,like,wish,wish,see,see,consider,consi

7、der,prove,have,leave,prove,have,leave,以及以及paint,drive,turn,cutpaint,drive,turn,cut等。等。一、可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有：一、可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有：有时可用有时可用it it做形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放到后面去，构成复做形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放到后面去，构成复合宾语的可以是不定式或是从句。合宾语的可以是不定式或是从句。Ifeltitnecessarytomakeeverythingclear.Ifeltitnecessarytomakeeverythingclear.第5页/共23页主语+及物动词

8、+宾语+现在分词（作补语）Im sorry to have kept you waiting for so long.Im sorry to have kept you waiting for so long.I could feel the cold wind blowing on my face.I could feel the cold wind blowing on my face.At this moment she noticed the teacher coming in.At this moment she noticed the teacher coming in.加现在分词

9、作宾补的动词有：加现在分词作宾补的动词有：see,hear,smell,feel,keep,see,hear,smell,feel,keep,watch,leave,get,catch,imagine,like,start,remember,watch,leave,get,catch,imagine,like,start,remember,hate.hate.第6页/共23页主语+及物动词+宾语+过去分词（作补语）He watched the TV set carried out of the room.He watched the TV set carried out of the room

10、.Last year they had their house rebuilt.Last year they had their house rebuilt.When you speak English,be sure to make yourself understood.When you speak English,be sure to make yourself understood.这类动词主要有：这类动词主要有：make,keep,leave,feel,find,have,hear,watch,seemake,keep,leave,feel,find,have,hear,watch,

11、see第7页/共23页4 4、动词不定式：、动词不定式：Remindmetowritethatletter,willyou?Remindmetowritethatletter,willyou?Heurgedmetojointheircompany.Heurgedmetojointheircompany.Atthemeetingtheyinvitedmetospeak.Atthemeetingtheyinvitedmetospeak.这这类类动动词词包包括括：adviceadvice，get,get,allow,allow,invite,invite,force,force,oblige,obl

12、ige,hate,hate,wish,wish,permit,order,bringpermit,order,bring注：注：在某些动词后，这类不定式只限用在某些动词后，这类不定式只限用tobetobe这种形式这种形式Wethoughthimtobeanhonestman.Wethoughthimtobeanhonestman.Doyouconsiderthattobeimportant?Doyouconsiderthattobeimportant?Shefoundthistobetrueinallthecitiesshevisited.Shefoundthistobetrueinallth

13、ecitiesshevisited.第8页/共23页主语+及物动词+宾语+不带to的不定式（作补语）We can let this go on.I saw Martins face go pale.这类动词主要有：make,let,have,saw,hear,notice watch,fell,help这类词变被动的时候后面要加toHe was made to recite the whole poem.He was seen to fall.第9页/共23页 6 6此外，副词和介词短语也可以充当宾语补足语，如：此外，副词和介词短语也可以充当宾语补足语，如：When do you want i

14、t back?When do you want it back?Why didnt you invite them in?Why didnt you invite them in?We could hear the children at play outside.We could hear the children at play outside.第10页/共23页二、宾语和其补足语之间的逻辑关系：二、宾语和其补足语之间的逻辑关系：1 1、当当名名词词、形形容容词词、副副词词和和介介词词短短语语充充当当宾宾语语补补足足语语时时，它它们们和和宾宾语语之之间间有有着着逻逻辑辑上上的的主主谓谓关关

15、系系（或或称称表表语语关关系系），若若无无宾宾语语补补足足语语，则则句句意意不不完完整整。宾宾语语补补足足语语说说明明宾宾语语的的情情况况、性性质、特征、状态、身份或属类等。试比较：质、特征、状态、身份或属类等。试比较：YouYou shouldshould keepkeep youryour roomroom cleanclean andand tidy.tidy.(Your(Your roomroom isiscleanandtidy.)cleanandtidy.)WeWecouldcouldhearhearthethechildrenchildrenatatplayplayoutside

16、.outside.(The(Thechildrenchildrenareatplayoutside.)areatplayoutside.)第11页/共23页二、宾语和其补足语之间的逻辑关系：二、宾语和其补足语之间的逻辑关系：3 3、当当过过去去分分词词充充当当宾宾语语补补足足语语时时，它它与与宾宾语语之之间间有有着着动动宾宾关关系系，即：宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者，如：即：宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者，如：IonceheardthissongsunginJapanese.IonceheardthissongsunginJapanese.(Thissongwasoncesungin

17、Japanese.)(ThissongwasoncesunginJapanese.)Ididntwantthechildrentakenoutinsuchweather.Ididntwantthechildrentakenoutinsuchweather.(Thechildrenweretakenoutinsuchweather.)(Thechildrenweretakenoutinsuchweather.)第12页/共23页三三三三、在在在在用用用用现现现现在在在在分分分分词词词词或或或或不不不不定定定定式式式式作作作作宾宾宾宾语语语语补补补补足足足足语语语语的的的的动动动动词词词词中中中中

18、，有有有有些些些些只只只只能能能能用用用用现现现现在在在在分分分分词词词词作作作作宾宾宾宾语语语语补补补补足足足足语语语语；有有有有些些些些只只只只能能能能用用用用不不不不定定定定式式式式作作作作宾宾宾宾语语语语补补补补足足足足语语语语；还还还还有有有有的的的的动动动动词既能用现在分词又可用不定式作宾语补足语：词既能用现在分词又可用不定式作宾语补足语：词既能用现在分词又可用不定式作宾语补足语：词既能用现在分词又可用不定式作宾语补足语：1 1、只只能能用用现现在在分分词词作作宾宾语语补补足足语语的的动动词词有有：catch,catch,keep,keep,mind,mind,prevent,st

19、op,smell,excuseprevent,stop,smell,excuse等。例如：等。例如：Shecaughthersonsmokingacigarette.Shecaughthersonsmokingacigarette.Hiswordsstartedmethinking.Hiswordsstartedmethinking.2 2、只只能能用用不不定定式式作作宾宾语语补补足足语语的的动动词词有有：wish,wish,desire,desire,expect,expect,love,love,prefer,prefer,trust,trust,encourage,encourage,l

20、et,let,allow,allow,permit,permit,mean,mean,lead,lead,bring,bring,put,put,hurry,hurry,cause,cause,remind,remind,ask,ask,invite,invite,beg,beg,request,request,worry,worry,advise,advise,persuade,persuade,callcallon,on,tell,tell,order,order,command,command,require,require,make,make,force,force,drive,dri

21、ve,forbid,forbid,warn,warn,help,help,teach,teach,show,show,assist,assist,report,report,bear,bear,waitwaitforfor/think,think,take,know,judge,consider,suppose,believe,allow,prove,declaretake,know,judge,consider,suppose,believe,allow,prove,declare等。等。3 3、既既能能用用现现在在分分词词又又可可用用不不定定式式作作宾宾语语补补足足语语的的动动词词有有：s

22、ee,see,watch,watch,notice,notice,looklook at,at,observe,observe,listenlisten to,to,hear,hear,feel,feel,have,have,imagine,imagine,discover,like,want,understand,hate,get,set,leavediscover,like,want,understand,hate,get,set,leave等。等。第13页/共23页四、使用不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式符号四、使用不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式符号四、使用不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式符号四、

23、使用不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式符号 toto 的取舍问题：的取舍问题：的取舍问题：的取舍问题：1 1、在在hear,hear,listenlistento,to,let,let,have,have,make,make,see,see,watch,watch,notice,notice,observeobserve等等动动词后的不定式需省去词后的不定式需省去 toto。2 2、feelfeel一词，跟一词，跟 tobetobe型不定式带型不定式带 toto；跟；跟 todotodo型不定式不带型不定式不带 toto。3 3、helphelp一词后的不定式，可带一词后的不定式，可带 toto，也

24、可以不带，也可以不带 toto。（请参见（请参见“动词不定式动词不定式”一节）一节）第14页/共23页五五五五、在在在在复复复复合合合合宾宾宾宾语语语语中中中中，宾宾宾宾语语语语通通通通常常常常为为为为名名名名词词词词或或或或代代代代词词词词，但但但但有有有有时时时时也也也也可可可可以以以以用用用用不不不不定定定定式式式式（短短短短语语语语）、动动动动名名名名词词词词（短短短短语语语语）或或或或thatthat从从从从句句句句来来来来充充充充当当当当。这这这这时时时时，应应应应使使使使用用用用先先先先行行行行it it代代代代替替替替宾宾宾宾语语语语，而而而而将将将将真真真真正正正正的的的的宾

25、宾宾宾语语语语移移移移到到到到句句句句子子子子的后部，如：的后部，如：的后部，如：的后部，如：Ifeltitnecessarytospeakaboutourshortcomings.Ifeltitnecessarytospeakaboutourshortcomings.Doyouconsideritanygoodtryingagain?Doyouconsideritanygoodtryingagain?Weallthoughtitapitythatyoucouldntjoinus.Weallthoughtitapitythatyoucouldntjoinus.注注意意：在在这这种种结结构构中中

26、，宾宾语语补补足足语语通通常常为为名名词词或或形形容容词词；常常用用于这种结构的动词有：于这种结构的动词有：feel,find,think,make,take,judge,considerfeel,find,think,make,take,judge,consider等。等。第15页/共23页Practice第16页/共23页单句改错单句改错1.The speaker raised his voice but still couldnt make himself understand.2.We all elected Jason the monitor.3.The teacher asked

27、us not make so much noise.4.-What a nice fire you have in your fireplace!-During the winter I like my house warmly and comfortable.understoodtowarm第17页/共23页5.Dont leave the water run while you brush your teeth.6.He pushed the door opening.7.She looked around and caught a man put his hand into the po

28、cket of a passenger.8.With a lot of difficult problems settle,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.9.When I came in,I found a boy hide behind the door.10.It was a pity that the great writer died of his works unfinished.runningopenputtingtohiddenwith第18页/共23页1.Tellhim_thewindow.A.toshutn

29、otB.nottoshutC.tonotshutD.notshut2.-Theresaholeinyourbag.-Iknow,Imgoingtohaveit_.A.mendB.mendingC.mendedD.tobemended3.Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesister_,todayhewasmade_byhislittlesister.A.cry;tocryB.crying;cryingC.cry;cryD.tocry;cry4.Theywouldnotallowhim_acrosstheenemyline.A.toriskgoingB.riskingto

30、goC.forrisktogoD.riskgoing单项选择单项选择第19页/共23页5.Ifoundthedoor_whenIgothome.A.openedB.closeC.unlockingD.open6.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoD.donotto7.Icouldntdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise_.A.goingonB.goesonC.wentonD.togoon8.Withalotofdifficultproblem

31、s_,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled9.Iadvised_atonce.A.himtostartingB.himtostartC.tostartingD.tostart第20页/共23页10.WhenIputmyhandonhischest,Icouldfeelhisheartstill_.A.beatB.tobebeatingC.beatingD.wasbeating11.Youhadbettergetadoctor_yourbadtooth.A.pulloutB.topulloutC.pulledoutD.pullingout12.Hemanagedtomakehimself_withhis_English.A.understand;breakingB.understand;brokenC.understood;breakingD.understood;broken13.Thedoctoraskedhimnottoleavehiswound_.A.exposeB.exposedC.toexposeD.exposing第21页/共23页Thank you第22页/共23页谢谢您的观看！第23页/共23页