阅读理解精析精练.ppt

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1、阅读理解精析精练阅读理解精析精练_高考英语阅读解题技巧高考英语阅读解题技巧READING一、考试要求及题型设置一、考试要求及题型设置考试要求考试要求:1.考察学生对文章的基本结构考察学生对文章的基本结构 的认知的认知;2.考察学生对文章基本信息的理解考察学生对文章基本信息的理解;3.考察学生对文章主旨大义的理解考察学生对文章主旨大义的理解;4.要求学生理解作者的意图和态度要求学生理解作者的意图和态度;5.根据上下文进行推断根据上下文进行推断;6.作出简单的逻辑推理和判断作出简单的逻辑推理和判断.题型设置题型设置 1.客观题客观题:如词义猜测如词义猜测,细节事实题及是非判断题细节事实题及是非判断

2、题.2.主观题主观题:如主旨大意如主旨大意,作者态度语气及逻辑推理题作者态度语气及逻辑推理题;A Two truck drivers didnt know each other when they arrived at the scene of a severe two-car accident on Kentucky mountain highway last June.Yet they worked together like long-time partner and saved two motorists from near certain death.For their braver

3、y,Terry and Floyd have been named Goodyear North American Highway Heroes for 2003.The award was announced on Thursday at the Mid-America Trucking Show.In recognition of the honor,Terry and Floyd split a$20,000 savings bond and won free trips to Nashville.On June 22,Terry and Floyddriving trucks sepa

4、ratelycame across an accident involving a jeep and a car on mountain parkway.The quick-thinking men broke the back window of the upside-down jeep,freed the driver from his seat-belt,and dragged him to safety.But the driver of the car was pinned inside of the vehicle,and the fire from the jeep was sp

5、reading dangerously close.“The paint was melting on the car;it was so hot,”recalled Floyd.Terry and Floyd attached a nylon strap between Floyds truck and the car in an effort to pull it away from the burning jeep.The first two attempts failed.On the third try,the strap held and Floyd pulled the car

6、to the safety.Soon afterward,the fire reached the jeeps tank,creating a fireball that took in the area where the car had been located.When the rescue crews arrived,Floydan experienced technicianused the“jaws-of-life”to free the car driver.二、阅读理解技巧解析二、阅读理解技巧解析1、不同体裁的文章结构、不同体裁的文章结构 （1）新闻报道或叙事性文体：倒）新闻报

7、道或叙事性文体：倒叙或夹叙夹议叙或夹叙夹议事件的事件的5w事件的事件的过程过程给予人的启示给予人的启示（一）（一）.从文章的篇章结构或从文章从文章的篇章结构或从文章 起始段入手，准确把握全文，以便起始段入手，准确把握全文，以便更好的进入文章；更好的进入文章；（2 2）议论文及科普性说明文：总分结构或总）议论文及科普性说明文：总分结构或总分总结构分总结构 议论文：论点议论文：论点论据论据结论结论理解文章结构可以使读者迅速明确细节问理解文章结构可以使读者迅速明确细节问题的答案位置以及清楚文章的中心及作者题的答案位置以及清楚文章的中心及作者的论点及态度的论点及态度2 2、从文章的篇首句或主题句进入文

8、、从文章的篇首句或主题句进入文章。抓住每个段落的中心句（通常章。抓住每个段落的中心句（通常都在第一句），从中获取信息和关都在第一句），从中获取信息和关键词。键词。（二）根据文章的题材选择不（二）根据文章的题材选择不 同的阅读方法。同的阅读方法。1、自下而上的阅读法：即先读题再自下而上的阅读法：即先读题再阅读文章。广告等题材通常应选用此阅读文章。广告等题材通常应选用此种方法。种方法。2、自上而下的阅读法：即先读文章自上而下的阅读法：即先读文章再读题。再读题。B Do you have any strong opinion on co-educational or single-sex schoo

9、ls?A supporter of co-educational schools would probably say that schools should be like the societies they belong to.In Hong Kong,men and women mix socially on a day-to-day basis.In many fields men are even likely to have female bosses.It is,therefore,desirable that boys and girls grow up together,g

10、o to school together,and prepare themselves for a society that does not value sexual separation.Some would go on to argue further that growing up with members of the opposite sex is important for personal development.Regular contact can remove the strange ideas about the opposite sex and lead to mor

11、e natural relationships.Single-sex conditions are seen as leading to more extreme opinions,and possibly even as encouraging homosexuality,though there is no proof that this is the case.Those who are against co-education often fix their attention on the sexual side.Some parents fear that close contac

12、t with members of the opposite sex is dangerous for teenagers.They want their children to be attentive to their studies.Such parents feel uncomfortable with modern ways and the free mixing of the sexes.A strong argument comes from research into school results.Girls grow up earlier than boys,tend to

13、be more orderly and are likely to be better at languages.In a mixed class,boys(who might do well in a single-sex class)become discouraged and take on the role of troublemaker.Certainly in the UK this situation has greatly alarmed the government for it to be encouraging co-educational schools to have

14、 some single-sex classes.In the UK the best schools are single-sex,strongly suggesting that co-education is not the best answer.This may,however,not be as simple as it looks.It may simply be that the famous old schools that attract the best students happen to be single-sex,rather than that being sin

15、gle-sex makes them better schools.（三）、从设题和解题来谈技巧：（三）、从设题和解题来谈技巧：1 1、选项设置技巧：、选项设置技巧：(1)(1)选项中有些可以从文章中直接找到原句，选项中有些可以从文章中直接找到原句，从而得到答案从而得到答案;(2)(2)选项中经常用换个句型表达的方式来陈述选项中经常用换个句型表达的方式来陈述;(3)(3)更多的题是运用排除法排除错误选项来得更多的题是运用排除法排除错误选项来得出结论出结论;(4)(4)在主旨大义题中经常用偷梁换柱、张冠李在主旨大义题中经常用偷梁换柱、张冠李戴及以偏盖全以小代大来描述主题或陈述概念。戴及以偏盖全以

16、小代大来描述主题或陈述概念。推理判断常见的模式:(1)对数量的推算_查读细节_简单推算;(2)对信息进行分析_总结常识_进行逻辑推理;(3)对文章语境语气分析_结合作者态度_进行推理（四）、从语法结构，句群切分来理解文章。（四）、从语法结构，句群切分来理解文章。困扰学生对句意理解的难点：困扰学生对句意理解的难点：1 1、生词和短语（如熟词生义，生僻字词）、生词和短语（如熟词生义，生僻字词）2 2、分词和长难句式、分词和长难句式3 3、字面含意和深层含意、字面含意和深层含意建议：掌握常见字词的用法，长难句式进行建议：掌握常见字词的用法，长难句式进行句群切分，找出句子主干，从而达到读懂读透句群切分

17、，找出句子主干，从而达到读懂读透文章。文章。CAnimal can move from place to place,but plants cannot.When an animal is under attack,it can run away or fight back.Plants certainly cannot run away,and they lack teeth and claws.But plants can defend themselves by using both physical and chemical means.Some plants have their o

18、wn ways to keep animals away.For example,the leaves of the holly plants have sharp spines(刺刺)that discourage grass-eating animals.Holly leaves on lower branches have more spines than leaves on upper branches.This is because the lower leaves are easier for most animals to reach.Some plants such as th

19、e oak tree,have thick and hard leaves that are difficult for animals to eat.Some grasses may contain a sandy material;eating such grasses wears down the animals teeth.Many plants also have chemical defenses.Some plants produce chemicals that taste bitter cause an unpleasant reaction.Some plants may

20、fight against an attack by increasing the production of these chemicals.When a caterpillar(毛毛虫毛毛虫)bites a tobacco leaf,the leaf produces a chemical messenger.This messenger sends to the roots the information to produce more nicotine.The higher levels of nicotine discourage the caterpillar.Many plant

21、s depend on both physical and chemical defenses.A certain plant in China,for instance,has prickly（多刺的多刺的)leaves,and each prickle contains poisonous venom(毒液毒液).A single experience with this kind of plant will teach an animal to stay away from it in the future.1.The holly plant has more spines on the

22、 lower leaves because most animals_.A.are not tall enough B.like the lower leaves onlyC.are not clever enough D.can get the lower leaves easily4.What would be the best title for the passage?A.Plants and AnimalsB.How Plants Defend ThemselvesC.Attacks and DefensesD.How Animals Eat Plant LeavesC篇篇时间时间成就成就出身出身成名或死亡成名或死亡经历困难经历困难辉煌成就辉煌成就（3）人物）人物传记传记家庭作业：家庭作业：阅读高一阅读高一1717单元单元 温弗瑞及第十期报纸温弗瑞及第十期报纸D D篇篇 JACK ROLLING JACK ROLLING 的故事的故事