种常见句子结构.pptx

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1、基本句型一：（主谓）基本句型二：（主谓表）基本句型三：（主谓宾）基本句型四：（主谓间宾直宾）基本句型五：（主谓宾宾补）第1页/共71页句型句型1：Subject(主语主语)Verb(谓语谓语)此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思，这种句型中的动词完整的意思，这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，动词后大多是不及物动词，动词后不可以直接接宾语，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句不可以直接接宾语，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等等。常见的动词如：。常见的动词如：work,sing,swim,fish,jump,arriv

2、e,come,die,disappear,cry,happen等。如：等。如：1.The sun was shining.太阳在照耀着。太阳在照耀着。2.The moon rose.月亮升起了。月亮升起了。3.The universe remains.宇宙长存。宇宙长存。4.We all breathe,eat,and drink.我们大家都呼吸、我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。吃和喝。5.Who cares?管它呢？管它呢？6.What he said does not matter.他所讲的没有什么他所讲的没有什么关系。关系。7.They talked for half an hour.他们谈了半

3、个小时。他们谈了半个小时。8.The pen writes smoothly.这支笔书写流利。这支笔书写流利。Try to give me some examples which are the same drill.第2页/共71页句型句型2：Subject(主语主语)Link.V(系动系动词词)Predicate(表语表语)此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不 能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词，这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。其系动词一般可分为下列两类：(1)表示状态。这样的词有：be,loo

4、k,seem,smell,taste,sound,keep等。如：1)This kind of food tastes delicious.这种食物吃起来很可口。2)He looked worried just now.刚才他看上去有些焦急。3)We should remain modest at any time.我们在任何时候都应该保持谦虚谨慎。4)This kind of food tastes terrible.。5)The picture looks more beautiful at a certain distance.第3页/共71页2)表示变化。这类系动词有：表示变化。这类系

5、动词有：become,turn,get,grow,go等。等。如：如：1)Spring comes.It is getting warmer and warmer.春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。2)The tree has grown much taller than before.这棵树比以前长得高多了。3)Spring comes.It is getting warmer and warmer.春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。4)Dont have the food.It has gone bad.不要吃那种食物，已经变质了。5)The facts prove true.事实证明是正确的。第

6、4页/共71页Have a try!Have a try!请指出下列各句为哪种结构请指出下列各句为哪种结构：（主谓）或（主谓表）Warm up exercises:1.They talked happily for almost an hour.2.The weather here is getting hotter and hotter.3.The player was singing in the playground then.4.The city at night looks more beautiful.5.The students should keep quiet in the

7、room6.The breakfast cooked by mum has gone bad.SVSVPSVSVPSVPSVP第5页/共71页句型句型3：Subject(主语主语)Verb(谓语谓语)Object(宾宾语语)这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词及物动词,所谓及物动词，就是这种动词后可以直接接宾语，其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不直接接宾语，其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当定式、动名词或从句等来充当。此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语

8、，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。例思完整。例：1)He took his bag and left.（名词）他拿着书包离开了。2)Li Lei always helps me when I have difficulties.(代词)当我遇到困难时，李雷总能给我帮助。3)She plans to travel in the coming May Day.（不定式）她打算在即将到来的“五一”外出旅游。4)I dont know what I should do next.(从句)我不知道下一步该干什么5)She lost the chance to make her appearance on

9、 the stage.她失去了在舞台上露面的机会第6页/共71页句型句型4：Subject(主语主语)Verb(谓语谓语)Indirect object(间间接宾语接宾语)Direct object(直接宾语直接宾语)此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语两个宾语才能表达完整的意思才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者间接承受者。这种句型中，直接宾语为主要宾语，表示动作是对谁做的或为谁做的，在句中不可或缺，常常由表示常常由表示“物物”的名词来充当；间接宾语也被称之为第二的名词来充当；间接宾语也被称之为第二宾语宾语，去掉之后，对整个句子的影响

10、不大，多由指多由指“人人”的的名词或代词承担名词或代词承担。引导这类双宾语的常见动词有：buy,pass,lend,give,tell,teach,show,bring,send等。如：1)Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present.2)The old man always tells the children stories about the heroes in the Long March.3)Yesterday her father bought her a bicycle as a birthday present

11、.这种句型还可转换为其他两种句型：1)动词 宾语 for sb.；2)动词 宾语to sb.。第7页/共71页 （多指人）（多指人）（多指物）（多指物）1)Please show me your picture.=Please show your picture to me.请把你的画给我看一下。2)Ill offer you a good chance as long as you don t lose heart.=Ill offer a good chance for you as long as you dont lose heart.又如：He passed me the wonde

12、rful gift yesterday.My teacher taught me EnglishShe cooked her husband a delicious dinner.My brother told me how to get to the station.第8页/共71页句型句型5：Subject(主语主语)Verb(动词动词)Object(宾宾语语)Complement(补语补语)此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整来补足宾语，

13、才能使意思完整。这种句型中的“宾语补语宾语补语”统称为统称为“复合宾语复合宾语”。宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语的特点、身份等；或者表示让宾语去完成的动作等。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式动词不定式等。常见的动词有:tell,ask,advise,help,want,would like,order,force,allow等。如：1）You should keep the room clean and tidy.你应该让屋子保持干净整洁。（形容词）2)We made him our monitor.(

14、名词)我们选他当班长。3)His father told him not to play in the street.(不定式)4）My father likes to watch the boys playing basketball.(现在分词)第9页/共71页注意：动词注意：动词have,make,let,see,hear,notice,feel,watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时，主动语态不带等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时，主动语态不带to。如：如：1)The boss made him do the work all day.老板让他整天做那项工作。2)I heard her

15、sing in the next room all the time last night.昨天晚上我听见她在隔壁唱了一个晚上。但是使役动词(make,let)以及感官动词（see,hear,notice,feel,watch)被动语态加上被动语态加上to.1)=He was made to do the work by the boss all day.2)=She was heard to sing in the next room all the time last night.第10页/共71页Go for it ,please!（主谓宾宾补）1）They kept the room

16、clean.2)We all call the boy Tom.3)Our teacher asked us to do morning exercise.4)The worker painted the wall white.5)I saw her getting on the bus just now.6)What made the little girl angry?第11页/共71页Lets goEx 1:(S V)1李明学习很努力。2.事故是昨天下午发生的。3春天就要来了.4我们住在这个城市已有关10年了.5学生们学习很努力。6 她再次向我道歉。7事故是昨天晚上发生的。Li Ming

17、 works very hard.The accident happened yesterday afternoonSpring is coming.We have lived in the city for ten yearsThe students work very hard.She apologized to me again.The accident happened yesterday evening.第12页/共71页Ex 2:(SVP)1.这是本英汉辞典。2.午餐的气味很好。3.他堕入了情网。4.一切看来都不同了。5.他长得又高又壮。6.麻烦的是他们缺少钱。7.我们的井干枯了。

18、8.他的脸红了。This is an English-Chinese dictionary.The dinner smells good.He fell in love.Everything looks different.He is growing tall and strong.The trouble is that they are short of money.Our well has gone dry.His face turned red.第13页/共71页Ex 3(SVO)1.谁知道答案？2.她微笑表示感谢。3.他拒绝帮他们的忙。4.他喜欢看书。5.他们吃了剩饭。6.他说：“早上

19、好！7.我想喝杯茶。8.他承认犯了错误。Who knows the answer?She smiled her thanksHe enjoys readingThey ate what was left overHe has refused to help them.。He said Good morning.I want to have a cup of teaHe admits that he was mistaken.第14页/共71页Ex 4.(SVoO)1.她给自己定了一套新衣裳。2.她给丈夫煮了一顿美味的饭。3.他给你买了一本字典。4.他对她什么都不拒绝5.我给他看我的照片。6.我

20、洗了我的汽车。7.我告诉他汽车晚点了。8.他教我开机器。She ordered herself a new dress.。She cooked her husband a delicious meal.He brought you a dictionary.He refused her nothing.I showed him my pictures.I gave my car a wash.I told him that the bus was late.He showed me how to run the machine.第15页/共71页Ex 5 (SVOC)1.他们请他当经理。2.他

21、们把门漆成绿色。3.这使得他们要细想一想。4.他们发现那房子空的。5.他怎么会这样想？6.我们送他出去。7他要我早点回来。8.我看见他们上了那辆公共汽车。They aked him to be managerThey painted the door green.This made them think carefullyThey found the house emptyWhat makes him think so?We saw(showed/sent)him out He asked me to come back soon.。I saw them getting on the bus.

22、第16页/共71页Continue!There be 句型句型(特殊倒装句特殊倒装句式）式）此句型是由 there+be+主语+状语构成，用以表达存在有，一种无主语的有。它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词 be 之后，there 仅为引导词，并无实际语。Be 与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情态变化。如，现在有 there is/are 过去有 there was/were将来有 there will be/there is/are going to be.现在已经有 there has/have been可能有 there might be.肯定有 there must be/

23、there must have been.过去一直有 there used to be 似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be 碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be 此句型有时不用be动词，而用 live,stand,come,go,lie,remain,exist,arrive,等。第17页/共71页Ex 6:There be 1.今晚没有会。2.这个村子过去只有一口井。3.这个学校有一名音乐老师和一名美术老师4.客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。5.天气预报说下午有大风。6.办公室里肯定有人7.恰好那时房里没人。8.在那

24、边的树下可能有蛇。There isnt going to be a meeting tonightThere was only a well in the villageThere is a teacher of music and a teacher of art in the school.Among the guests there were two Americans and two Frenchmen.The weatherman says therell be a strong wind in the afternoon.There must be someone ion the

25、office.There happened to be nobody in the room.There may be a snake under that tree第18页/共71页Lets go2不定式作表语不定式作表语 1.Her work is _(look)after the children.2.My aim is _(go)to Tsinghua University.3.She seemed _(think)about the problem.4.They appeared _(agree)with what we said.不定式作表语时可以和主语部分调换。第19页/共71页

26、Continue:3不定式作宾语：不定式作宾语：有些及物动词常用不定式作宾语。常见的动词有：want,demand,like,hate,hope,begin,seem,fail,help,offer,manage,pretend,forget,remember,promise,prepare,learn,expect,agree,determine,prefer,intend,etc.第20页/共71页Have a try:They wanted _(get)on the bus,didnt they?He said he wished(be)a professor.I agreed_(go)

27、there with the doctor.My daughter preferred _(dance)when she was in her twenties.He had promised _(give)me a hand.第21页/共71页Go on,please!4.不定式作宾语补足语不定式作宾语补足语 A)1.I didnt want my parents _(help)me.2.Wed prefer you _(take)the job instead of Zhang.3.The school ordered all the classroom _(clean).4.My par

28、ents expect me _(go)to a ideal university.5.Joan promised the dinner _(cook)before we returned.6.The doctor advised the patient _(take)two pills every four hours.7.He determined me_(tell)everything.第22页/共71页Go on,please!B)Whom flns sb do sth.(watch,have(使)hear,observe,make,feel,listen(to),let,notice

29、,see etc.+sb+动词原形 +sth+done第23页/共71页Test yourself:We cant let this _(go)on.I will not let my children _(treat)in that way.John made him _(tell)everything.The two boys were sorry indeed to see him _(go).We felt the house _(shake)in the earthquake.Do you like listening to other people _(talk)?Have you

30、 ever heard him _(tell)a lie?Who would you like to have_(go)?Who would you like to have_(go)with?What song did you hear _(sing)?We saw the house _(burn)to the ground when we reached there.第24页/共71页Continue:5.不定式作定语不定式作定语 Change the following into infinitives.He was the first person that came to the

31、classroom this morning.The only thing that I want to get is the diamond necklace.Everything that is done needs praising.Do you have anything that you want to say?Here are some books that you can read.第25页/共71页Go on,please!6.不定式作状语。不定式作状语。状语的形式很多，有目的、结果、原因、条件、让步、比较、方式、伴随等，但目的、结果 要用不定式。第26页/共71页Contin

32、ue:A)Substitution:He got up early so that he could catch the first bus to the town.He got up early_ _ _ catch the first bus.We must work hard at English in order that we can contact foreigners freely.We must work hard at English _ _ _ contact foreigners freely.He was so frightened that he could hard

33、ly say anything.He was_ frightened _say anything.He was _ brave _ _say anything.He was so young that he could go to school.He was _ late _ go to school.He was not _ _ _ go to school.第27页/共71页 B)1._(save)the badly sick lady,the doctor had an operation on her.2.He hurried to the station only _ (find)t

34、he train left.第28页/共71页动名词动名词1动名词作主语动名词作主语 A)1._(die)for people is a glorious thing.2._(talk)with him is a great pleasure.3._(help)others is our duty.4._(see)is to believe.5._(seat)at the back of the classroom made the students surprised.第29页/共71页it作形式主语时，可用动词不定式，但下列巨型常用动名词：作形式主语时，可用动词不定式，但下列巨型常用动名词

35、：It is+no good(no use,fun,a pleasure,a waste of time)+doingThere is no+doing.如如：Its no use _(sit)here waiting.There is no _(say)what will happen next.Is it any good _(tell)him the truth right now.第30页/共71页 不定式与动名词的区别：不定式与动名词的区别：不定式作主语时经常表示具体动作，而动名词作主语时经常表示抽象动作：不定式作主语时经常表示具体动作，而动名词作主语时经常表示抽象动作：Its no

36、 good eating too much fat.Its not good for you to eat so much fat.第31页/共71页B)关于逻辑主语的问题关于逻辑主语的问题 1._to the meeting surprised all of the boards.A.Mike coming B.Mike came C.Mike coming D.Mikes coming 2.Its no use _ that you didnt know the rules.A.you pretend B.you pretending C.your pretending D.your pr

37、etend Change the following into the simple sentences.That Peter didnt attend the meeting made it put off.第32页/共71页2动名词作表语 1.Her work is _(look)after the children.2.My aim is _(go)to Tsinghua University.3.One of my bad habit is _(bite)nails（指甲）.第33页/共71页 3动名词作宾语动名词作宾语Mecafps+doing (mind,miss,excuse,e

38、njoy,escape consider,admit(承认)advise,appreciate=enjoy,avoid,finish,practise,suggest,stop)delay,imagine,include,keep,quit,resist,risk,understand,be used to,look forward to,object to,pay attention to,etc.以及介词后接动名词以及介词后接动名词doing第34页/共71页He was in low spirits and even consider _(go)away.Practise _(put)y

39、our hand to the ground.I cant help _(have)the trip to Britain.Dont tell me you always escape _(fine)because you have a fast sports car.Leave off _(bite)your nails!He didnt feel like _(work),so he suggested _(spend)the day in the garden.You certainly mustnt miss _(see)the wonderful film.第35页/共71页The

40、doctor advised _(stay)longer in hospital.I couldnt imagine that _(be)possible.We appreciate your _(want)_(help)us in our difficulties.We cant stand _(pooh-pooh)every new idea.Michael has delayed _(write)to her till today.第36页/共71页The law forbids _(sell)liquor to children.They all suggested _(give)mo

41、re chances.Can you imagine _(leave)standing outside for a whole night.They built the banks to prevent the area from _(flood).Women do mind _(smoke)by men.第37页/共71页动名词与不定式的不同含义：be afraid to do 不敢、害怕、胆怯去 做某事be afraid of doing 担心、恐怕出现She was afraid _(wake)her husband up,for he had bad temper.She was af

42、raid _(of wake)her husband,for he was ill.第38页/共71页 2)forget to do sth.忘记去做某事（未 做）forget doing sth.忘记做过了某事（已 做）The light in the office is off.It was she who turned it off,but she herself forgot _(turn)it off.The light in the office is still on.She forgot _(turn)it off.第39页/共71页3)remember to do sth.记

43、着去做某事（未记着去做某事（未 做）做）remember doing sth.记着做了某事（已做）记着做了某事（已做）Do you remember _(meet)me at a party last year?You must remember _(leave)tomorrow.第40页/共71页 4)stop to do sth.stop doing sth.5)regret to do sth.regret doing sth.I regret _(go)to his home town.I regret _(tell)you the truth.第41页/共71页6)try to do

44、 sth.try doing sth.You must try _(do)it again.Lets try _(do)the work in some other way.第42页/共71页7)mean to do sth.mean doing sth.If it means _(delay)more than a week,Ill not wait.I mean _(go),and nothing can stop me.8)go on to do sth.go on doing sth.第43页/共71页9)like/love/start/begin/hate/continue to d

45、o sth.doing sth.10)Sth.wnat/require/need to be done doing.The temple needs_(rebuild).The children require_(educate).第44页/共71页动名词复合结构的一般规则是：动名词复合结构的一般规则是：1.逻辑主语是有生命的名词：作主语逻辑主语是有生命的名词：作主语时，须用名词或代词所有格；作宾语时，须用名词或代词所有格；作宾语时，也可用普通格或人称代词宾格。时，也可用普通格或人称代词宾格。Toms(His)coming is what we have expected.She didnt

46、mind Jack/Jacks(him/his)coming here.第45页/共71页2.逻辑主语是无生命名词时，只用普逻辑主语是无生命名词时，只用普通格。通格。Is there any hope of our winning the match?3.逻辑主语是指示代词或不定代词逻辑主语是指示代词或不定代词this,that,somebody,someone,nobody,none,anybody,anyone时，时，只用普通格。只用普通格。She was disturbed by somebody shouting outside.第46页/共71页Compare this:11)can

47、it help doing sth.cant help do sth.cant help but do sth.不能不，忍不 住1.I couldnt help _(think)of my childhood when I saw the picture.2.Im sorry I cant help _(lend)you the money,for Im short of it nowadays.3.I cant help but _(cry).第47页/共71页9)permit,allow,advise,consider,admit doing sth.sb./wh to do sth.1.

48、Do you consider _(buy)this kind of book?2.Is he considered _(take)this position?3.Is he considered _(send)to work in Tibet?第48页/共71页分词分词分词：分词相当于形容词、副词。作分词：分词相当于形容词、副词。作表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语。分表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语。分词可分为现在分词、过去分词。词可分为现在分词、过去分词。一般式一般式 完成式完成式现在分词现在分词 doing having done having been done过去分词过去分词 done第49

49、页/共71页1）分词与动名词作表语时的区别：1.Our plan is _(finish)the task before May.2.Toms job was _(guard)the factory.3.His lecture is _(interest),which made us _(interest).4.The situation is _(encourage).第50页/共71页 2)现在分词和过去分词作状语的区别：现在分词和过去分词作状语的区别：分词与逻辑主语（即句子主语）关系分词与逻辑主语（即句子主语）关系来决定分词的语态，主语能发出分词来决定分词的语态，主语能发出分词的动作用主

50、动的动作用主动doing/having done，不能发出分词的动作用被动，不能发出分词的动作用被动done/having been dong。分词的动作如发生在谓语动词之后分词的动作如发生在谓语动词之后doing(用一般式用一般式)，如发生在谓语动，如发生在谓语动词之前，词之前，(用完成式用完成式)having done。第51页/共71页A)1._(see)those picture,he couldnt help thinking of those days in Yanan.2._(turn)round,Fanny found an ambulance driving up.3_(wa