英语句子成分及简单句分析讲解.pptx

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1、会计学1英语句子成分及简单句分析讲解英语句子成分及简单句分析讲解一、谓语一、谓语由此可见，一个句子的核心是谓语动词，那么，谓语动词的形式有哪些呢？谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语（动词+介词/副词）构成。如：He works in this factory.I like reading books.They look after the old man.第1页/共30页2、复合谓语复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词（短语）原形构成，可构成某种时态或语态。（初中英语8中时态：

2、一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时）如：You may keep the book for two weeks.I will go to Beijing tomorrow.He has caught a bad cold.Suddenly,the clouds cleared and the rain stopped.we would never permit such a thing.He is looking for his English book.She was watching TV at 8 oclock yesterda

3、y evening.A tiger was killed by the hunter.第2页/共30页 系动词的分类：1）状态系动词 用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，例如：He is a teacher.他是一名教师。2）持续系动词 用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep,remain,stay,lie,stand,例如：He always kept silent at meeting.他开会时总保持沉默。This matter remains a mystery.此事仍是一个谜。The shop stays open until 9 oclock.第3页/共30页3）表像系动词

4、 用来表示看起来像这一概念，主要有seem,appear,look,例如：He looks tired.他看起来很累。He seems(to be)very sad.他看起来很伤心。4）感官系动词 感官系动词主要有feel,smell,sound,taste,例如：This kind of cloth feels very soft.这种布手感很软。This flower smells very sweet.这朵花闻起来很香。第4页/共30页5）变化系动词 这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.例如：He be

5、came mad after that.自那之后，他疯了。She grew rich within a short time.她没多长时间就富了。6）终止系动词 表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove,trun out,表达证实，变成之意，例如：The rumor proved false.这谣言证实有假。The search proved difficult.搜查证实很难。His plan turned out a success.他的计划终于成功了。（turn out表终止性结果）第5页/共30页练习：找出下列句子的谓语部分The bus stopped.He smiles.The conc

6、ert has ended.We must wait for her.The car wont go.The baby can talk.He walked to the store.Our house lies between the trees and the river.She is doing well at school.Beautiful flowers bloom（盛开）in the garden in spring.It rained heavily last night.The old lady was cheated by the man.She graduated fro

7、m the language college.The child behaved（举止）badly at the party.第6页/共30页The plate was broken by the dog.Our work will be finished by the end of next week.The plane will take off soon.They talked for two hours.He will fly to Beijing tomorrow.A lot of trees are being cut down.I come to see you.He was r

8、unning on the playground.My father went to the beach to spend his weekend.第7页/共30页The river has been polluted.He comes back to look for his wallet.We went to the theater last night to watch a new play.I get up early in order to have time to read English.He hurried so as to catch the sky train.Most o

9、f the things can be bought on the Internet.He ran to the station only to find the train left.They walked into the garden.第8页/共30页二、二、主语主语从位置关系上看，主语通常是在谓语之前（除了倒装句），因此，找准了谓语，主语自然就显露出来了。主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：During the 1990s,American country music has become more

10、and more popular.（名词）We often speak English in class.（代词）One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）第9页/共30页The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）When we are going to have an English test has not been deci

11、ded.（主语从句）It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）第10页/共30页三、三、表语表语明确了系动词，表语就容易了。系动词后所给的就是表语，但要注意be动词的使用，并非be动词所跟的都是表语，要注意区分；be+V-ing构成进行时，be+V-ed构成被动语态；在这两结构中的be动词没有实际意义；而做系动词使用的be动词，表示“是”的意思，或者表示主语所处的状态。判断这些句子的类型并理解be动词的用法（连系动词助动词）1.The boy is asleep(_式)2.The boy is slee

12、ping.(_式)3.The boy is playing the guitar.(_式)4.He is playing happily.(_式)5.His music is very beautiful.(_式)6.It is beautiful music.(_式)第11页/共30页表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如：Our teacher of English is an American.（名词）I

13、s it yours?（代词）The weather has turned cold.（形容词）The speech is exciting.（分词）Three times seven is twenty one?（数词）His job is to teach English.（不定式）His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词）The machine must be out of order.（介词短语）Time is up.The class is over.（副词）The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语

14、从句）第12页/共30页四、四、宾语宾语宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词（短语）和介词后面，因此在学习中，要注意掌握动词（短语）的词性。例如：They saw an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词）The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代词）How many dictionaries do you have?I have five.（数词）They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）He pretended

15、 not to see me.（不定式短语）I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语）I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）第13页/共30页双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary,please.bring sb.sth.=bring sth.to sb.把某物带给某人lend sb.sth.=lend sth.to sb.把某物借给某人offer sb.sth.=offer sth.to sb.将某物给某人pass sb.sth.=pass sth.to s

16、b.把某物递给某人show sb.sth.=show sth.to sb.拿某物给某人看 tell sb.sth.=tell sth.to sb.告诉某人某情况第14页/共30页buy sb.sth.=buy sth.for sb.为某人买某物get sb.sth.=get sth.for sb.为某人拿来某物make sb.sth.=make sth.for sb.为某人做某物prepare sb.sth.=prepare sth.for sb.为某人准备某物第15页/共30页五、宾语补足语五、宾语补足语英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有

17、宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等)+宾语+宾补。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如：His father named him Dongming.（名词）They painted their boat white.（形容词）Let the fresh air in.（副词）You mustnt force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语）We saw her entering the room.（现在分词）第16页/共30页1.They are painting the door green.2.They

18、find the house empty 3.What makes him so happy?4.We saw him out.5.He asked me to come back soon.6.I saw them getting on the bus.第17页/共30页区分宾补和双宾语的方法区分宾补和双宾语的方法：通常在宾语和补语之间加上“是”，意思是合理的。We make him our monitor.可以得出“他是我们的班长”He gave me a book.则不能说“我是一本书”We find the hall full.His father named him Dongming

19、.Bring me todays paper.He asked me some questions.第18页/共30页六、定语六、定语修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示：Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）China is a developing country;America is a developed country.（分词）There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名词）His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词）Ou

20、r monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词）He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语）第19页/共30页七、状语七、状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。How about meeting again at six?（时间状语）Last night she didnt go to the da

21、nce party because of the rain.（原因状语）I shall go there if it doesnt rain.（条件状语）Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语）She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语）She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语）In order to catch up with the others,I must work harder.（目的状语）He was so tired th

22、at he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语）She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语）I am taller than he is.（比较状语）第20页/共30页练习：（一）划出所要求的句子成分。1.The students got on the school bus.（主语，定语）2.He handed me the newspaper.间接宾语3.I shall answer your question after class.谓语，状语4.What a beautiful Chinese painting!定语5.

23、They went hunting together early in the morning.状语，状语6.His job is to train swimmers.定语，表语7.He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.宾语，状语8.There is going to be an American film tonight.谓语，主语9.He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.谓语10.His wish is to become a scientist.主语，表语第21页/共30页11.He managed

24、 to finish the work in time.谓语，宾语12.Tom came to ask me for advice.状语13.He found it important to master English.形式宾语，真正宾语14.Do you have anything else to say?宾语、定语15.To be honest,your pronunciation is not so good.插入语16.Would you please tell me your address?宾语(间宾+直宾)17.He sat there,reading a newspaper.

25、状语，状语18.It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.形式主语，表语，宾补19.He noticed a man enter the room.宾补 20.The apples tasted sweet.表语第22页/共30页（二）分析以下句子的句型结构（说出下来简单句的类型）1.Mother is my hero.2.The story sounds interesting and instructive.3.The meeting begins at half past nine.4.I wrote a passage la

26、st night.5.The singer sang another song.6.I bought Mary a book.7.He left happily.8.Mr.Chen teaches us Chinese.9.You Show me your license.10.We thought this job easy.第23页/共30页11.He is running.12.The loud voice from the upstairs made him angry.13.The little boy is asking the teacher all kinds of quest

27、ions.14.She seemed angry.15.My father bought me a beautiful present.16.Why do you keep your eyes closed?17.Will you tell us an exciting story?18.We must keep our classroom tidy and clean.19.I heard the baby crying in the sitting room.20.Can you push the window open?第24页/共30页 并列句并列句并列句的分类1、表示连接两个同等概念

28、，常用and,not onlybut also,neithernor,then等连接。e.g.The teachers name is Smith,and the students name is John.He not only gave us a lot of advice,but also helped us to study English.第25页/共30页2、表示选择，常用的连词有or,eitheror,otherwise等。e.g.Hurry up,or youll miss the train.Hurry up,or(else)youll be late.快点，否则就会迟到了。

29、Will he still be there or will he have gone away?你那时还在那里还是可能已经走了？You must go early,otherwise you will miss the bus.你好得早点走，否则就赶不上公共汽车了。Either Tom is coming or his sisters are.不是汤姆就是她的姐妹们要来。第26页/共30页3、表示转折，常用的连词有but,still,however,yet,while,when等。e.g.He was a little man with thick glasses,but he had a

30、strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.It never rains but it pours.祸不单行。壹壹英语论坛 I like tea while she likes coffee.我喜欢喝茶而她喜欢喝咖啡。She said she would be late,yet she arrived on time.她说她会迟到，但她却准时到达了。She looks very young,but she is already in her 30s.她看上去很年轻,可是她已三十多岁了。第27页/共30页4、表示因果关系，常用

31、的连词有so,for,therefore等。e.g.August is the time of the year for rive harvest,so every day I work from dawn until dark.I am thirsty,for it is hot.我口渴，因为天气太热。The manager was ill so I went in her place.经理病了所以我代她去。第28页/共30页 复合句复合句复合句（Complex Sentence）由一个主句（Principal Clause）和一个或一个以上的从句（Subordinate Clause）构成。主句是全句的主体，通常可以独立存在；从句则是一个句子成分，不能独立存在。从句不能单独成句，但它也有主语部分和谓语部分，就像一个句子一样。所不同在于，从句须由一个关联词引导。第29页/共30页