句子成分的讲解(教育精品).ppt

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1、高三英语总复习语法系列训练高三英语总复习语法系列训练基本句型基本句型4/17/20231什么是句子？什么是句子？句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的，是句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的，是能表达一个完整概念的语言单位句子的第能表达一个完整概念的语言单位句子的第一个字母必须一个字母必须大写大写，结尾要有，结尾要有？！I am a teacher.Are you a student?How beautiful the girl is!4/17/20232句子包括哪些成分？句子包括哪些成分？主语：主语：主语是在句子中说明全句中心主题的主语是在句子中说明全句中心主题的部分一般由名词，代词，不定式，动名

2、词或从部分一般由名词，代词，不定式，动名词或从句充当它的位置一般在句首句充当它的位置一般在句首The girl is pretty.Reading is useful.（习惯性的动作）（习惯性的动作）To see is to believe.（一次性动作）（一次性动作）They are good friends.4/17/20233用用v-ing作主语翻译下列句子作主语翻译下列句子1.吸烟会导致多种健康问题。吸烟会导致多种健康问题。Smokingcausesalotofhealthproblems.2.学好英语是很重要的学好英语是很重要的learningEnglishwellisveryimp

3、ortant.3.保护环境是重要的。Protecting the enviroment is important.4.玩电脑游戏是不好的Playing computer game is not good.4/17/20234用用todo作主语翻译下列句子作主语翻译下列句子1.控制水污染是一个大问题。控制水污染是一个大问题。Tocontrolthewaterpollutionisabigproblem.2.完成家庭作业对于我们来说是容易的。完成家庭作业对于我们来说是容易的。Tofinishthehomeworkiseasyforus.3.克服这个困难不容易。克服这个困难不容易。Overcomin

4、gthisdifficultyisnoteasyforus.4.为人民服务是我们的荣幸。为人民服务是我们的荣幸。Toservethepeopleisourhonor.4/17/20235用从句用从句作主语翻译下列句子作主语翻译下列句子1.我们需要的是时间。我们需要的是时间。Whatweneedistime.2.选择哪一个对于我来说是很难的。选择哪一个对于我来说是很难的。Whichonetochooseisdifficultforme.3.你没有来是一个遗憾。你没有来是一个遗憾。Thatyoudidntcomeisapity.4.我们是否应该控制污染是一个大问题。我们是否应该控制污染是一个大问题

5、。Whetherweshouldcontrolthepollutionisabigproblem.4/17/20236用用it作主语翻译下列句子作主语翻译下列句子1.对于我们来说保护环境是重要的。对于我们来说保护环境是重要的。Itisimportantforustoprotectenvironment.2.戒烟对他来说是困难的。戒烟对他来说是困难的。Itishardforhimtoquitsmoking.3.保持身体健康是至关重要的。保持身体健康是至关重要的。Itisimportantforustokeephealthy.4.和你谈话是我的荣幸。和你谈话是我的荣幸。Itismyhonortot

6、alkwithyou.4/17/20237翻译下列句子翻译下列句子1.完成哪项工作之花了我五分钟。完成哪项工作之花了我五分钟。Tofinishtheworktookmeonly5minutes.Ittookmeonlyfiveminutestofinishthejob2.在美国的所有公共场所抽烟禁止抽烟。在美国的所有公共场所抽烟禁止抽烟。SmokinginthepublicplacesintheUnitedStatesisprohibited(禁止禁止)3.到年底完成这项工作是不可能的。到年底完成这项工作是不可能的。Tofinishtheworkbytheendofthisyearisimpo

7、ssibleItisimpossibletofinishtheworkbytheendofthisyear.4/17/20238翻译下列句子翻译下列句子1.他花了如此少的时间久完成了作文让我很惊讶他花了如此少的时间久完成了作文让我很惊讶Thathefinishedwritingthecompositioninsuchashorttimesurprisedme.2.谁将成为我们班班长还没有决定。谁将成为我们班班长还没有决定。Whowillbeourmonitorhasntbeendecidedyet.3.到底是什么导致了那场事故还不得而知。到底是什么导致了那场事故还不得而知。Whatcaused

8、theaccidentremainsunknown 4.你做的任何事情都是正确的。你做的任何事情都是正确的。Whateveryoudidisright.4/17/20239谓语：谓语：谓语谓语说明主语做什么，是什么，怎么样说明主语做什么，是什么，怎么样，由，由简单动词或者动词短语构成简单动词或者动词短语构成1.They are teachers.2.She looks well.3.He studies hard.4.He laughed at his classmates.5.He can speak English.6.Fog gathers at the sea.4/17/202310谓

9、语：谓语：简单谓语由一个动词或者动词短语构成简单谓语由一个动词或者动词短语构成1.He practices running every morning.2.We plant trees in spring every year.3.The plane took off at seven oclock.4.He likes watching TV5.She worked out this problem 4/17/202311谓语：谓语：复合谓语复合谓语（1）系动词）系动词+标语标语（2）情态动词）情态动词/助动词助动词+动词原形动词原形1.They are accountants.2.The

10、food tastes good3.The truth is that we have lost.4.She remained there.5.He is a courageous man6.Her goal is to catch up with Mary.4/17/202312谓语：谓语：系动词，包括系动词，包括1)Be动词：动词：am,is,are,was,were2)感观动词：感观动词：sound,look,taste,feel,smell3)趋势动词：趋势动词：appear,become,grow,get,turn,seem,remain（剩下剩下,余留余留）,go4/17/2023

11、13谓语：谓语：1.We could use this reference book to work out the problem precisely.2.They could accelerate the speed.3.They could tell if he was sailing on his correct rather a random caurse.4.We have identified the robber.5.Using navigational instruments have reduced the tendency to make mistake.4/17/202

12、314划分出下列句子的谓语：划分出下列句子的谓语：1.I wont do it again.2.The weather gets wamer,and the days get longer.3.He seemed rather tired last night.4.Keep quite and listen to me.5.He looked worried.6.I am answering your question.4/17/202315划分出下列句子的谓语划分出下列句子的谓语1.Xiao Li went to bed as soon as he came home.2.Ill go wh

13、en I have had my dinner.3.I want to help him.4.I dont know what to do.5.I dont think(that)he is right.6.I enjoy living here.4/17/202316宾语宾语宾语是宾语是谓语动作的承受者谓语动作的承受者，由名词，代词，短，由名词，代词，短语，不定式，动名词，从句充当它和及物动语，不定式，动名词，从句充当它和及物动词一起词一起说明主语做了什么说明主语做了什么，在谓语之后，在谓语之后She plays the piano.He often helps me.I like watc

14、hing TV.She likes to go to shop this afternoon.I think that he is good guy.4/17/202317划分出下列句子中的宾语划分出下列句子中的宾语1.My parents bought me a computer 2.We all like to go to school.3.I think he is right.4.She is playing the piano now.5.He told me that he would go to the college the next year 6.I dont know if

15、 there will be a bus any more.4/17/202318划分出下列句子中的宾语划分出下列句子中的宾语7.Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.8.Do you know who has won Red Alert game?9.I dont know whom you should depend on.4/17/202319定语定语定语用来修饰名词或代词形容词，代词，数定语用来修饰名词或代词形容词，代词，数词，名词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，分词，词，名词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，分词，从句都可以充当定语从句都可以充当

16、定语 The black bike is mine.Whats your name?A broken vase.I have 5 books.A sleeping boy.They made paper flowers.The boy in the room is Jack.I have something to do.It is a swimming pool.4/17/202320状语状语状语用来状语用来修饰动词修饰动词，形容词或副词形容词或副词它它表示行为发表示行为发生的时间，地点，目的，方式，程度生的时间，地点，目的，方式，程度一般由副词，一般由副词，介词短语，不定式或相当于副词的词或

17、短语充当，介词短语，不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当，也可由从句来充当也可由从句来充当He did it carefully.Without his help,we couldnt work it out.In order to catch up with my classmates,I must study hard.I was born on June 9th 1982 in Guangxi.He is writing with a pen.4/17/202321宾语补足语宾语补足语在英语中，有些句子在英语中，有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语后

18、面家上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思还必须在宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思它起补充说明宾语干什么，怎么样的作用它起补充说明宾语干什么，怎么样的作用它可以由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，现它可以由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，现在分词和过去分词充当在分词和过去分词充当 If you let me go,Ill make you king.Leave the door open.We found John out when we arrived.Make yourself at home.I saw him enter the hall.The boss keeps the

19、m working all day.I heard my name called.4/17/202322表语：表语：表语表语说明主语是什么，或者怎么样说明主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词，由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，短语，或者从句充当表语位于系动词后面短语，或者从句充当表语位于系动词后面I am a teacher.She is happy.Everybody is here.They are at home now.My job is to teach English.Seeing is believing.4/17/202323种类

20、种类类型类型主语主语S谓语谓语动词动词v表语表语/宾宾语语p宾语宾语0宾补宾补oc第第1种种S+VWework第第种种Heplaysviolin.第第种种Wearestudents第第种种S+v+IO+DO shegavemeapen第第种种S+V+O+OC Hemademelaugh4/17/202324指出下列句子划线部分是什么成分指出下列句子划线部分是什么成分Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.Hehandedmethenewspaper.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting

21、!Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.4/17/202325指出下列句子划线部分是什么成分指出下列句子划线部分是什么成分Hiswishistobecomeascientist.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.Hef

22、ounditimportanttomasterEnglish.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?Tobehonest,yourpronunciationisnotsogood.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.4/17/202326指出下列句子划线部分是什么成分指出下列句子划线部分是什么成分Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.Henoticedamanentertheroom.Theapplestastedsweet.4/17/202327

23、判断句型并分析句子成分1.Hewillbeeighteennextyear.2.TheteachertoldustodoExercise1.3.Wehadgottothestationbeforesevenoclock.4.Myclassisbig.5.Stoptalking.6.Igottoseemyuncleonceaweek.7.Itrainedheavilyyesterday.8.Wemadehimourteamleader.4/17/2023281.Youareright.(99)2.Theplaygroundisnowinfrontoftheschool.(99)5.60%ofth

24、estudentsareagainsttheideaofentrancefees.(02)4.Opinionsaredividedonthequestion.(02)3.Itwas7:15onthemorningofFebruary8,2000.(00)英语基本句型英语基本句型-1-1 主系表句型主系表句型与高考与高考书面表达书面表达4/17/2023296.,butthemostcommonwayistoholdabirthdayparty,(05)7.Thereasonisthatittakeslesstimetounderstandthewholestory.(06)9.Asweallk

25、now,agoodlearningenvironmentisvitalifwewanttostudyEnglishwell.(07)8.Inaword,toreadtheoriginalworkisbetterthantoseethefilmbasedonit.(06)英语基本句型-1主系表句型主系表句型4/17/202330基本句型一主语基本句型一主语 +系动词系动词 +表语：表语：A foreign language is a weapon in the struggleoflife.Theplansoundsperfect.Thismaterialfeelssoft.系动词词义不完整，在

26、句中不能单独使系动词词义不完整，在句中不能单独使用（除省略句外），后面必须接有表语，用（除省略句外），后面必须接有表语，系动词和表语一起构成合成谓语系动词和表语一起构成合成谓语。4/17/202331一、系动词的分类：一、系动词的分类：一、系动词的分类：一、系动词的分类：常见的系动词大致可分为三类。常见的系动词大致可分为三类。常见的系动词大致可分为三类。常见的系动词大致可分为三类。第第一一类类：表表示示特特征征或或状状态态的的，有有bebe，looklook，feelfeel，seemseem，appearappear，smellsmell，tastetaste，soundsound，turn

27、 outturn out（结果是、证明是）等。（结果是、证明是）等。YouYoull be all right soon.ll be all right soon.You donYou dont look very well.t look very well.I feel rather cold.I feel rather cold.4/17/202332 He seems to be ill.He seems to be ill.It appears that he is unhappy.It appears that he is unhappy.The roses smell sweet.

28、The roses smell sweet.The mixture tasted horrible.The mixture tasted horrible.How sweet the music sounds!How sweet the music sounds!The day turned out(to be)a fine one.The day turned out(to be)a fine one.4/17/202333第第二二类类：表表示示从从一一种种状状态态到到另另一一种种状状态态的的变变化化，有有become，get，grow，turn，fall，go，come，run等。等。He

29、becameaworld-famousscientist.Itisgettingwarmerandwarmer.Itgrewdark.Thefoodhasturnedbad.4/17/202334 Yesterday he suddenly fell ill.Yesterday he suddenly fell ill.MaryMarys face went red.s face went red.His dream has come true.His dream has come true.The boyThe boys blood ran cold.s blood ran cold.4/1

30、7/202335第第三三类类：表表示示保保持持状状态态的的，有有keepkeep，remainremain，continuecontinue，staystay等等。Keep quiet,children!Keep quiet,children!The The weather weather continued continued fine fine for for a a long long time.time.It remains to be proved.It remains to be proved.4/17/202336系系动动词词后后的的表表语语可可以以是是名名词词、代代词词、数数词

31、词、形形容容词词、分分词词、动动名名词词、不不定定式式、副副词词、介介词词短短语语、词词组组、从句，系动词从句，系动词bebe可用于上述所有情况。可用于上述所有情况。Thenewswassurprising.（分词）（分词）HisjobisteachingEnglish.（动名词）（动名词）Theonlymethodistogivethechildmorehelp.（不定式）（不定式）Imustbeoffnow.（副词）（副词）Thebridgeisunderconstruction.（介词短语）（介词短语）Thatwouldbeagreatweightoffmymind.（词组）（词组）Th

32、isiswhyhewaslate.（从句）（从句）4/17/202337所有的系动词都可接形容词作表语，此处略举数例。所有的系动词都可接形容词作表语，此处略举数例。Ourfuturewillbebeautiful.Shelooksunhappytoday.Doyoufeelcold？Youseem/appearill.Thefoodtastesdelicious.Theweatheristurning/growing/becoming/gettingcold.Heoftenwenthungry.4/17/2023383 3.能能用用不不定定式式作作表表语语的的系系动动词词有有：appearap

33、pear，seemseem，get get，prove prove，remain remain，turn turn outout等等。She appears/seems to be very youngShe appears/seems to be very young.He appears/seems to have caught coldHe appears/seems to have caught cold.They got to be friendsThey got to be friends。The meeting turned out to be successfulThe mee

34、ting turned out to be successful.The theory proved to be rightThe theory proved to be right.Much remains to be doneMuch remains to be done.4/17/2023394.4.能能接接从从句句的的有有：bebe，seemseem，appearappear，soundsound，looklook等。等。ThatThats why he fell ill.s why he fell ill.My idea is that we should help him.My i

35、dea is that we should help him.It It seems/seems/appears appears to to me me that that something something is is wrong.wrong.It It sounds sounds to to me me as as if if someone someone were were trying trying to to get into the house.get into the house.Your voice sounds as if you had a cold.Your voi

36、ce sounds as if you had a cold.It looks as if it is going to rain.It looks as if it is going to rain.4/17/2023405 5.能能接接介介词词短短语语的的有有：bebe，feelfeel，looklook，soundsound，tastetaste，remainremain等等。bebe是是特特别别活活跃跃的的系系动动词词，其其后后可可接接很很多多介介词词短短语作表语语作表语。He He is is at at home/home/in in the the library/library

37、/on on the the way home/on holidayway home/on holiday.They are on duty/on strike/on leave.They are on duty/on strike/on leave.The road is under repair.The road is under repair.4/17/202341其他系动词能和介词搭配的范围很小。如其他系动词能和介词搭配的范围很小。如：It feels like a rainIt feels like a rain.It looks like a rainIt looks like a

38、 rain.It It sounds sounds like like a a train train going going under under my my roomroom.It tastes of It tastes of applesapples.（这有苹果的味道（这有苹果的味道。）。）The concert remains in my memoryThe concert remains in my memory.4/17/2023426 6.能能接接分分词词的的系系动动词词有有：bebe，becomebecome，getget，growgrow，seem seem，appeara

39、ppear等等。His His report report was was surpringsurpring/disappointing/disappointing/delighting/moving/astonishingdelighting/moving/astonishing The The boy boy was was moved/delighted/surprised/moved/delighted/surprised/disappointed/astonisheddisappointed/astonished。He He has has become/become/got/got

40、/grown/grown/interested interested in in modern physicsmodern physics。He seems/appears drunkHe seems/appears drunk。系系动动词词后后还还可可接接代代词词、数数词词、动动名名词词、副副词词及及其其词词组组，基基本本都都是是bebe的的用用法法。其其他他系系动动词词几几乎乎不不能能这样用或很少这样用这样用或很少这样用。page434/17/202343一一.纵纵观观历历年年的的高高考考题题，对对系系动动词词的的考考查查一一直直是是高高考考中中非非常常重重要要的的热热点点之之一一，对对于

41、于考考生生来来说说也也是是难难点点所在。所在。高高考考对对系系动动词词考考查查的的覆覆盖盖面面广广，涉涉及及的的系系动动词词较较多多，重重点点考考查查的的是是 get get，其其次次是是 feel feel 和和 remain remain，考查的难度在逐年增大。考查的难度在逐年增大。二二.对表示状态变化的系动词的考查对表示状态变化的系动词的考查英语中常见的表示状态变化的系动词有英语中常见的表示状态变化的系动词有get，turn，turnout（结果是（结果是），），go，come（成为），（成为），fall，become等。等。4/17/2023441.1.对对 get get 的考查的考

42、查 get get 表表示示状状态态的的改改变变，意意为为“变变成成，变变得得，做做成成”，它它后后面面可可以以接接形形容容词词、v-ingv-ing 形形式式、过过去去分分词等词等。Sarah,Sarah,hurry hurry up.up.Im Im afraid afraid you you wont wont have have time time to to _ _ before before the the party.party.（NMET NMET 2004 2004）A.get changed B.get change A.get changed B.get change C

43、.get changing D.get to change C.get changing D.get to change 4/17/202345 Be Be careful careful when when you you cross cross this this very very busy busy street,street,if if not,not,you you may may _ _ run run over over by by a a car.car.（2002 2002 北京卷）北京卷）A.have B.get C.become D.turn A.have B.get

44、C.become D.turn As As we we joined joined the the big big crowd crowd I I got got _ _ from my friends.from my friends.（NMET2001 NMET2001）A.separated B.spared C.lost D.missedA.separated B.spared C.lost D.missed 分析：例分析：例分析：例分析：例中考查的是中考查的是中考查的是中考查的是“getget过去分词过去分词过去分词过去分词”构成构成构成构成的系表结构。例的系表结构。例的系表结构。例的

45、系表结构。例 getchangedgetchanged意为意为意为意为“换衣服换衣服换衣服换衣服”，例，例，例，例 getrunovergetrunover意为意为意为意为“碾过，压过碾过，压过碾过，压过碾过，压过”，例，例，例，例 getgetseparatedseparated意思是意思是意思是意思是“冲散，分离冲散，分离冲散，分离冲散，分离”，所以正确答案分，所以正确答案分，所以正确答案分，所以正确答案分别是别是别是别是 AA、BB、BB。4/17/2023462.2.对对 go go 的考查的考查 系系动动词词 go go 的的意意义义是是“变变成成，成成为为”，后后多多跟跟形形容容词

46、词，如如 go go bad,bad,go go mad,mad,go go wrong,wrong,go go hungry,go sour hungry,go sour 等。例如：等。例如：On On hearing hearing the the news news of of the the accident accident in in coal mine,she _ pale.coal mine,she _ pale.（2004 2004 湖北卷）湖北卷）A.got B.changed C.went D.appeared A.got B.changed C.went D.appea

47、red 分析：该题考查的是分析：该题考查的是“go+adj.”系表结构。系表结构。got和和changed不能与不能与pale搭配起来表达这搭配起来表达这一状态的变化，而一状态的变化，而appeared是表示状态存在是表示状态存在的系动词。所以正确答案是的系动词。所以正确答案是C。4/17/202347 3.3.3.3.对对对对 fall fall fall fall 的考查的考查的考查的考查 系系系系动动动动词词词词 fall fall fall fall 表表表表示示示示“（不不不不知知知知不不不不觉觉觉觉地地地地或或或或突突突突然然然然地地地地）进进进进入入入入状状状状态态态态”，后后后

48、后常常常常跟跟跟跟形形形形容容容容词词词词、副副副副词词词词或或或或介介介介词词词词短短短短语语语语等等等等，如如如如：fall fall fall fall ill ill ill ill（生生生生病病病病），fall fall fall fall apart apart apart apart（散散散散开开开开），fall fall fall fall asleep,asleep,asleep,asleep,fall into a deep sleep fall into a deep sleep fall into a deep sleep fall into a deep sleep（

49、睡熟）。（睡熟）。（睡熟）。（睡熟）。例如：例如：As As she she _ _ the the newspaper,newspaper,Granny Granny _ _ asleep.asleep.（NMET1995 NMET1995）A.readA.read;was falling B.was reading;fell;was falling B.was reading;fell C.was reading;was falling D.read;fell C.was reading;was falling D.read;fell 分析：该题第二空考查的是系动词分析：该题第二空考查的是

50、系动词“fall+adj.”结构，结构，fallasleep是短暂性动词短语，不能用是短暂性动词短语，不能用于进行时态，故正确答案是于进行时态，故正确答案是B。句意是。句意是“她读她读报时，奶奶睡着了。报时，奶奶睡着了。”4/17/202348三三 .对表示状态存在的系动词的考查对表示状态存在的系动词的考查 常常常常见见见见的的的的有有有有 be,be,be,be,seem,seem,seem,seem,appear,appear,appear,appear,look,look,look,look,feel,feel,feel,feel,smell,smell,smell,smell,soun