英美国家概况Australia澳大利亚.pptx

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1、Nation-building from a Convict SettlementThe introduction of Australia historyEvents and people that made a nation第1页/共20页Australia historyThe early pre-colonial period The colonial period before FederationModern times after Federation第2页/共20页The earliest residents AboriginesAround 50,000 to 60,000

2、years agoBefore the arrival of the white settlers in 1788第3页/共20页Didgeridoo第4页/共20页The colonial period before FederationEuropean discovery of AustraliaAustralia as the convict settlement/penal colony第5页/共20页European discovery of Australia 1770 Captain James Cook discovered the eastern coast of Austr

3、alia(New South Wales)vThe first discovery of Australia by Dutch explorers was in 1606,but they didnt realize it.v1642 Dutch navigator Abel Tasman sighted the Tasmania and named it Van Diemans landv1688 William Dampier was the first English navigator to see Australia(northwest coast)第6页/共20页Captain J

4、ames CookA national hero in Australia the greatest British explorer and navigator Contribution to the European knowledge of the Southern Hemisphere and providing important information for the First Fleet that was going to set up overseas colony for Britain in 1788第7页/共20页1755 Royal Navy1768 an exped

5、ition to the south pacific with a secret purpose to find the southern continent 1770 discovered the eastern coast of Australia(New South Wales)and soon claimed the entire continent for the Britain第8页/共20页Australia as the convict settlementTime:began in1788Background:the independence of the 13 Americ

6、an colonies in 1776 meant Britain had lost its overseas prison in North America.Reason:to alleviate pressure on the overburdened prisons and reduce the crime rate in BritainEvent:the First Fleet第9页/共20页The First FleetAdmiral Arthur Phillip:the Governor of the colony On January 18,1788,the Fleet arri

7、ved at Botany Bay(not suitable for settlement;infertile;shortage of water;unfriendly Aborigines)On January 26,1788,entered Port Jackson and chose the site Sydney Cove as the first British settlement in Australia.(thats why January 26 is celebrated as Australia Day)On May 13,1787,the First Fleet of 1

8、1 ships sailed from Britain to Australia.第10页/共20页Admiral Arthur Phillipthe founding father of AustraliaReasons:founded the first British settlement in Australia at a site in Port Jackson(Sydney Harbor)set up civil administration with courts of law instead of establishing the colony as a military pr

9、ison.When he left New South Wales in 1792,the colony was well-established.第11页/共20页Sydney Harbor第12页/共20页British settlementFrom 1788 to 1888,seven colonies were set up under the British rule,and the economies of the colonies developed well.Gold rush(1851)In 1868,transportation of convicts to Austral

10、ia ended and free migrants from Britain began settling down.第13页/共20页 The Gold RushThe discovery of gold in Australia began in 1851 and occurred in the aftermath of a worldwide economic depressionmarked a turning point in Australias colonial historytransformed Australia economically,politically,and

11、demographicallycaused more and more free settlers coming and a rise of the anti-transportation movement saw outbursts of racist violence against the Chinese gold miners 第14页/共20页The federation of AustraliaOn January 1,1901,the establishment of the Commonwealth of Australia1931 an independent nation

12、of the British Commonwealth19141918,world war I 19391945,world war IIAfter world war,a large amount of immigrants went to Australia and contributed to the development of Australia第15页/共20页The federation of AustraliaGold rushThe First FleetCaptain James CookstimulateThe beginning of the British settl

13、ement in AustraliaProvide information for First Fleet第16页/共20页Modern times after federationrapid economic development:the embracement of multiculturalism and Asian economic boomChallenges:race relation(refuse to endorse the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples;indigenous people have a living standard much lower than the other Australians)global warming terrorism第17页/共20页第18页/共20页Thank youThank you第19页/共20页感谢您的观看！第20页/共20页