汽车底盘构造汽车自动变速器.pptx

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1、会计学1汽车底盘构造汽车自动变速器汽车底盘构造汽车自动变速器一、行星齿轮机构一、行星齿轮机构行星行星齿轮齿轮中心中心齿轮齿轮行星行星架架齿圈齿圈组装组装图图第1页/共29页第2页/共29页行星齿轮机构的组成行星齿轮机构的组成第3页/共29页二、行星齿轮变速原理二、行星齿轮变速原理行星轮力平衡条件：行星轮力平衡条件：n nF F1 1=F=F2 2n nF F3 3=-2F=-2F1 1三元件上的力矩分别为：三元件上的力矩分别为：n n 太阳轮太阳轮MM1 1=F=F1 1r r1 1n n=z2/z1=r2/r1,=z2/z1=r2/r1,n n r3=(r1+r2)/2 r3=(r1+r2)

2、/2 n n齿圈齿圈M2=FM2=F2 2r r2 2=F=F1 1r r1 1n n 行星架行星架 MM3 3=F=F3 3r r3 3=-(+1)F=-(+1)F1 1r r1 1能量守恒三元件输入和输出功率能量守恒三元件输入和输出功率的代数和等于零的代数和等于零MM1 1 1 1+M+M2 2+M+M3 3=0=0n n1 1+n+n2 2-(1+)n-(1+)n3 3=0=0r第4页/共29页1.行星齿轮机构变速比计算行星齿轮机构变速比计算n n传动比i=从动件齿 数/主动件齿数n nn n1+n2-(1+)n3=0第5页/共29页2.变速原理（加速）变速原理（加速）n n 当太阳轮固

3、定，行星当太阳轮固定，行星架输入，齿圈输出时架输入，齿圈输出时传动比为：传动比为：n nn n1 1+n+n2 2-(1+)n-(1+)n3 3=0=0n n n1=0n1=0n ni=n3/n2=/(1+1/)i=n3/n2=/(1+1/)1 1为超速传动为超速传动行星架和齿圈转向相行星架和齿圈转向相同。同。第6页/共29页3.变速原理（加速）变速原理（加速）n n当齿圈固定，当齿圈固定，n n行星架输入，行星架输入，n n太阳轮输出时太阳轮输出时n n为超速传动，为超速传动，n n传动比为：传动比为：n ni=n3/n1=/(1+)i=n3/n1=/(1+)1 1n n行星架和太阳行星架和

4、太阳n n轮转向相同。轮转向相同。第7页/共29页4.变速原理（减速）变速原理（减速）n n当齿圈固定，当齿圈固定，n n太阳轮输入，太阳轮输入，n n行星架输出行星架输出时时n n为为减速传动减速传动，n n传动比为：传动比为：n ni=n1/n3=1+n n行星架和太行星架和太阳阳n n轮转向相同。轮转向相同。第8页/共29页5.变速原理（减速）变速原理（减速）n n当太阳轮固当太阳轮固n n定齿圈输入，定齿圈输入，n n行星架输出行星架输出时时n n为为减速传动减速传动，n n传动比为：传动比为：n ni=n2/n3=1+1i=n2/n3=1+1/n n齿圈和行星齿圈和行星架架n n转向

5、转向相同相同。第9页/共29页6.变速原理（倒挡）变速原理（倒挡）n n当行星架固定，当行星架固定，n n太阳轮输入，太阳轮输入，n n齿圈输出时，齿圈输出时，n n为减速传动，为减速传动，n n传动比为：传动比为：n nn n1 1+n+n2 2-(1+)n-(1+)n3 3=0=0n nn3=0n3=0n nn1/n2=-n1/n2=-n n太阳轮和齿圈太阳轮和齿圈n n转向相反。转向相反。第10页/共29页7.转速及旋转方向转速及旋转方向固定件固定件主动件主动件 从动件从动件 转速转速旋转方向旋转方向齿圈齿圈太阳轮太阳轮 行星架行星架 减速减速与主动件同向与主动件同向行星架行星架 太阳轮

6、太阳轮 加速加速太阳轮太阳轮齿圈齿圈行星架行星架 减速减速与主动件同向与主动件同向行星架行星架齿圈齿圈加速加速行星架行星架太阳轮太阳轮齿圈齿圈减速减速与主动件反向与主动件反向齿圈齿圈太阳轮太阳轮 加速加速第11页/共29页Planetenbersetzung Formeltabelle第12页/共29页 三、行星齿轮机构在自动变速器上的应三、行星齿轮机构在自动变速器上的应三、行星齿轮机构在自动变速器上的应三、行星齿轮机构在自动变速器上的应用用用用有三个行星排，可组合出四个档位有三个行星排，可组合出四个档位不同行星排有的元件是公用的不同行星排有的元件是公用的固定元件的动作由制动器和单向离合器完成

7、固定元件的动作由制动器和单向离合器完成第13页/共29页15Automatic Transmission Gearsets第14页/共29页16Simple Gear SetA planetary gear set has three major components:A sun gear in the center,A planet carrier with two or more pinion gears,and A ring/internal gear.These are also called members.Ring/Internal GearSun GearCarrier with

8、 Planet Pinion Gears第15页/共29页17Connections,InputAt least one,or two,of these members will be connected to the torque converter through a multidisc clutch.It can be the input when the clutch is applied.This ring/internal gear can be driven by the forward clutchFront Ring/Internal GearForward ClutchAn

9、imation:Clutch Operation第16页/共29页18Connections,OutputAt least one of the members will be connected to the transmission output shaft so it can transfer torque to the final drive.Splines are used to connect this front carrier to the output shaft.Note that a complete planetary gearset is shown with all

10、 three members.Output ShaftFront CarrierSplines第17页/共29页19Connections,ReactionWhen a gear ratio change is desired,one of the members must be held stationary in reaction.This carrier can be held by a roller clutch or multidisc clutch.A band is also used to hold the reaction member.Rear Carrier with L

11、o&Rev.Clutch HubRear Clutch HousingRoller ClutchAnimation:One-Way Roller Clutch第18页/共29页20Carrier with PinionsThis carrier has four pinion gears.The carrier is constructed so that it can be held in reaction by a multidisc clutch.It is also connected to another gearset member.Hub for Lo and Reverse C

12、lutchPlanet Pinion Gear第19页/共29页21Planet Pinions The pinion gears are mounted in the carrier so they can rotate freely on their shaft.Parts of a carrier are shown.Pinion GearNeedle BearingsPinion Pin/ShaftThrust WasherThrust Washer第20页/共29页22Simpson Gear SetThis gear set combines portions of two sim

13、ple gear sets as shown.The front ring gear and sun gears are inputs.Some internal parts are not shown第21页/共29页23Ravigneaux GearsetMost transmissions use a more complex gearset.Some use a Ravigneaux design that has two sun gears of different sizes and a carrier with two set of planet pinions,a long a

14、nd a short set.This gearset can produce four forward speeds plus a reverse.Ring GearLong Pinion GearShort Pinion GearLarge/Front Sun Gear Small/Rear Sun GearCarrier第22页/共29页24Ravigneaux Gearset,ExplodedReverse Sun GearForward Sun GearRing GearShort PinionLong PinionThis AOD-E gear set has four forwa

15、rd speeds plus reverse and neutral.Carrier第23页/共29页25Simpson GearsetThis gearset is used in many 3-speed transmissions.It uses two planetary sets with a common sun gear.Sun GearRear Ring/Annulus GearRear CarrierFront Ring/Annulus GearFront Carrier第24页/共29页26Four Speed GearsetThis modern 4-speed tran

16、smission uses a complex gearset.Two planetary sets are used with the ring/annulus gear of each set combined with the carrier of the second set.Front Sun GearRear Sun GearRear Carrier&Front Annulus/Ring Gear/Output ShaftFront Carrier&Rear Annulus/Ring Gear第25页/共29页27Shift ControlAutomatic transmissio

17、ns use different driving devices,usually multiplate clutches,to send the power flow to the proper gearset member and different reaction devices to hold the proper member in reaction.These members are applied or released to get the proper gear ratio.第26页/共29页28Shift ControlAutomatic trans-missions us

18、e differ-ent driving devices,usually multiplate clutches,to send the power flow to the proper gearset member and differ-ent reaction devices to hold the proper member in reaction.第27页/共29页29Planetary OperationThis chart shows how a simple planetary gearset can produce six different gear ratios depending on which member is driven or held.In addition to the three reduction or overdrive(OD)or forward or reverse ratios,a direct drive,1:1,ratio occurs if two members are driven.Neutral results if no members are driven.#1:#2:#3:#4:#5:#6:第28页/共29页