当代研究生英语读写教程(上)课件Unit2_Text_A.ppt

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1、Reading and Writing外语教学与研究出版社Unit 2BookOne外语教学与研究出版社ContentWarming-upWarming-upReadingReadingWritingWritingTextATextATextBTextBBookOne外语教学与研究出版社Warming-upBookOne外语教学与研究出版社nWatchthistalkshowprogramanddiscussinwhatwaysthefriendshipsbetweenmensfriendshipandwomensaredifferent.BookOne外语教学与研究出版社1.Question

2、s:1)Who do you prefer to chat with,people of your own gender or the opposite gender?Is your best friend of your own gender?2)Do you have any difficulty in communicating with people of the opposite gender?3)Have you noticed any similarities or differences between your ways of communicating with your

3、boy friends and girl friends?2.Each group appoint one representative to give a presentation about the groups discussion.Group discussion BookOne外语教学与研究出版社 WHY IS IT SO HARD FOR MEN AND WOMEN TO TALK TO EACH OTHER?DeborahTannenBookOne外语教学与研究出版社ReadingText ATextStudyTextStudyMainIdea&StructureMainIdea

4、&StructureSentenceAnalysisSentenceAnalysisLanguagePointsLanguagePointsBookOne外语教学与研究出版社 Main Idea and StructurenFirstreading:Scanthetextandtrytocatchthemainidea.The following words are for your reference toorganizetheidea:Communication crisis，in public,at home,childhood socializtion,norms,expectatio

5、n,cross-cultural communication,accept,understandnSecondreading:readthepassageagainandtrytoidentifythestructureofthispassage.For your referenceFor your referenceBookOne外语教学与研究出版社This article focuses on the communication crisis in marriage,and analyze the reasons behind it.It finds that due to the dif

6、ference in childhood socializtion men and women have different interactive norms and expectation.And these difference make male-female talk like cross-cultural communication.To solve this problem,both men and women need to accept the difference and try to understand each other.MainIdeaBookOne外语教学与研究

7、出版社StructureA small episode of the crisis Para.6-18The sound of silence Mainidea:Men tend to talk More in public situations than at home.Lack of communication has become a crisis in marriage.Mainidea:Male-female communication is like cross-cultural communication.Men and women have different way of c

8、ommunication,conversation habits and dexpectation of good commuincation.Mainidea:The communication problems require a new conceptual framework about the role of talking in marriage.Women need to accept the difference and understand their hunsbands.Linguistic battle between men and women Para.19-22Pa

9、ra.1-5BookOne外语教学与研究出版社Text StudyBookOne外语教学与研究出版社1IwasaddressingasmallgatheringinasuburbanVirginialivingroomawomensgroupthathadinvitedmentojointhem.Throughouttheevening,onemanhadbeenparticularlytalkative,frequentlyofferingideasandanecdotes,whilehiswifesatsilentlybesidehimonthecouch.Towardtheendofth

10、eevening,Icommentedthatwomenfrequentlycomplainthattheirhusbandsdonttalktothem.Thismanquicklyconcurred.Hegesturedtowardhiswifeandsaid,“Shesthetalkerinourfamily.”Theroomburstintolaughter;themanlookedpuzzledandhurt.“Itstrue,”heexplained.“WhenIcomehomefromworkIhavenothingtosay.Ifshedidntkeeptheconversat

11、iongoing,wedspendthewholeeveninginsilence.”2ThisepisodecrystallizestheironythatalthoughAmericanmentendtotalkmorethanwomeninpublicsituations,theyoftentalklessathome.Andthispatterniswreakinghavocwithmarriage.BookOne外语教学与研究出版社Paras.3-53SociologistCatherineKohierRiessman,whoreportsinhernewbookDivorceTal

12、kthatmostofthewomensheinterviewedbutonlyafewofthemengavelackofcommunicationasthereasonfortheirdivorces.4Inmyownresearch,complaintsfromwomenabouttheirhusbandsmostoftenfocusednotontangibleinequitiessuchashavinggivenupthechanceforacareertoaccompanyahusbandtohis,ordoingfarmorethantheirshareofdailylife.I

13、nstead,theyfocusedoncommunication:“Hedoesntlistentome,”“Hedoesnttalktome.”Ifoundthatmostwiveswanttheirhusbandstobe,firstandforemost,conversationalpartners,butfewhusbandssharethisexpectationoftheirwives.5Inshort,theimagethatbestrepresentsthecurrentcrisisisthestereotypicalcartoonsceneofamansittingatth

14、ebreakfasttablewithanewspaperheldupinfrontofhisface,whileawomanglaresatthebackofit,wantingtotalk.BookOne外语教学与研究出版社Paras.6-8LinguisticBattleBetweenMenandWomen6Howcanwomenandmenhavesuchdifferentimpressionsofcommunicationinmarriage?Whyisthereawidespreadimbalanceintheirinterestsandexpectations?7IntheApr

15、il1990issueofAmericanPsychologist,StanfordUniversitysEleanorMaccobyreportstheresultsofherownandothersresearchshowingthatchildrensdevelopmentismostinfluencedbythesocialstructureofpeerinteractions.Boysandgirlstendtoplaywithchildrenoftheirowngender,andtheirsex-separategroupshavedifferentorganizationals

16、tructuresandinteractivenorms.8Ibelievethesesystematicdifferencesinchildhoodsocializationmaketalkbetweenwomenandmenlikecross-culturalcommunication.Myresearchonmensandwomensconversationsuncoveredpatternssimilartothosedescribedforchildrensgroups.BookOne外语教学与研究出版社Paras.9-119Forwomen,asforgirls,intimacyi

17、sthefabricofrelationships,andtalkisthethreadfromwhichitiswoven.Littlegirlscreateandmaintainfriendshipsbyexchangingsecrets;similarly,womenregardconversationasthecornerstoneoffriendship.Soawomanexpectsherhusbandtobeanewandimprovedversionofabestfriend.Whatisimportantisnottheindividualsubjectsthataredis

18、cussedbutthesenseofcloseness,ofalifeshared,thatemergeswhenpeopletelltheirthoughts,feelings,andimpressions.10Bondsbetweenboyscanbeasintenseasgirls,buttheyarebasedlessontalking,moreondoingthingstogether.Sincetheydontassumetalkisthecementthatbindsarelationship,mendontknowwhatkindoftalkwomenwant,andthey

19、dontmissitwhenitisntthere.11Boysgroupsarelarger,moreinclusive,andmorehierarchical,soboysmuststruggletoavoidthesubordinatepositioninthegroup.Thismayplayaroleinwomenscomplaintsthatmendontlistentothem.BookOne外语教学与研究出版社Para.1212Oftenwhenwomentellmen,“Youarentlistening,”andthemenprotest“Iam”,themenarerig

20、ht.Theimpressionofnotlisteningresultsfrommisalignmentsinthemechanicsofconversation.Thismisalignmentbeginsassoonasamanandawomantakephysicalpositions.WhenIstudiedvideotapesmadebypsychologistBruceDorvalofchildrenandadultstalkingtotheirsame-sexbestfriends,Ifoundateveryage,thegirlsandwomenfacedeachotherd

21、irectly,theireyesanchoredoneachothersfaces.Ateveryage,theboysandmensatatanglestoeachotherandlookedelsewhereintheroom,periodicallyglancingateachother.Butthetendencyofmentofaceawaycangivewomentheimpressiontheyarentlisteningevenwhentheyare.Ayoungwomanincollegewasfrustrated:whenevershetoldherboyfriendsh

22、ewantedtotalktohim,hewouldliedownonthefloor,closehiseyes,andputhisarmoverhisface.Thissignaledtoher,“Hestakinganap.”Butheinsistedhewaslisteningextrahard.Normally,helooksaroundtheroom,soheiseasilydistracted.Lyingdownandcoveringhiseyeshelpedhimconcentrateonwhatshewassaying.BookOne外语教学与研究出版社Para.13-1513

23、Switchingtopicsisanotherhabitthatgiveswomentheimpressionmenarentlistening,especiallyiftheyswitchtoatopicaboutthemselves.Thegirlsinmystudytendedtotalkatlengthaboutonetopic,buttheboystendedtojumpfromtopictotopic.14Mystudyofthe10th-gradechildrenfoundthatwhenagirltoldafriendaboutaproblem,thefriendrespon

24、dedbyaskingprobingquestionsandexpressingagreementandunderstanding.Buttheboysdismissedeachothersproblems.ToddassuredRichardthathisdrinkingwas“nobigproblem”.AndwhenToddsaidhefeltleftout,Richardresponded,“Whyshouldyou?Youknowmorepeoplethanme.”15Womenperceivedsuchresponsesasbelittlingandunsupportive.But

25、theboysseemedsatisfiedwiththem.Whereaswomenreassureeachotherbyimplying,“YoushouldntfeelbadbecauseIvehadsimilarexperiences,”mendosobyimplying,“Youshouldntfeelbadbecauseyourproblemsarentsobad.”BookOne外语教学与研究出版社Para.16-1716Thereareevensimplerreasonsforwomensimpressionthatmendontlisten.LinguistLynetteHi

26、rschmanfoundthatwomenmakemorelistener-noise,suchas“mhm”,“uhuh”,and“yeah”,toshow“Imwithyou”.Men,shefound,moreoftengivesilentattention.Womenwhoexpectastreamoflistener-noiseinterpretsilentattentionasnoattentionatall.17Womensconversationalhabitsareasfrustratingtomenasmensaretowomen.Menwhoexpectsilentatt

27、entioninterpretastreamoflistener-noiseasoverreactionorimpatience.Also,whenwomentalktoeachotherinaclose,comfortablesetting,theyoftenoverlap,finisheachotherssentencesandanticipatewhattheotherisabouttosay.Thispractice,whichIcall“participatorylistenership”,isoftenperceivedbymenasinterruption,intrusionan

28、dlackofattention.BookOne外语教学与研究出版社Para.18 18Aparalleldifferencecausedamantocomplainabouthiswife,“Shejustwantstotalkaboutherownpointofview.IfIshowheranotherview,shegetsmadatme.”Whenmostwomentalktoeachother,theyassumeaconversationalistsjobistoexpressagreementandsupport.Butmanymenseetheirconversational

29、dutyaspointingouttheothersideofanargument.Thisisheardasdisloyaltybywomen,andrefusaltooffertherequisitesupport.Itisnotthatwomendontwanttoseeotherpointsofview,butthattheypreferthemphrasedassuggestionsandinquiriesratherthanasdirectchallenges.BookOne外语教学与研究出版社Paras.19-20 TheSoundsofSilence19Thesediffere

30、ncesbegintoclarifywhywomenandmenhavesuchdifferentexpectationsaboutcommunicationinmarriage.Forwomen,talkcreatesintimacy.Marriageisanorgyofcloseness:youcantellyourfeelingsandthoughts,andstillbeloved.Theirgreatestfearisbeingpushedaway.Butmenliveinahierarchicalworld,wheretalkmaintainsindependenceandstat

31、us.Theyareonguardtoprotectthemselvesfrombeingputdownandpushedaround.20Thisexplainstheparadoxofthetalkativemanwhosaidofhissilentwife,“Shesthetalker.”Inthepublicsetting,hefeltchallengedtoshowhisintelligenceanddisplayhisunderstanding.Butathome,wherehehasnothingtoproveandnoonetodefendagainst,heisfreetor

32、emainsilent.Forhiswife,beinghomemeanssheisfreefromtheworrythatsomethingshesaysmightoffendsomeone,orsparkdisagreement,orappeartobeshowingoff;athomesheisfreetotalk.BookOne外语教学与研究出版社Paras.21-22n21Thecommunicationproblemsthatendangermarriagecantbefixedbymechanicalengineering.Theyrequireanewconceptualfra

33、meworkabouttheroleoftalkinhumanrelationships.Manyofthepsychologicalexplanationsmaynotbehelpful,becausetheytendtoblameeitherwomen(fornotbeingassertiveenough)ormen(fornotbeingintouchwiththeirfeelings).Asociolinguisticapproachbywhichmale-femaleconversationisseenascross-culturalcommunicationallowsustoun

34、derstandtheproblemandforgesolutionswithoutblamingeitherparty.n22Oncetheproblemisunderstood,improvementcomesnaturally.Womenwhofeelabandonedanddeprivedwhentheirhusbandswontlistentoorreportdailynewsmaybehappytodiscovertheirhusbandstryingtoadaptoncetheyunderstandtheplaceofsmalltalkinwomensrelationships.

35、Butiftheirhusbandsdontadapt,thewomenmaystillbecomfortedthatformen,thisisnotafailureofintimacy.Acceptingthedifference,thewivesmaylooktotheirfriendsorfamilyforthatkindoftalk.Andhusbandswhocantprovideitshouldntfeeltheirwiveshavemadeunreasonabledemands.Somecoupleswillstilldecidetodivorce,butatleasttheir

36、decisionswillbebasedonrealisticexpectations.BookOne外语教学与研究出版社Sentence AnalysisBookOne外语教学与研究出版社1.Andthispatterniswreakinghavocwithmarriage.(Para.2,Line 2)pattern:phenomenonwreak:Tobringabout;cause,giveeffectto带来；引起；造成：e.g.Theyhavewreakeddreadfulhavocamongthewildlifebyshootingandtrapping.他们射杀和诱捕野生动物，

37、造成了严重的破坏。havoc:disaster,damage,destruction灾难，破坏，毁坏wreakhavoc带来灾难e.g.Thestormwreakedhavocalongthecoast.暴风雨给海岸带来灾难。Paraphrase:Thispatterniscausingdisasterswithinmarriages.译文：译文：这一现象使婚姻受到严重威胁。II.BookOne外语教学与研究出版社2.Inmyownresearch,complaintsfromwomenabouttheirhusbandsmostoftenfocusednotontangibleinequit

38、iesashavinggivenupthechanceforacareertoaccompanyahusbandtohis,ordoingfarmorethantheirshareofdailylife.(Para.4,Line 1-3)tangible:discerniblebythetouch;palpable,practicle通过触摸可以感知的；可触知的；实际的e.g.thetangiblebenefitsoftheplan该项计划带来的实际利益accompany:gowith,occurordoatthesametime陪同，与一同发生e.g.Everydaythemotheracc

39、ompaniedherlittlesontoschool.这位母亲每天送小儿子上学。Willyouaccompanymeindrinkingaglassofwine?愿意陪我喝一杯吗？BookOne外语教学与研究出版社Paraphrase:Inmyownresearch,womencomplainabouttheirhusbands,notbecausetheygiveuptheirchancesforacareertogototheplacewherethehusbandswork,ortheyhavetodomostofthehomework.译文：译文：在我本人的研究中，女性对丈夫的抱怨

40、大多不是集中在一些实际的不平等现象，例如为了跟随丈夫的事业而放弃了发展自己事业的机会，或者她们所承担的日常生活琐事远远超过她们份内的部分。BookOne外语教学与研究出版社3.Theimpressionofnotlisteningresultsfrommisalignmentsinthemechanicsofconversation.(Para.12,Line 2-3)misalignment:failuretocoincidewitheachother未对准；错位mechanics:themethodor/andtechnicalaspectsofanactivity某种活动的方法与技术Pa

41、raphrase:Womenhavetheimpressionthatmenarenotlisteningwhentheytalkbecausethemethodmenadoptinconversationisdifferentfromwomens.译文译文:这种给人没有在听的印象是由于男女对话方式的不同而引起的。BookOne外语教学与研究出版社4.Womenperceivedsuchresponsesasbelittlingandunsupportive.(Para.15,Line1)perceive:Toachieveunderstandingof;apprehend,see获得对的理解

42、；理解belittle:Torepresentorspeakofascontemptiblysmallorunimportant轻视，小看：当作渺小或不重要来描述或叙说；e.g.apersonwhobelittledoureffortstodothejobright.一个小看我们为做好工作而付出的努力的人unsupportive:拒绝提供支持的，不支持的Paraphrase:Womentakesuchresponsesasseeingtheirproblemunimportantandrefusingtosupportthem.译文译文:女性把这种回答看作是轻视她们的问题和不支持她们。Book

43、One外语教学与研究出版社5.“Aparalleldifferencecausedamantocomplainabouthiswife,.”(Para.18,Line 1)parallel:(adj.)havingthesamedirection,tendency,orcause具有同样的方向、倾向e.g.Theyhaveparallelinterests.他们有相同的兴趣。Paraphrase:Anotherdifference,similartothedifferenceinconversationalhabitsdiscussedinparagraph17,makesamancompla

44、inabouthiswife,.译文译文:同样，男女之间的差别也使丈夫抱怨妻子BookOne外语教学与研究出版社6.Itisnotthatwomendontwanttoseeotherpointsofview,butthattheypreferthemphrasedassuggestionsandinquiriesratherthanasdirectchallenges.(Para.18,Line 5-7)这是个复合句。主句是“Itisnotthatbutthat”，从句“preferratherthan”修饰”butthat”，句中“them”指代“otherpointsofview”。ph

45、rase:expressParaphrase:Itisnotthatwomendontwanttoseeotherpointsofview,butthattheyprefertohearthesedifferentpointsofviewexpressedintheformofsuggestionsandinquiries,notdirectchallenges.译文译文:这不是因为女性不想听到别的观点，而是因为女性更喜欢将这些观点以建议或询问的言词表达出来，而不是以直接了当的挑战形式表达出来。BookOne外语教学与研究出版社Language PointsBookOne外语教学与研究出版社d

46、istractvt.drawsomeonesattentionawayfromsomething分散（注意力等，使分心）e.g.Childrenaresoeasilydistracted.儿童的注意力很不容易集中。Thefilmmanagedtodistractmefromtheseproblemsforawhile.这部影片分散了我的注意力，让我暂时忘记了这些难题。vt.disturbinmindormakeuneasyorcausetobeworriedoralarmed弄糊涂，使心神不安，担心e.g.Hewasdistractedbetweentwoobjects.他被这两件东西所迷惑。

47、Griefdistractedhim.悲伤使他精神错乱。BookOne外语教学与研究出版社reassurevt.restoreconfidenceto;dispeltheapprehensionsof安慰，使放心e.g.Theyneedtobereassuredbyparentsandteachersthattheyarestillwanted.他们需要由家长和教师再三给以保证，使之相信他们不是多余的。Hiswordsreassuredme.听了他的话我释然了。Thepolicereassuredheraboutthechildssafety.警察让她放心，她的孩子很安全。BookOne外语教

48、学与研究出版社intrusionn.anunwantedeventorpersoninasituationthatisprivate(讨厌的事或人的)干扰，侵扰into/on/upone.g.SheconsideredPamspresenceinthekitchenanintrusion.她认为帕姆待在厨房是一种干扰。Iresentedthisintrusionintomydomesticaffairs.我讨厌这种对我家事的干扰。ThisistheintrusionofWesternvaluesonaculturethathasexistedforcenturies.这是西方价值观对一种已存在

49、几百年的文化的侵袭。v.intrude(into/on/upon)闯入，侵入，侵扰，打扰，把强加于e.g.Atranslatorshouldntintrudehisownopinionsintowhathestranslating.译者不应该擅自把自己的意思加进译文中。Hehadnowishtointrudeontheirprivacy.他原本就不想触犯他们私人活动的自由。BookOne外语教学与研究出版社inclusiveadj.includingmuchoreverything;andespeciallyincludingstatedlimits包括的，包含的e.g.Reservedoub

50、leroom,Junefourthtotenthinclusive.预订双人房间，六月四日至十日anall-inclusivecharge包括一切费用在内的价格inclusiveofe.g.Therentis50RMBaweek,inclusiveofheatingandlighting.房租每星期50元，包括暖气费和照明费Themonthlyrentis$20inclusiveofeverything.月房租总共二十美元，包括一切费用在内。例题：例题：Theteamconsistsof15people,inclusive_thecaptain.A.ofB.inC.forD.from句意：句意