1.初中英语语法名词PPT.ppt

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1、1.初中英语语法名词PPTLEARNING GOALS一一 名词概述名词概述二二 名词的分类名词的分类三三 名词的数名词的数四四 名词的格名词的格五五 名词的用法名词的用法专有名词 表示特定的人、地方、事物、机构等的名词的统称。April,China,the Great Wall,the Great Hall of the People普通名词：一类东西或者一个抽象概念名词个体名词：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：dictionary,student,pencil,chair集体名词：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family,police,class,group物质名词：表示无法分为个体的实

2、物，如：bread,rice,air,paper,wood,wool抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work,peace,knowledge,homework,housework。三三 名词的数名词的数（一）可数名词的数 1 名词变复数的规则变化：1）一般在词尾加-s 清辅音后读/s/，浊辅音后读/z/desk-bed -dog-pencil-desksbedsdogspencils2）以-s,-x,-sh,-ch结尾的加-es 读/iz/watch-boxbrush-dish-watchesboxesbrushesdishes3）以-y结尾的：辅音字母加y结尾，改y为i再

3、加-es(study-studies)；元音字母加y结尾，直接加-s(例：day-days)factory-dictionarylady-factoriesdictionariesladies4）部分以f或fe结尾的词：把f或fe改为v，再加-es（半片树叶自己黄，妻子拿刀去杀狼，架后小偷逃命忙）half-leaf-self-wife knife-wolf-shelf-thief-life-halvesleavesselveswiveskniveswolvesshelvesthieveslives5)以 o 结尾的可数名词，有生命的加-es;无生命的加-s.（英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿）+es（带上

4、收音机，去动物园弹钢琴和照相）+shero-potatotomato zoo-pianoradio-photo-heroespotatoestomatoeszoospianosradiosphotosSum up（一）可数名词的数 1 名词变复数的规则变化：1）一般在词尾加-s 清辅音后读/s/，浊辅音后读/z/2）以-s,-x,-sh,-ch结尾的加-es 读/iz/3）以-y结尾的：辅音字母加y结尾，改y为i再加-es 元音字母加y结尾，直接加-s(day-days)4）部分以f或fe结尾的词：把f、fe改为v，再加-es5)以 o 结尾的可数名词，有生命的加-es；无生命的加-s。2 名

5、词变复数的不规则变化：特殊名词1）变内部元音（oo-ee;a-e）foot-tooth-goose-man-woman-mouse-policeman-gentleman-2）词尾加-en或ren child-ox-3）单复同形 （鱼,鹿和绵羊）fish,deer,sheep 4）某国人 (中日不变英法变，其余-s加后面）Japanese Chinese Englishman-Frenchman-German-American-feetteethgeesemenwomenpolicemengentlemenchildrenoxenmiceEnglishmenFrenchmenGermansAm

6、ericans名词变复数的不规则变化：复合名词1）将主体名词变为复数 boy student-girl student 2)两部分都变成复数 woman singer-man doctor-3)Sport修饰名词时，无论主体词时单数还是复数，sport通常用复数形式运动会运动鞋boy studentsgirl studentswomen singersmen doctorssports meetingsports shoesSUM UP名词变复数的不规则变化：特殊名词1）变内部元音（oo-ee;a-e）2）词尾加-en或ren3）单复同形4）某国人(口诀)复合名词1）将主体名词变为复数2)两部

7、分都变成复数3)Sport修饰名词时，无论主体词时单数还是复数，sport通常用复数形式（三）、不可数名词及其量的表达物质名词：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：bread,rice,air,paper,wood,wool抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work,peace,knowledge,homework,housework。不可数名词量的表达法1.用 much,a little,little,a lot of,lots of,some,any，plenty of等表示。There is much water in the river.2.用”单位词+of”表示。a pie

8、ce of paper two pieces of papera cup of coffee two cups of coffeea piece of news two pieces of news3.一些可数名词也可加单位词表示量A box of eggs two boxes of matchesFish作鱼讲时单复数同形可数；This is a fish 作鱼肉讲时，不可数;Eg:There is not much fish on the plate.作各种鱼类讲时后面必须加-es构成复数Eg:He raises a lot of fishes in the pool.（四）有些不可数名词

9、在一定的上下文也可以用作可数名词，但往往意思也发生变化根据所给单词的正确形式填空：根据所给单词的正确形式填空：1.Different people may have different _.(idea)2.I often go to work on.(foot)3.I know one of the .(boy)4.Mr.Brown is wearing a pair of .(glass)5.Please give them their .(photo)6.Are there any in the box?(watch)7.There are twelve in a year.(month)

10、ideasfootboysglassesphotoswatchesmonths8.Would you like some?(tomato)9.Look at those in the boats!(people)10.Look!The are singing.(woman)11.Jim has some .(knife)12.How much are these?(vegetable)vegetablestomatoespeoplewomenknives 四、名词所有格表示所属关系,相当于物主代词,在句中作定语、宾语或主语。其构成法如下：（1）表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加s。如：C

11、hilderns Day(儿童节),my sisters book(我姐姐的书)（2）以s或es结尾的复数名词。只在词尾加。如：Teachers Day(教师节)（3）如果两个名词并列并且都加s则表示分别有；只有s一个则表示共有例如：Johns and Marys rooms 约翰的房间和玛丽的房间 John and Marys room 约翰和玛丽的房间（两人共用一个房间）（4）复数名词和短语，）复数名词和短语，s加在最后一个词的词尾加在最后一个词的词尾 例如：例如：a month or twos leave（5）有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词,也可在词尾加s.如：to

12、days newspaper(今天的报纸),ten minutes break(十分钟的课间休息),Chinas population(中国的人口).（6）无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词,一般均可用介词of短语来表示所有关系。如：a fine daughter of the Party(党的好女儿).名词所有格所修饰的词的省略1）在在某某些些句句子子中中，名名词词所所有有格格所所修修饰饰的的词词，往往往往可可以以省省略略 Johns bike is better than Mikes.2）表表示示店店铺铺、住住家家、公公共共建建筑筑时时，名名词词所所有有格格后后可可省省略略名词名词 th

13、e doctors Mr.Blacks 3）the+姓姓氏氏复复数数，表表示示“一一家家人人”the Smiths史史密密斯一家斯一家;4）年份前面加）年份前面加the后面加后面加-s,表示年代，表示年代，例如例如20世纪世纪80年代，年代，the 1980s 双重所有格双重所有格:a friend of my sisters=one of my sisters friend,a picture of Mr.Li(s)1.September 10th is Day.(teacher)2.My school is twenty _ walk from here.(minute)3.The gir

14、l under the tree is a friend of_.(Lucy)TeachersminutesLucys 1.Several _ are talking under the tree with they are_.Awoman;children Bwoman;child Cwomen;children 2.How far is your school from here？Not very farIts about twenty walk.Aminutes Bminutes Cminutes 3.There are three in my family.A.people B.per

15、son C.child 4.Most students can go to college for further in our city.A.education B.information C.science 5.This is bedroom.The twin sister like it very much.A.Ann and Jane B.Ann and Janes C.Anns and Janes C C A A B五五 名词的用法名词的用法1 作主语(句子所要说明的动作或状态的主体，人或事)The students are playing football now.2 作表语（放在

16、系动词后表示主语的身份或特征）She is an English teacher.3 作宾语，包括及物动词和介词的宾语（表示及物动词动作的对象）We are studying maths now.He often reads the newspaper before supper.4 作定语，主要修饰它后面的名词（限定或修饰名词、代词）This is a grammar book.This is a bicycle factory.注：名词作定语时，除了man,woman用复数形式外，其他都不用复数形式，例如：a shoe shop,an apple tree,表示复数形式，two shoe

17、shops,apple trees.5 作状语，主要用来表示时间、距离、长度、重量、程度、方式或价格等。可以单独作状语，也可以是名词词组作状语 （修饰动词、形容词、副词，表示时间、地点、状态、程度等含义）The film lasted an hour.The box weighs 20 kilograms.I go to school every day.6 作同位语 We students must study hard.指点迷津指点迷津1.Ten years _(is,are)short time for me.2.A pair of shoes _(is,are)under the be

18、d.3.The number of the students in our school _(is,are)2,000.4.The woman with two children _(is,are)coming here.5.Neither he nor I _(are,am)an American.isisisisam指点迷津指点迷津6.Maths _(are,is)hard to learn for the boy.7.They are all _(woman,teachers;women teachers).8.The population of China _(are,is)over

19、1,300,000,000.9.There are many _(peoples,people)in the street in summer.10.One of the students _(have,has)gone to Shanghai.isiswomen teacherspeoplehasLEARNING GOALS一一 名词概述名词概述二二 名词的分类名词的分类三三 名词的数名词的数四四 名词的格名词的格五五 名词的用法名词的用法The Browns is going to visit China.()The Browns are going to visit China.()Th

20、e young is dancing there.()The young are dancing there.()Physics are very difficult to learn.()Physics is very difficult to learn.()We have five Germen in this meeting.()We have five Germans in this meeting.()This is one of the English-Chinese dictionary.()This is one of the English-Chinese dictiona

21、ries.()()1.Please give me _ paper.A.one B.a piece C.a D.a piece of()2.This table is made of_.A.many glass B.some glasses C.glasses D.glass()3.Bill runs fast.He won the _ 800-metre race yesterday.Aboys Bboys Cboy Dboys.()4.Some _ came to our school for a visit that day.A.Germans B.Germen C.Germany D.

22、Germanies()5.In the picture there are many_ and two_.A.sheeps;foxes B.sheeps;foxes C.sheep;foxes D.sheep;foxs DDBAC选择填空：选择填空：()6.This is not my cap,but my _.A.brothers B.brothers C.brothers D.brother()7.They write most of their_ in English.A.business letter B.business letters C.businesses D.business

23、es letters BB()8._are_for cutting things.A.Knife,used B.Knives,using C.Knife,using D.Knives,used()9.John bought_for himself yesterday.A.two pairs of shoes B.two pair of shoeC.two pair of shoes D.two pairs shoes()10.Excuse me,where is the_?A.mens room B.mens room C.mens rooms D.men rooms DAA小结小结:1、名词的数的变化，以及不可数名词作主、名词的数的变化，以及不可数名词作主 语时的谓语。语时的谓语。2、名词所有格的运用，双重所有格。、名词所有格的运用，双重所有格。3、名词的句法功能。、名词的句法功能。4、名词的词型的变化。、名词的词型的变化。此此课件下件下载可自行可自行编辑修改，修改，仅供参考！供参考！感感谢您的支持，我您的支持，我们努力做得更好！努力做得更好！谢谢!