2021届高考英语第一轮总复习经典实用学案 语法专题3.ppt
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1、语语法法专题专题三代三代词词代代词词是是用用来来代代替替名名词词或或名名词词作作用用的的短短语语,大大多多数数代代词词具具有有名名词词和和形形容容词词的的功功能能。代代词词按按意意义义、特特征征及及语语法法功功能能可可分分为为八八类类:人人称称代代词词、物物主主代代词词、反反身身代代词词、指指示示代代词词、不不定定代代词词、相相互互代代词词、疑疑问问代代词词、关关系系代代词词。代代词词的的常常考考点如下:点如下:1人人称称代代词词的的主主格格在在句句中中作作主主语语,宾宾格格在在句句中中作作动动词词或介或介词词的的宾语宾语。但但在在下下列列情情况况也也用用宾宾格格:在在be后后作作表表语语。在
2、在单单独独使使用用或或带带not的的简简略略回回答答中中。在在感感叹叹疑疑问问句句中中做做主主语语,以以引引起起强强调调。在在下下列列之之类类的的祈祈使使句句中中:Hes got to repay the moneypoor him.他他得得偿偿还还这这笔笔钱钱可可怜怜的的他呀!他呀!2形形容容词词性性物物主主代代词词只只能能在在名名词词前前作作定定语语,名名词词性性物物主主代代词词相相当当于于“形形容容词词性性物物主主代代词词名名词词”,在在句句中中作作主主语语、宾语宾语、表、表语语或与或与of连连用后置定用后置定语语,但不能作定,但不能作定语语。3反反身身代代词词在在句句中中可可以以作作e
3、njoy,teach,hurt,buy,introduce等等动动词词和和by,for,to等等介介词词的的宾宾语语,还还可可以以作作主主语语或或宾语宾语的同位的同位语语,可,可译译作作“亲亲自,本人自,本人”,但不能作主,但不能作主语语。4指示指示词词有有this,that,these,those等。注意以下等。注意以下4点:点:(1)this,these是是时时间间或或空空间间上上的的“近近指指”,可可与与here连连用;用;that,those是是时间时间或空或空间间上的上的“远远指指”,可与,可与there连连用。用。(2)指指上上文文提提到到的的事事一一般般用用that,有有时时也也
4、用用this,指指下下文的事只能用文的事只能用this。(3)打打电电话话时时,用用this来来介介绍绍自自己己,用用that来来问问对对方方,不用不用I或或you。(4)this和和that还还可可用用做做副副词词表表示示程程度度,意意为为“如如此此,那那么么”,相当于,相当于so,作状,作状语语。5疑疑问问代代词词what除除可可用用来来询询问问人人的的身身份份外外,一一般般指指物物;which可可指指人人也也可可指指物物;who,whom,whose一一般般指指人人。没没有有一一定定的的范范围围时时,用用what,意意为为“什什么么”;有有一一定定范范围围时时,用用which,意,意为为
5、“(其中的其中的)哪一个哪一个”。6表表示示两两者者“都都”用用both,表表示示两两者者“都都不不”用用neither,表表示示两两者者中中的的“任任一一”用用either。表表示示多多者者“都都”用用all,表表示示多多者者“都都不不”用用none,表表示示多多者者中中的的“任任一一”用用any。none可可指指人人或或物物,一一般般要要接接表表示示范范围围的的of短短语语,可可回回答答how many;而而no one只只能能指指人人(nobody),不不能能接接of短短语语,可可回回答答who。另另外外,none可可指指后后文文的的不不可可数数名名词词,表表示示“毫毫无无”。7some
6、,any的的用用法法:表表示示“一一些些”,一一般般说说来来,肯肯定定句句中中some,否否定定句句中中用用any;但但在在表表示示请请求求、建建议议,劝劝请请或希望或希望对对方作肯定回答的疑方作肯定回答的疑问问句中用句中用some。8each,every的的用用法法:every只只能能作作形形容容词词,在在名名词词前前作作定定语语;each可可作作形形容容词词也也可可用用代代词词,可可作作主主语语、宾宾语语和和同同位位语语。表表示示“每每隔隔”用用every,不不用用each。如如every three days每每三三天天,every third day每每逢逢第第三三天天,every o
7、ther day每每隔隔一一天天,every three meters每每(隔隔)三三米米,every three minutes每每(隔隔)三分三分钟钟。9(a)little,(a)few,a bit的用法的用法a little和和little修修饰饰或或代代替替不不可可数数名名词词,与与much相相对对,表表示示“少少”;a few和和few修修饰饰或或代代替替可可数数名名词词与与many相相对对,表示表示“少少”。a little和和a few含含肯肯定定语语气气,little和和few含含否否定定语语气气。一一般般说说来来,在在only,just,still,quite,can not
8、等等词词后后用用a little或或a few;在;在very,so,some,the,no等等词词后用后用little或或few。10替代替代词词it,that,(the)one(s),those的用法的用法(1)it和和that都都替替代代“the单单数数名名词词(可可数数或或不不可可数数)”,都都是是特特指指,但但it指指前前面面提提到到的的“同同一一”事事物物,而而that是是指指前前面提到的面提到的“同同类类”事物。事物。(2)one替替代代“a单单数数可可数数名名词词”,表表示示泛泛指指。特特指指的的the one相相当当于于that;the one复复数数形形式式the ones
9、,在在口口语语中中也也常常用用those代代替替;当当后后面面有有of短短语语时时,一一般般用用that或或those,当当有有前前置置修修饰饰语语时时,只只能能用用one(s),如如the red one。one(s),the one(s),those,that都都是是替替代代“同同类类”事事物物,其其中中只只有有that可替代不可数名可替代不可数名词词。11another,(the)other(s),else;the rest的用法:的用法:(1)another或或“another单单数数可可数数名名词词”泛泛指指“另另一一个个,又又一一个个,再再一一个个”,其其复复数数形形式式是是oth
10、ers或或“other复复数数名名词词”泛泛指指“别别人人或或别别的的物物”,有有some.others(一一些些另另一一些些)之搭配。之搭配。(2)the other(单单数数可可数数名名词词)特特指指两两者者中中的的另另一一个个,常常有有one.the other“一一个个另另一一个个”的的搭搭配配;其其复复数数形形式式the others或或“the other复复数数名名词词”特特指指在在某某些些人人或或物物中,除去一部分后,中,除去一部分后,“其余的其余的”;“剩下的剩下的”人或物。人或物。(3)another还还可可用用于于“another基基数数词词或或few复复数数名名词词”中
11、,与中,与“数数词词或或somemore/other复数名复数名词词”相当。相当。(4)注注意意下下列列固固定定用用法法:other than“除除外外”,each other,one another“相相互互”,one after another“一一个个接接一一个个地地”,any other单单数名数名词词“别别的的/其他的任何一个其他的任何一个”。(5)else只能放在复合不定代只能放在复合不定代词词或者疑或者疑问词问词后。后。(6)the rest既既可可代代替替可可数数名名词词,也也可可代代替替不不可可数数名名词词。而而another,other,others,the other(s
12、)只能代替可数名只能代替可数名词词。1.(2009陕陕西西)Jane was asked a lot of questions,but she didnt answer _ of them.A.other B.anyC.none D.some2(2009湖湖南南)Most Americans would prefer to keep their problems _ themselves,and solve their problems _ themselves.A.to;by B.by;toC.for;to D.in;on3(2009山山东东)I felt so bad all day ye
13、sterday that I decided this morning I couldnt face _ day like that.A.other B.anotherC.the other D.others4(2009全全国国)The CDs are on sale!Buy one and you get _ completely free.A.other B.othersC.one D.ones5(2009全全国国)Charles was alone at home,with _ looking after him.A.someone B.anyoneC.not one D.no one6
14、(2009江江苏苏)Nine in ten parents said there were significant differences in their approach to educating their children compared with _ of their parents.A.those B.oneC.both D.that7(2009辽辽宁宁)_ is the power of TV that it can make a person suddenly famous.A.Such B.ThisC.That D.So8(2009福建福建)Your mum is very
15、 kind.Yeah.My mum is pretty considerate,you know what _,she always arranges everything around me.A.she means B.you meanC.I mean D.we mean9(2009北北京京)Being a parent is not always easy,and being the parent of a child with special needs often carries with _ extra stress.A.it B.themC.one D.him10(2009全全 国
16、国)One of the most important questions they had to consider was _ of public health.A.what B.thisC.that D.which11(2009重重庆庆)Over the past 20 years,the Internet has helped change our world in _ way or another for the better.A.any B.oneC.every D.either12(2009四四川川)I like this house with a beautiful garden
17、 in front,but I dont have enough money to buy _.A.one B.itC.this D.that13(2009南南京京调调研研)The financial crisis and the suffering _ has caused have a great influence on the whole world.A.they B.whichC.it D.what14(2009扬扬 州州 调调 研研)James Cook was a strict captain,but _ all the sailors on the ship showed re
18、spect for.A.that B.the oneC.who D.one15(2009烟烟台台检检测测)Does _ please you to give gifts to others?Sure.A.it B.thatC.one D.he16(2009宁宁波波教教学学检检测测)The chairman thought _ necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.A.that B.itC.this D.him17(2009宁宁波波教教学学检检测测)Do you have _ for the party,Mary?
19、No,we still have to get another five chairs and some fresh flowers.A.something B.everythingC.anything D.nothing18(2009杭杭州州教教学学检检测测)I admired the painting,and Ted said he would like me to have _ as a gift for him.A.one B.itC.this D.some19(2009合合肥肥教教学学检检测测)To some people life is enjoyable,while to _ i
20、t is suffering.A.ones B.othersC.those D.another20(2009西西城城区区抽抽样样)The man had expected to see all his relatives when in hospital,but _ came to see him while many of his friends offered him their help.A.none B.no oneC.someone D.anyone21(2009石石家家庄庄毕毕业业班班教教学学检检测测)Weve been looking at houses but havent f
21、ound _ we like yet.A.it B.themC.that D.one22(2009重重庆庆联联合合诊诊断断)Whos knocking at the door?Maybe _ wanting to sell some new product.A.everybody B.anybodyC.somebody D.nobody23(2009江江西西重重点点中中学学协协作作体体联联考考)There must be a dozen hands in this house but I can never find one when I need it.Be patient._ is sur
22、e to turn up.A.One B.ItC.This D.That24(2009金金丽丽衢衢十十二二校校联联考考)Lei Feng is a hero,_,I think,who will be remembered by Chinese forever.A.who B.itC.which D.one25(2010辽辽宁宁沈沈阳阳期期末末)Where did you get your laptop?Id like to get one.Well,at _ shop on Avenue 48,but I cant say exactly.A.some B.anyC.each D.every
23、26(2009东东北北三三校校)Alice is one of those students who I am sure always do _ best in most difficult situations.A.their B.herC.ones D.my27(2009东东北北三三校校)Its a little surprising that a house made of wood or bamboo may stay up in an earthquake while _ made of steel and concrete may fall down.A.one B.thatC.i
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