英语语法高中定语从句.pptx

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1、一、关系副词引导的定语从句一、关系副词引导的定语从句第1页/共40页三个基本的关系副词三个基本的关系副词关系副词关系副词先行词所指先行词所指在句中所作成分在句中所作成分When When 时间时间时间状语时间状语wherewhere地点地点地点状语地点状语whywhy原因原因原因状语原因状语【特别提醒】when,where既能引导限定性定语从句，也能引导非限定性定语从句，而why通常引导限定性定语从句。第2页/共40页That is the day when he got married.That is the time when all of us lived together as a f

2、amily.That is the factory where I used to work.That is the hospital where my son was born ten years ago.That is the reason why he was fired.【用适当的关系副词填空】【用适当的关系副词填空】第3页/共40页表示原因的先行词一般只有reason一个。表示时间的先行词除了time之外，还有：day,morning,afternoon,evening,night,week,month,year等；表示地点的先行词除了place之外，还可以是desk,table,s

3、pot,room,house,school,street,town,country等。【名师指津】第4页/共40页Occasionsarequiterare_Ihavethetimetospendadaywithmykids.【2008山东高考】A.whoB.whichC.whyD.when【典题例证】第5页/共40页Illgiveyoumyfriendshomeaddress,Icanbereachedmostevenings.（08北京卷）A.whichB.whenC.whomD.where【典题例证】第6页/共40页Somepre-schoolchildrengotoadaycarece

4、nter,_theylearnsimplegamesandsongs.(07全国I)A.thenB.thereC.whileD.where【典题例证】第7页/共40页1.关系副词使用的几种变化关系副词使用的几种变化（1 1）关系副词通常也可以用）关系副词通常也可以用“that+that+介词后置介词后置”代替或省略；代替或省略；（2 2）在正式文体中，也可以使用）在正式文体中，也可以使用“介词介词+which”+which”的结构。的结构。u That is the river where I used to swim.(关系副词)u That is the river that I used

5、 to swim in.(that+介词后置)u That is the river I used to swim in.(省略)u That is the river in which I used to swim.(介词+which)【名师指津】第8页/共40页2.2.【介词【介词+which+which结构中的介词选择问题】结构中的介词选择问题】I still remember the time when(at which)I first became a high school student.There are several areas in the city where(in w

6、hich)you can buy clothes in fashion.介词与先行词之间的搭配关系；介词与先行词之间的搭配关系；1第9页/共40页（1）I saw the stamp of which my father was very proud.（2）Here is some money with which you can buy some books.介词与从句中谓语动词的搭配关系。介词与从句中谓语动词的搭配关系。2第10页/共40页（3）There was nobody in the family to whom he could turn for help.(固定短语turn t

7、o sb.向某人求助)（4）The play in which I played an important role was a great success.(to play a role in the play就不是固定短语。)第11页/共40页【典题例证】【典题例证】Gun control is a subject Americans have argued for a long time.【2009陕西高考】A.of which B.with which C.about which D.into which【解析解析】选选C。先行词是a subject，指物且关系词在从句中做介词的宾语；

8、介词前置，介词与从句动词构成搭配argue about sth。【思路点拨思路点拨】能够帮助我们排除其他选项的是哪个介词与argue搭配的问题。因此，此类高考题属于定语从句考点的边缘考点，并不是定语从句的核心。第12页/共40页1.Its helpful to put children in a situation_ they can see themselves differently.【2009福建高考】A.that B.when C.which D.where【典题例证】抽象的先行词带来的关系副词的选择问题抽象的先行词带来的关系副词的选择问题 3第13页/共40页Ihavereached

9、apointinmylife_Iamsupposedtomakedecisionsofmyown.【2009浙江高考】A.whichB.whereC.howD.why第14页/共40页Lifeislikealongrace_wecompetewithotherstogobeyondourselves.【2009重庆高考】A.whyB.whatC.thatD.where第15页/共40页Shellneverforgetherstaythere_shefoundhersonwhohadgonemissingtwoyearsbefore.【2009四川高考】A.thatB.whichC.whereD

10、.when第16页/共40页二、限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句二、限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句第17页/共40页【非限定性定语从句的由来】【非限定性定语从句的由来】Tom is the only student who has been admitted to Harvard in my class.汤姆是我们班唯一一个已经被哈佛大学录取的学生。The principal,who was seated on my right,delivered an exciting speech.校长发表了一个令人振奋的演讲，当时他就坐在我右边。第18页/共40页【限定性与非限定性定语从句的意义区别】

11、【限定性与非限定性定语从句的意义区别】The old man has two sons who serve in the army.老人有两个当兵的儿子。The old man has two sons,who serve in the army.老人有两个儿子，都当兵。第19页/共40页非限定性定语从句有时可以像一个并列句，例如：He has a walk after dinner every evening,which is good for his health.=He has a walk after dinner every evening,and this is good for

12、his health.He likes reading books,which I am delighted to hear.=He likes reading books and I am delighted to hear that.第20页/共40页非限定性定语从句还可以从意义上像一个状语从句，表示原因、目的、结果、条件、让步等。例如：The new engineer,who has read the instructions,failed in the project.第21页/共40页【归纳总结】限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句意义起限定作用，是主句不可缺少的成分起补充说明作用，省去后

13、不影响主句的意思形式与先行词间无逗号常用逗号与主句分开翻译常译成前置定语常译成并列的分句第22页/共40页【非限定性定语从句的引导词的问题】【非限定性定语从句的引导词的问题】一般来说，除了关系代词that和关系副词why，其他定语从句的引导词均可以引导非限定性定语从句。例如：His speech,which inspired everyone,was well received.A student,who was admitted to an ordinary university,was greatly disappointed.The cinema,whose roof was damag

14、ed in the storm,will be brought down.They will fly to New York next Friday,where they have planned to stay for a few weeks.You can come next weekend,when the books will be ready for you.第23页/共40页 as和which在引导非限定性定语从句时的相同点和区别：(1)相同点：as和which都可以指代整个句子的内容。The meeting was put off，which/as was exactly wha

15、t we wanted.这次会议延期了，这正是我们所希望的。as、which 引导的非限定性定语从句第24页/共40页(2)不同点：as引导的从句既可以位于主句前，也可位于主句后，主从句没有前后逻辑关系，常表示“正如”；而which引导的从句只能位于主句后，主从句常有一定的因果关系或前后顺序，常表示“这一点”，相当于and this或and that。第25页/共40页Liquid water changes to vapor,which is called evaporation.液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。As everyone knows，all that glitters is no

16、t gold.=All that glitters，as everyone knows，is not gold.=All that glitters is not gold，as everyone knows.众所周知，并不是所有发光的东西都是金子。第26页/共40页三、定语从句使用的注意事项三、定语从句使用的注意事项第27页/共40页【1.分析成分的能力和意识】分析成分的能力和意识】Mr.Goodman has to be away on business on Feb.8th,_ happens to be his wifes birthday.A.which B.when C.that

17、D.on which Last Sunday,we visited the Lincoln Memorial,_,of course,was crowded with visitors from all over the world.A.which B.where C.that D.it(1)如果空白后面紧跟着动词的，明显缺少的是主语。第28页/共40页(2)及物动词后必然有宾语，即如果及物动词后面没有宾语，先行词就是作动词的宾语。The Science Museum,_ we visited during a recent trip to Britain,is one of Londons

18、tourist attractions.【2008江苏高考】A.whichB.what C.that D.where第29页/共40页(3)不及物动词后没有宾语，在不缺少主语的情况下，先行词则通常作状语等成分。-Is that the small town you often refer to?-Right,just the one _ you know I used to work for years.A.that B.which C.where D.what 第30页/共40页(4)介词后面通常要跟宾语，如果介词后面没有宾语，则先行词通常作这个介词的宾语。-Do you have anyt

19、hing to say for yourselves?-Yes，theres one point _ we must insist on Awhy Bwhere Chow D/第31页/共40页【并列连词的陷阱】【并列连词的陷阱】Tom has two brothers,both of whom love sports.Tom has two brothers and both of them love sports.简单的并列连词：and,but,so,or,yet 第32页/共40页【wayway意为意为“方式，方法方式，方法”，作先行词时的关系词的选择问，作先行词时的关系词的选择问题】题

20、】（1）用“介词+which”引导定语从句；例如：I dont like the way in which you speak to your mother.（2）用that引导定语从句；例如：I dont like the way that you speak to your mother.（3）省略关系词；例如：I dont like the way you speak to your mother.第33页/共40页【介词【介词+关系副词的问题】关系副词的问题】Look over there!some people are standing on the top of the build

21、ing,_ you can enjoy the view of the whole city.A.where B.from which C.where D.from where 第34页/共40页【介词【介词+关系副词的问题】关系副词的问题】1、Soon after getting off his horse,the captain appeared at the second storey windows,from where he could see nothing but trees.2、She climbed up to the top of the hill,from where s

22、he could have a good view of the whole town.第35页/共40页5.先行词为“time”时，引导词的选择（1）time 意为“次数”时，定语从句常用that 引导。（2）time意为“时期，一段时间”时，定语从句常用when,during which,at which 等引导；Its the first time(that)Ive been here.Ill never forget the time when/during which we played together.第36页/共40页 6.分隔式定语从句.定语从句有时不直接紧靠着先行词，中间由

23、一个定语、状语或谓语隔开，此时找准先行词是关键。Because of the financial crisis,days are gone _ local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night.【2009江苏高考】A.if B.when C.which D.since第37页/共40页 6.分隔式定语从句.定语从句有时不直接紧靠着先行词，中间由一个定语、状语或谓语隔开，此时找准先行词是关键。The village has developed a lot we learned farming two years ago.（07福建卷）whenB.whichA.C.thatD.where第38页/共40页第39页/共40页感谢您的观看！第40页/共40页