新闻英语状语从句.pptx

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1、会计学1新闻英语状语从句新闻英语状语从句 英汉语言分别隶属于不同语系，前者属于印欧语系，具有形合式的特点，而后者属于汉藏语系，具有意合式的特点。换言之，汉语语句在表达上主要依靠词序或语序，少用连词，而英语则不同，它必须要有相应的连词加以连接，但在翻译的过程中，往往不译出连词。如：Because heat does not take up any room and it does not weigh anything,it is not a material.热不占任何空间，也不具有什么重量，因此，它不叫材料。As the bit drills down,pipe is added length

2、 after length.随着钻头往下钻，管子一段一段地加接上去。第1页/共24页n n一、时间状语从句一、时间状语从句n n1.1.顺序译法顺序译法n n 状语从句位于主句之前状语从句位于主句之前n n1)Whenever we think hard,our brain produces special 1)Whenever we think hard,our brain produces special transport chemicals.transport chemicals.n n当我们思考时，我们的大脑产生特殊的传输化学物质。当我们思考时，我们的大脑产生特殊的传输化学物质。n

3、n2)After the new technique was developed,the problem of 2)After the new technique was developed,the problem of how to make a submarine hull strong enough to resist such how to make a submarine hull strong enough to resist such a great pressure was solved.a great pressure was solved.n n在新技术发展起来之后，才解决

4、了怎样使潜艇外壳的在新技术发展起来之后，才解决了怎样使潜艇外壳的强度足以抵抗这么巨大的压力问题。强度足以抵抗这么巨大的压力问题。第2页/共24页n n2.2.逆序译法逆序译法n n 状语从句在主句后，按照汉语的表达方式调整。状语从句在主句后，按照汉语的表达方式调整。n n1)All these factors should improve once the reduction plant 1)All these factors should improve once the reduction plant operations become fully stabilized and a sta

5、ndard steelmaking operations become fully stabilized and a standard steelmaking practice can be adopted.practice can be adopted.n n一旦还原装置的操作完全稳定，且能采用标准的炼钢一旦还原装置的操作完全稳定，且能采用标准的炼钢操作法，那么所有这些因素都会改善。操作法，那么所有这些因素都会改善。n n2)This occurred momentarily when operation was resumed 2)This occurred momentarily whe

6、n operation was resumed after a short interruption,when the reactors were still hot.after a short interruption,when the reactors were still hot.n n这种情况是经过短时间中断之后，在反应器仍然是热这种情况是经过短时间中断之后，在反应器仍然是热的情况下重新操作时产生的。的情况下重新操作时产生的。第3页/共24页n n3.3.分译译法分译译法n n 当顺序译法和逆序译法无法解决时，可以考当顺序译法和逆序译法无法解决时，可以考虑分译译法。把句子拆分为几个并列

7、的分句，虑分译译法。把句子拆分为几个并列的分句，或是状语式的并列成分。如：或是状语式的并列成分。如：n n1)He made notes as he prepared the experiment.1)He made notes as he prepared the experiment.n n他边准备实验，边做记录。他边准备实验，边做记录。n n2)The earth turns round its axis as it travels about 2)The earth turns round its axis as it travels about the sun.the sun.n n

8、地球一面绕太阳运行，一面绕地轴自转。地球一面绕太阳运行，一面绕地轴自转。n n3)Hardly had the operator pressed the button 3)Hardly had the operator pressed the button when all the electric machines began to work.when all the electric machines began to work.n n操作人员一按电钮，所有电机就开始运作。操作人员一按电钮，所有电机就开始运作。第4页/共24页n n4.4.转换译法转换译法n n由由whenwhen，whi

9、lewhile等引导的从句，有时看似时间状语，实等引导的从句，有时看似时间状语，实则具有条件、让步从句等意义。翻译时采取转换法处则具有条件、让步从句等意义。翻译时采取转换法处理。前提：不违背原文意义，同时符合汉语表达方式。理。前提：不违背原文意义，同时符合汉语表达方式。n n1)Cracks will come out clean when treated by ultrasonic 1)Cracks will come out clean when treated by ultrasonic waves.waves.n n如果以超声波处理，缝隙就会变得很洁净。（条件）如果以超声波处理，缝隙就

10、会变得很洁净。（条件）n n2)Turn off the switch when anything goes wrong with the 2)Turn off the switch when anything goes wrong with the machine.machine.n n如果机器发生故障，（那么）请将电门关上。（假设）如果机器发生故障，（那么）请将电门关上。（假设）第5页/共24页n n二、地点状语从句二、地点状语从句n n1.1.顺序译法顺序译法n n1)Wherever you are on the earth,you are not free from the 1)Wh

11、erever you are on the earth,you are not free from the force of gravity.force of gravity.n n不管你在地球上的什么地方，都摆脱不了重力。不管你在地球上的什么地方，都摆脱不了重力。n n2)We use insulators to prevent electrical charges from going 2)We use insulators to prevent electrical charges from going where they are not wanted.where they are n

12、ot wanted.n n我们使用绝缘子是为了防止电荷跑到不需要的地方去。我们使用绝缘子是为了防止电荷跑到不需要的地方去。n n2.2.逆序译法逆序译法n n1)Earthworms exist wherever adequate moisture and food and 1)Earthworms exist wherever adequate moisture and food and the necessary soil conditions are food.the necessary soil conditions are food.n n只要有足够湿度，食物和必要的土壤条件的地方就

13、有蚯只要有足够湿度，食物和必要的土壤条件的地方就有蚯蚓。蚓。n n2)A signal will be shown wherever anything wrong occurs in 2)A signal will be shown wherever anything wrong occurs in the control system.the control system.n n无论控制系统什么部位出现故障，都会给出信号。无论控制系统什么部位出现故障，都会给出信号。第6页/共24页n n3.3.转换译法转换译法n n1)It is hoped that solar energy will f

14、ind wide application 1)It is hoped that solar energy will find wide application wherever it becomes available.wherever it becomes available.n n可以期望太阳能将得到广泛的利用，以致任何地方都可以期望太阳能将得到广泛的利用，以致任何地方都可以使用。（地点可以使用。（地点结果）结果）n n2)Wherever the circuit is complex,the test sequence needs 2)Wherever the circuit is co

15、mplex,the test sequence needs to be computer controlled.to be computer controlled.n n遇到复杂的电路时，需要用计算机控制测试程序。遇到复杂的电路时，需要用计算机控制测试程序。（地点（地点时间）时间）n n3)Where the meter is too large a unit to be used 3)Where the meter is too large a unit to be used conveniently,we may use the micrometer.conveniently,we may

16、 use the micrometer.n n如米作长度单位过大，用起来不方便，则可改用微米。如米作长度单位过大，用起来不方便，则可改用微米。（地点（地点条件）条件）第7页/共24页n n三、原因状语从句三、原因状语从句n n1.1.顺序译法顺序译法n n1)Duralumin is now used in making aero planes because it 1)Duralumin is now used in making aero planes because it is both light and strong.is both light and strong.n n硬铝现在用

17、于飞机制造，因为他重量轻，强度大。硬铝现在用于飞机制造，因为他重量轻，强度大。n n2)Since transistors are extremely small in size and require 2)Since transistors are extremely small in size and require only small amount of energy,they can make previously large only small amount of energy,they can make previously large equipment much small

18、er.equipment much smaller.n n由于晶体管的体积非常小，而且只需要少量电能，它由于晶体管的体积非常小，而且只需要少量电能，它们能使原来庞大的设备缩小许多。们能使原来庞大的设备缩小许多。n n3)The material first used was copper for the reason that it is 3)The material first used was copper for the reason that it is easily obtained in its pure state.easily obtained in its pure stat

19、e.n n最先使用的材料是铜，因为纯铜易于制取。最先使用的材料是铜，因为纯铜易于制取。第8页/共24页n n2.2.逆序译法逆序译法n n1)The crops failed because the season was dry.1)The crops failed because the season was dry.n n因为气候干旱，作物欠收。因为气候干旱，作物欠收。n n2)Some sulphur dioxide is liberated when coal,2)Some sulphur dioxide is liberated when coal,heavy oil and gas

20、 burn,because they all contain heavy oil and gas burn,because they all contain sulphur compounds.sulphur compounds.n n因为煤、重油和煤气都含有硫化物，所以它们因为煤、重油和煤气都含有硫化物，所以它们燃烧时会释放出一些二氧化硫。燃烧时会释放出一些二氧化硫。第9页/共24页n n3.3.转换译法转换译法n n有时原因状语可以转译成结果状语从句或具有推理关有时原因状语可以转译成结果状语从句或具有推理关系的其他从句。系的其他从句。n n1)Because he was convince

21、d of the accuracy of this factor,1)Because he was convinced of the accuracy of this factor,he stuck to his opinion.he stuck to his opinion.n n他深信这一事实正确可靠，因此他坚持己见。他深信这一事实正确可靠，因此他坚持己见。n n2)Since information is continuously sent into the system as 2)Since information is continuously sent into the syste

22、m as it becomes available,teletext is always kept up-to-date.it becomes available,teletext is always kept up-to-date.n n新获得的资料不断输入，所以电视传真文字系统总是新获得的资料不断输入，所以电视传真文字系统总是保持最新水平。保持最新水平。n n3)since sound travels through air,there is no sound 3)since sound travels through air,there is no sound without it.wi

23、thout it.n n既然声音是通过空气传播的，没既然声音是通过空气传播的，没 有空气，就不会有有空气，就不会有声音。声音。第10页/共24页n n四、结果状语从句n n通常英汉两种语言中的结果状语从句都放在主句通常英汉两种语言中的结果状语从句都放在主句后，多数情况下采取顺序译法。后，多数情况下采取顺序译法。n n1.1.顺译法顺译法n nThe computer should be designed in such a fashion that The computer should be designed in such a fashion that it can find the ri

24、ght bit of knowledge at the right times.it can find the right bit of knowledge at the right times.n n计算机的设计应做到能适时找到合适的知识计算机的设计应做到能适时找到合适的知识。第11页/共24页n n2.2.转译法转译法n n有时，结果状语从句可以转译为并列句或是一个汉语有时，结果状语从句可以转译为并列句或是一个汉语中的单句，符合汉语中的表达习惯。如：中的单句，符合汉语中的表达习惯。如：n n1)Some stars are so far away that their light rays

25、 must travel 1)Some stars are so far away that their light rays must travel for thousands of years to reach us.for thousands of years to reach us.n n有些恒星十分遥远，它们的光线要经过几千年才能到有些恒星十分遥远，它们的光线要经过几千年才能到达地球。达地球。n n2)Electricity is such an important energy that modern 2)Electricity is such an important energ

26、y that modern industry couldnindustry couldn t develop without it.t develop without it.n n电是一种非常重要的能源，没有它现代工业就不能发电是一种非常重要的能源，没有它现代工业就不能发展。展。n n3)A floating body sinks to a depth such that it displaces its 3)A floating body sinks to a depth such that it displaces its own weight of liquid.own weight o

27、f liquid.n n浮体浸入液体刚好到排开与其等重液体的深度。浮体浸入液体刚好到排开与其等重液体的深度。第12页/共24页n n五、条件状语从句五、条件状语从句n n主要由主要由if if，unlessunless，as/so long asas/so long as，on condition on condition thatthat等连接词引导，逻辑上与汉语假设复句大等连接词引导，逻辑上与汉语假设复句大体一致。体一致。n n1.1.顺译法顺译法n nIf something has the ability to adjust itself to the If something has

28、 the ability to adjust itself to the environment,we say it has intelligence.environment,we say it has intelligence.n n如果某物具有适应环境的能力，我们就说它如果某物具有适应环境的能力，我们就说它具有智力。具有智力。第13页/共24页n n2.2.转换译法转换译法n n1)If heroin is so harmful,why do so many people 1)If heroin is so harmful,why do so many people use the dru

29、g?use the drug?n n如果海洛因非常有害，为什么吸食海洛因的如果海洛因非常有害，为什么吸食海洛因的人还有如此之多。（条件人还有如此之多。（条件原因）原因）n n2)If water contains hydrogen and oxygen,you do 2)If water contains hydrogen and oxygen,you do not see it at all.not see it at all.n n水虽然含有氢和氧，但在水中却根本看不到。水虽然含有氢和氧，但在水中却根本看不到。(条件条件让步让步)第14页/共24页n n虚拟语气虚拟语气-非真实条件句非真实

30、条件句n n可采用可采用if if条件句，顺译法。条件句，顺译法。n n1)Were there no electric pressure in a semiconductor the 1)Were there no electric pressure in a semiconductor the electron flow would not take place in it.electron flow would not take place in it.n n如果半导体中没有电压，其内部就不会产生电流。如果半导体中没有电压，其内部就不会产生电流。n n2)Had the French i

31、nventor tried to model his plane on 2)Had the French inventor tried to model his plane on every detail of a birdevery detail of a bird s wing,he would not have succeeded in s wing,he would not have succeeded in flying it.flying it.n n要是那个法国发明家力图模仿鸟翼的每个细节来造他要是那个法国发明家力图模仿鸟翼的每个细节来造他的飞机的话，他就不会使它飞起来。的飞机的

32、话，他就不会使它飞起来。n n3)Should something go wrong,the control rod would drop.3)Should something go wrong,the control rod would drop.n n万一发生什么事故，控制棒就会落下来。万一发生什么事故，控制棒就会落下来。第15页/共24页n n六、方式状语从句n n1)1)顺译法顺译法n nJust as 26 letter combine to form the words of our Just as 26 letter combine to form the words of ou

33、r language,20 amino acids combine to form all proteins language,20 amino acids combine to form all proteins found in nature.found in nature.n n正像正像2626个字母可以组成英语的所有单词那样，个字母可以组成英语的所有单词那样，2020种氨基酸可以构成自然界存在的各种蛋白质。种氨基酸可以构成自然界存在的各种蛋白质。第16页/共24页n n2.变序译法n n1)Gases have no definite shape as liquids.1)Gases

34、have no definite shape as liquids.n n气体和液体一样没有固定的形状。气体和液体一样没有固定的形状。n n2)Light as it comes from a laser is essentially of 2)Light as it comes from a laser is essentially of one color-that is,it is one frequency,or one wave one color-that is,it is one frequency,or one wave length.length.n n激光器发出的光只有一种

35、颜色，也就是说它激光器发出的光只有一种颜色，也就是说它只有一个频率，即一个波长。只有一个频率，即一个波长。第17页/共24页n n3.3.转换译法转换译法n n1 1）The computer as it seems to play the role of a The computer as it seems to play the role of a human brain is often called an electronic brain.human brain is often called an electronic brain.n n由于计算机的作用类似于人脑，所以常称之由于计算

36、机的作用类似于人脑，所以常称之为电脑。（方式为电脑。（方式-原因）原因）n n2)It was then that scientists discovered the great 2)It was then that scientists discovered the great value of penicillin as we know it today.value of penicillin as we know it today.n n正是在那时，科学家们才发现了如今所知的正是在那时，科学家们才发现了如今所知的青霉素的巨大价值。（方式青霉素的巨大价值。（方式-定语从句）定语从句）第18

37、页/共24页n n七、目的状语从句七、目的状语从句n n1.1.n n1)Many machine parts are now made of plastics instead of 1)Many machine parts are now made of plastics instead of metals so that their weight may be decreased.metals so that their weight may be decreased.n n现在许多机器零件不用金属而用塑料制造，现在许多机器零件不用金属而用塑料制造，为是为是减轻重减轻重量。（目的）量。（目

38、的）n n2)The negative work should be maintained at as low a value 2)The negative work should be maintained at as low a value as possible for a given pressure ratio,so that a maximum as possible for a given pressure ratio,so that a maximum amount for useful work may be obtained.amount for useful work m

39、ay be obtained.n n在给定的压力比下，负功应当维持在尽可能低的数值上，在给定的压力比下，负功应当维持在尽可能低的数值上，以便以便可以获得最大的有用功。（目的可以获得最大的有用功。（目的)第19页/共24页n n2.2.逆序译法逆序译法n nHe pushed open the door gently and stole out of the room He pushed open the door gently and stole out of the room for fear that he should awake her.for fear that he should

40、awake her.n n为了不惊醒她，他轻轻推开房门，悄悄地溜了出去。为了不惊醒她，他轻轻推开房门，悄悄地溜了出去。n n3.3.变序译法变序译法n n1)We do our utmost in order that we may be able to fulfill 1)We do our utmost in order that we may be able to fulfill the task.the task.n n我们为提前完成任务而全力以赴。我们为提前完成任务而全力以赴。n n2)Scientists are working hard to quicken the pace a

41、t which 2)Scientists are working hard to quicken the pace at which artificial intelligence is improving so that computers can do artificial intelligence is improving so that computers can do even more work for human beings.even more work for human beings.n n科学家们为使计算机能为人类做更多的工作而努力工科学家们为使计算机能为人类做更多的工作

42、而努力工作来加速改善人工智能的步伐。作来加速改善人工智能的步伐。第20页/共24页n n八、让步状语从句八、让步状语从句n n1.1.顺译法顺译法n n1)Although he seems hearty and outgoing in 1)Although he seems hearty and outgoing in public,Mr.Cooks is a withdrawn,introverted man.public,Mr.Cooks is a withdrawn,introverted man.n n虽然库克斯先生在公共场所是热情而开朗的，虽然库克斯先生在公共场所是热情而开朗的，但

43、他却是孤僻的、性格内向的人。但他却是孤僻的、性格内向的人。n n2)Even though automatic machines can do many 2)Even though automatic machines can do many things that man does,they cannot replace man.things that man does,they cannot replace man.n n虽然自动化的机器能做人所做的许多事，但虽然自动化的机器能做人所做的许多事，但是它不能代替人。是它不能代替人。第21页/共24页n n2.2.逆序法逆序法n nHe got

44、 the same result whichever way he did the He got the same result whichever way he did the experiment.experiment.n n不论用什么方法来做实验，他所得到的结果不论用什么方法来做实验，他所得到的结果都相同。都相同。n n九、比较状语从句九、比较状语从句n n1.1.顺译法顺译法n nThis year it is estimated that the outlays for war This year it is estimated that the outlays for war wi

45、ll come to only half last yearwill come to only half last year s figure.s figure.n n估计今年的战争费用仅为去年的一半。估计今年的战争费用仅为去年的一半。第22页/共24页2.2.变序译法变序译法变序译法变序译法Sound travels not so fast in gases as in liquids.Sound travels not so fast in gases as in liquids.声音在气体中没有像在液体中传播那么快。声音在气体中没有像在液体中传播那么快。声音在气体中没有像在液体中传播那么快。声音在气体中没有像在液体中传播那么快。The universe is much more complicated than you The universe is much more complicated than you think.think.宇宙要比你想象的复杂得多。宇宙要比你想象的复杂得多。宇宙要比你想象的复杂得多。宇宙要比你想象的复杂得多。第23页/共24页