文化差异与跨文化交际.pptx

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1、会计学1文化差异与跨文化交际文化差异与跨文化交际 Ethnic refers to cultural heritage,and centrism refers to the central starting point or the tendency of people to put their own group at the center.Thus,ethnocentrism basically refers to judging other groups from ones own cultural point of view,or misinterpreting other cultu

2、res because one uses the concepts of his own culture.Lesson 10 The Green Banana To be continued on the next page.Ethnocentrism(种族优越论)II.Ethnocentrism and other related termsII.Ethnocentrism and other related termsII.Ethnocentrism and other related termsII.Ethnocentrism and other related terms 第2页/共3

3、7页Ethnocentrism can lead to making false assumptions about others ways based on ones own limited experience.The key word is assumptions,because we are not even aware that we are being ethnocentric.That is people dont understand that they dont understand.For example,American people often talk about B

4、ritish drivers driving on the wrong side of the road.They dont just say,opposite side or even left hand side.Everybody can be ethnocentric,as all of us around the world assume things about other peoples ways.Lesson 10 The Green BananaTo be continued on the next page.Ethnocentrism(种族优越论)II.Ethnocentr

5、ism and other related termsII.Ethnocentrism and other related termsII.Ethnocentrism and other related termsII.Ethnocentrism and other related terms 第3页/共37页Ethnocentrism may manifest itself in attitudes of superiority or sometimes hostility.Violence,discrimination,proselytizing,and verbal aggressive

6、ness are other means whereby ethnocentrism may be expressed.Why are people ethnocentric?It is normal to assume things on the basis of ones own experience,although it is sometimes wrong.Peoples perceptions of colors,time frames,values on industriousness,social roles,and beliefs about Life and the Uni

7、verse provide important meanings in daily life.Therefore,peoples limited experiences they have already had are the basis for interpreting new experiences,and in the case of others behaviors.Lesson 10 The Green BananaTo be continued on the next page.Ethnocentrism(种族优越论)II.Ethnocentrism and other rela

8、ted termsII.Ethnocentrism and other related termsII.Ethnocentrism and other related termsII.Ethnocentrism and other related terms 第4页/共37页What is the problem with ethnocentrism?Ethnocentrism leads people to make false assumptions about other peoples.People are ethnocentric when they use their cultur

9、al norms as a universal yardstick to make generalizations about other peoples cultures and customs.People of one culture may falsely distort what is meaningful and functional to other peoples through his own tinted glasses.At the best,people simply continue in his unawareness.You may be well meaning

10、 in interethnic relations,but can unintentionally offend others,generate ill feelings,and even set up situations that harm others.Ethnocentrism is evident in international relations,creating conflicts and inhibiting resolution of conflicts.There are extreme forms of ethnocentrism that pose serious s

11、ocial problems,such as racism,chauvinism,and ethnic cleansing.These views are generally condemned by the world community,but regular cases can be seen in the news.Lesson 10 The Green BananaTo be continued on the next page.Ethnocentrism(种族优越论)II.Ethnocentrism and other related termsII.Ethnocentrism a

12、nd other related termsII.Ethnocentrism and other related termsII.Ethnocentrism and other related terms 第5页/共37页What can we do about ethnocentrism?Addressing ethnocentrism is not a matter of just trying not to be ethnocentric.Since people will never experience every life situation of everyone around

13、the world,assumptions about life are based on existing limited experience.A more effective way is to catch yourself when you are being ethnocentric and seek to develop better understandings.Once we realize that we are not understanding,we are now in a better position to seek more valid and balanced

14、understandings.Lesson 10 The Green BananaTo be continued on the next page.Ethnocentrism(种族优越论)II.Ethnocentrism and other related termsII.Ethnocentrism and other related termsII.Ethnocentrism and other related termsII.Ethnocentrism and other related terms 第6页/共37页Chauvinism is a word derived from the

15、 name of Nicolas Chauvin,a soldier of the First French Empire.Used first for a passionate admiration of Napoleon,it now expresses exaggerated and aggressive nationalism.As a social phenomenon,chauvinism is essentially modern,becoming marked in the era of acute national rivalries and imperialism begi

16、nning in the 19th century.Chauvinism exalts consciousness of nationality,spreads hatred of minorities and other nations,and is associated with militarism,imperialism,and racism.In the 1960s,the term“male chauvinist”appeared in the womens liberation movement;it is applied to males who refuse to regar

17、d females as equals.Lesson 10 The Green BananaTo be continued on the next page.Chauvinism(沙文主义)II.Ethnocentrism and other related termsII.Ethnocentrism and other related termsII.Ethnocentrism and other related termsII.Ethnocentrism and other related terms 第7页/共37页Racism is the belief that race accou

18、nts for differences in human character or ability and that a particular race is superior to others.Sometimes,this term is also used to refer to discrimination or prejudice based on race.Lesson 10 The Green BananaTo be continued on the next page.Racism(种族主义)II.Ethnocentrism and other related termsII.

19、Ethnocentrism and other related termsII.Ethnocentrism and other related termsII.Ethnocentrism and other related terms 第8页/共37页Ethnocentrism is often linked to a sociological theory called cultural relativism.Cultural relativists assert that concepts are socially constructed and vary cross-culturally

20、.These concepts may include such fundamental notions as what is considered true,morally correct,and what constitutes knowledge or even reality itself.Lesson 10 The Green BananaTo be continued on the next page.Cultural Relativism (文化相对主义)II.Ethnocentrism and other related termsII.Ethnocentrism and ot

21、her related termsII.Ethnocentrism and other related termsII.Ethnocentrism and other related terms 第9页/共37页Cultural Relativism is an attempt to understand the cultural development of societies and social groups on their own terms,that is,without trying to impose absolute ideas of moral value or tryin

22、g to measure different cultural variations in terms of some form of absolute cultural standard.This may be a positive value in terms of interethnic relations.By cultural relativism,all cultures are equally worthy of respect and in studying another culture people need to suspend judgment,empathize an

23、d try and understand the way that particular culture sees the world.Lesson 10 The Green BananaTo be continued on the next page.Cultural RelativismII.Ethnocentrism and other related termsII.Ethnocentrism and other related termsII.Ethnocentrism and other related termsII.Ethnocentrism and other related

24、 terms 第10页/共37页In this sense,under specific circumstances,any form of human behavior can appear to be good or bad.People should suspend judgment,investigate,and try to be culturally relative in order to reach a thoughtful personal judgment.Cultural Relativism is a good approach to dismantle ethnoce

25、ntrism,chauvinism and racism.Lesson 10 The Green BananaThe end of Ethnocentrism.Cultural RelativismII.Ethnocentrism and other related termsII.Ethnocentrism and other related termsII.Ethnocentrism and other related termsII.Ethnocentrism and other related terms 第11页/共37页Lesson 10 The Green BananaIII.I

26、II.III.III.Inter-cultural UnderstandingInter-cultural UnderstandingInter-cultural UnderstandingInter-cultural UnderstandingThe world of today is drastically different from that of twenty,or even five years ago.The influence of economic globalization,the technological development and the cultural exc

27、hanges sets the scene.This development demands a completely new approach to any type of international relations.No matter who you are or where you live,no matter what nation or culture you come from,you will need to recognize one very important truth when you communicate with people in other countri

28、es.Other people may dress like you,speak the same language,but are not just like you.To be continued on the next page.第12页/共37页You may communicate with people that have very different histories,languages,and ways of doing and thinking.They may have a different sense of time,and a different sense of

29、humor.They may have different ways of expressing feelings,and different perceptions of many things in the world.In a word,they have different cultures.Lesson 10 The Green BananaIII.III.III.III.Inter-cultural UnderstandingInter-cultural UnderstandingInter-cultural UnderstandingInter-cultural Understa

30、ndingPlease think about your own relevant experience.To be continued on the next page.第13页/共37页Social issues form the backbone of any culture.People in different countries conduct their lives in different ways.It is far better to know the rules than to risk offending anyone.For example,people should

31、 know something about the country they are visitingits history,its people,its heritage.The preparation helps people make conversation and learn more from the experience.In addition,it is a sign of respect for those you are meeting.Inter-cultural understanding does not come overnight.It will only com

32、e with preparation,effort,and an open mind.Lesson 10 The Green BananaIII.III.III.III.Inter-cultural UnderstandingInter-cultural UnderstandingInter-cultural UnderstandingInter-cultural UnderstandingTo be continued on the next page.Please think about your own relevant experience.第14页/共37页Lesson 10 The

33、 Green BananaPicture tour of World ChinaTo be continued on the next page.III.III.III.III.Inter-cultural UnderstandingInter-cultural UnderstandingInter-cultural UnderstandingInter-cultural Understanding第15页/共37页Lesson 10 The Green BananaPicture tour of WorldTo be continued on the next page.III.III.II

34、I.III.Inter-cultural UnderstandingInter-cultural UnderstandingInter-cultural UnderstandingInter-cultural UnderstandingBritain第16页/共37页Lesson 10 The Green BananaPicture tour of WorldTo be continued on the next page.III.III.III.III.Inter-cultural UnderstandingInter-cultural UnderstandingInter-cultural

35、 UnderstandingInter-cultural UnderstandingEgypt第17页/共37页Lesson 10 The Green BananaPicture tour of WorldTo be continued on the next page.III.III.III.III.Inter-cultural UnderstandingInter-cultural UnderstandingInter-cultural UnderstandingInter-cultural UnderstandingGreece第18页/共37页Lesson 10 The Green B

36、ananaPicture tour of WorldTo be continued on the next page.III.III.III.III.Inter-cultural UnderstandingInter-cultural UnderstandingInter-cultural UnderstandingInter-cultural UnderstandingItaly第19页/共37页Lesson 10 The Green BananaPicture tour of WorldTo be continued on the next page.III.III.III.III.Int

37、er-cultural UnderstandingInter-cultural UnderstandingInter-cultural UnderstandingInter-cultural UnderstandingMorocco第20页/共37页Lesson 10 The Green BananaPicture tour of WorldTo be continued on the next page.III.III.III.III.Inter-cultural UnderstandingInter-cultural UnderstandingInter-cultural Understa

38、ndingInter-cultural UnderstandingNigeria第21页/共37页Lesson 10 The Green BananaPicture tour of WorldTo be continued on the next page.III.III.III.III.Inter-cultural UnderstandingInter-cultural UnderstandingInter-cultural UnderstandingInter-cultural UnderstandingBTLEWParis第22页/共37页Lesson 10 The Green Bana

39、naPicture tour of WorldTo be continued on the next page.III.III.III.III.Inter-cultural UnderstandingInter-cultural UnderstandingInter-cultural UnderstandingInter-cultural UnderstandingRussia第23页/共37页Lesson 10 The Green BananaPicture tour of WorldTo be continued on the next page.III.III.III.III.Inter

40、-cultural UnderstandingInter-cultural UnderstandingInter-cultural UnderstandingInter-cultural UnderstandingSouth Africa第24页/共37页Lesson 10 The Green BananaPicture tour of WorldTo be continued on the next page.III.III.III.III.Inter-cultural UnderstandingInter-cultural UnderstandingInter-cultural Under

41、standingInter-cultural UnderstandingSwitzerland第25页/共37页Lesson 10 The Green BananaPicture tour of WorldTo be continued on the next page.III.III.III.III.Inter-cultural UnderstandingInter-cultural UnderstandingInter-cultural UnderstandingInter-cultural UnderstandingAustralia第26页/共37页Lesson 10 The Gree

42、n BananaPicture tour of WorldThe end of the Inter-cultural understanding.III.III.III.III.Inter-cultural UnderstandingInter-cultural UnderstandingInter-cultural UnderstandingInter-cultural UnderstandingGreenland第27页/共37页Lesson 10 The Green BananaIV.IV.Culture Shock Culture Shock Click the picture for

43、 more information.第28页/共37页Lesson 10 The Green BananaIV.IV.Culture Shock Culture Shock _To be continued on the next page.The term,culture shock,was introduced for the first time in 1958 to describe the anxiety produced when a person moves to a completely new environment.This term expresses the lack

44、of direction,the feeling of not knowing what to do or how to do things in a new environment,and not knowing what is appropriate or inappropriate.The feeling of culture shock generally sets in after the first few weeks of coming to a new place.第29页/共37页Lesson 10 The Green BananaIV.IV.Culture Shock Cu

45、lture Shock _To be continued on the next page.We can describe culture shock as the physical and emotional discomfort one suffers when coming to live in another country or a place different from the place of origin.Often,the way that we lived before is not accepted as or considered as normal in the n

46、ew place.Everything is different,for example,not speaking the language,not knowing how to use banking machines,not knowing how to use the telephone and so forth.第30页/共37页Lesson 10 The Green BananaIV.IV.Culture Shock Culture Shock _The end of Cultural Shock.The symptoms of cultural shock can appear a

47、t different times.Although one can experience real pain from culture shock,it is also an opportunity for redefining ones life objectives.It is a great opportunity for learning and acquiring new perspectives.Culture shock can make one develop a better understanding of oneself and stimulate personal c

48、reativity.第31页/共37页Lesson 10 The Green BananaV.Tower of Babel V.Tower of Babel Click the picture for more information.To be continued on the next page.第32页/共37页Lesson 10 The Green BananaV.Tower of BabelV.Tower of Babel_To be continued on the next page.This allusion is from Old TestamentGenesis 11,in

49、dicating a sheer illusion.The whole world had one language and a common speech at the beginning.When people moved eastward,they found a plain in Shinar and settled there.第33页/共37页Lesson 10 The Green BananaV.Tower of BabelV.Tower of Babel_To be continued on the next page.They said to each other:“Come

50、,lets make bricks and bake them thoroughly,and build a city with a tower that reaches the heavens,so that we can make a name for ourselves and not be scattered over the face of the whole earth.”They used bricks instead of stone,tar for mortar to build the city.第34页/共37页Lesson 10 The Green BananaV.To